Neustadt district in West Prussia
The Neustadt district in West Prussia was a Prussian district that existed from 1818 to 1920. It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and was called the Polish Corridor . From 1939 to 1945, the district in occupied Poland was re-established as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .
history
With the first partition of Poland , the district came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 and initially belonged to the Dirschau district in the province of West Prussia . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Gdansk administrative district, the new Neustadt district was formed on April 1, 1818 from the northern part of the Dirschau district . It included the cities of Neustadt , Hela and Putzig , the domain offices of Brück, Putzig and Starzyn, the Hela peninsula and a large number of noble estates. The district office was set up in Neustadt.
From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .
Due to the continuous growth of the population in the 19th century, some districts in West Prussia turned out to be too large; a downsizing seemed necessary. On April 1, 1878, the new Putzig district with the district office in the town of Putzig was formed from the northern part of the district area .
The rural community of Sopot received city rights on April 1, 1902.
After the First World War , due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty on January 10, 1920, almost the entire Neustadt district had to be ceded by the German Reich. Most of the district fell to Poland and continued there as Powiat Wejherowski . The city of Sopot and the forest district of Oliva fell to the Free City of Danzig . An area to the west of Lake Zarnowitz with the municipality of Kniewenbruch and the manor districts of Burgsdorf, Fredrichsrode, Kolkau , Ockalitz, Oppalin, Prüssau , Rauschendorf, Reckendorf and Rieben remained in the German Empire and came to the Lauenburg district in the Pomeranian province .
Poland gave the city of Neustadt the place name Wejherowo , based on its medieval name Weyersfrey (after the city founder Jakob von Weiher ) . As a result of emigration, the German population in the former district shrank considerably after 1920.
population
Ethnic composition
In 1905 approx. 50% of the district's population were German-speaking and approx. 50% Polish or Kashubian-speaking.
Population development
In 1878 the new Putzig district was spun off from the Neustadt district. To ensure comparability of the figures, the added values of the two circles are also given.
- 1821 29,486
- 1831 35,250
- 1852 48.211
- 1861 55.053
- 1871 61.075
- 1890 41,660, with the Putzig district 65,720
- 1900 49.043, with the Putzig district 74.259
- 1910 61,620, with the Putzig district 88,168
Denominations
| year | evangelical | Catholic | Jewish | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutely | % | absolutely | % | absolutely | % | |||
| 1821 | 6,911 | 23.4 | 22,339 | 75.8 | 236 | 0.8 | ||
| 1852 | 13,159 | 27.2 | 34,881 | 72.4 | 268 | 0.6 | ||
| 1871 | 15,284 | 25.0 | 45,483 | 74.5 | 296 | 0.5 | ||
| after the Putzig district was hived off : | ||||||||
| 1890 | 11.006 | 26.4 | 30,396 | 73.0 | 214 | 0.5 | ||
| 1910 | 17,294 | 28.1 | 43,782 | 71.5 | 257 | 0.4 | ||
| together with the district of Putzig : | ||||||||
| 1890 | 16,314 | 24.8 | 49,075 | 74.7 | 285 | 0.4 | ||
| 1910 | 22,692 | 25.7 | 64,866 | 73.6 | 317 | 0.4 | ||
politics
District administrators
- 1818–1831 Franz von Weiher (1763–1835)
- 1831–1835 Karl Lesse
- 1835–1862 Ludwig von Platen
- 1862–1868 Paul von Jordan (1831–1870)
- 1868–1879 Friedrich Vormbaum
- 1879–1881 Richard von Wentzel (1850–1916) ( acting )
- 1881–1893 Gumprecht ( provisional )
- 1893–1907 Heinrich von Keyserlingk (1861–1941)
- 1907–1920 Theodor von Baudissin (1874–1950)
elections
In the German Reich, the districts of Neustadt, Karthaus and Putzig formed the Reichstag constituency of Danzig 4 . This constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in all Reichstag elections between 1871 and 1912 :
- 1871 Leo von Rybinski
- 1874 Leo von Rybinski
- 1877 Sigismund von Dzialowski
- 1878 Anton von Kalkstein
- 1881 Anton von Kalkstein
- 1884 Anton von Kalkstein
- 1887 Anton von Kalkstein
- 1890 novel by Janta-Polczynski
- 1893 novel by Janta-Polczynski
- 1898 novel by Janta-Polczynski
- 1903 novel by Janta-Polczynski
- 1907 novel by Janta-Polczynski
- 1912 Stefan von Laszewski
cities and communes
In 1910 the Neustadt district comprised two cities and 55 rural communities:
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The city of Sopot became part of the Free City of Danzig in 1920 and the municipality of Kniewenbruch remained in the German Empire. All other municipalities fell to Poland in 1920. Numerous manor districts also belonged to the district .
Personalities
- Florian Ceynowa , campaigner for the rights of the Kashubians , was born in 1817 in Slavoshin, Neustadt district
- Stanislaus Maronski , grammar school teacher in Neustadt, has published works on the subject of Polish history
The district of Neustadt in occupied Poland 1939–1945
history
After the invasion of Poland and the annexation of the former district area by the German Reich, the district of Neustadt (West Prussia) was established in the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia - later Gdansk-West Prussia - which included the area of the former districts of Neustadt and Putzig. The cities of Neustadt and Putzig were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935 , which was valid in the Altreich . The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts.
In the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army and again part of Poland. In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .
District Administrator
- 1939–1945 Heinz Lorenz
Place names
In some cases place names were considered "not German" enough and received a phonetic alignment or translation, for example:
- Bojahn: Blücherode
- Ceynowa: Ziegenhagen, Kr.Neustadt (West Pr.)
- Darslub: Buchheide
- Gohra: first Bergen, then Rhedaberg
- Goschin: Imperial Court
- Kolletzkau: Kollendorf
- Polzin: Konradswiese
- Quashin: Quassendorf
- Slavoshin: first Wittenbrock, then Wittenbrook
literature
- Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia , Danzig 1872 ( e-copy ).
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 45–46, item 8.
- Prussian Ministry of Finance: Results of the property and trade tax assessment in the administrative district of Danzig . Danzig 1867. See: 7. Neustadt District , pp. 1–37.
- Franz Schultz : History of the districts Neustadt and Putzig. Danzig 1907 ( e-copy )
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 624.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- Territorial development, overview of the municipalities and administrative districts .
- Uwe Kerntopf: Index of the localities in the Neustadt district, West Prussia province (December 1, 1905)
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 49 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 352 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914 . Marburg 1998, p. 17 f.
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures
Administrative districts: Gdansk | Marienwerder
Districts: Gdansk | Elbing | Graudenz | Thorn
Counties: Berent | Briesen | Gdansk | Danzig Heights | Danzig Lowlands | German crown | Dirschau | Elbing | Flatow | Graudenz | Karthaus | Konitz | Kulm | Löbau | Marienburg | Marienwerder | Neustadt i. Western pr. | Prussian Stargard | Cute | Rosenberg i. Western pr. | Schlochau | Schwetz | Strasburg i. Western pr. | Stuhm | Thorn | Tuchel