Dirschau district

The Dirschau district was a Prussian district that existed in different delimitations from 1772 to 1818 and from 1887 to 1920. It was located in the part of West Prussia that after the First World War had to be ceded by the German Reich partly to Poland and partly to the Free City of Danzig by the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 . From 1939 to 1945 the district was re-established in occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

The Dirschau district from 1772 to 1818

The Dirschau district from 1887 to 1920

West Prussia Province in 1919

Gdansk administrative district

Marienwerder administrative district

West Prussia came to the Kingdom of Prussia through the first partition of Poland in 1772 and was initially divided into six large districts, including the Dirschau district. The northern part of Pommerellen with the cities of Dirschau , Neustadt , Putzig and Stolzenberg and the royal domain offices of Brück, Carthaus, Mirchau, Oliva, Putzig, Sobbowitz, Starsin and Subkau belonged to the Dirschau district .

The district administrators were Caspar Ludwig von Below from 1772 to 1794 and Franz von Weiher from 1794 to 1818.

The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. With a comprehensive district reform in the administrative district of Danzig new, smaller districts were formed on April 1, 1818. The area of the old Dirschau district was incorporated into the new Carthaus , Danzig , Neustadt and Stargard districts .

The Dirschau district from 1887 to 1920

history

The continuous growth of the population in the 19th century required a district reform in West Prussia. On October 1st, 1887, the new Dirschau district was created in the Gdansk administrative district, consisting of parts of the Danzig district and the Preußisch Stargard district. The seat of the district office and the only town in the district was Dirschau.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the Dirschau district had to be ceded by the German Reich on January 10, 1920. The largest part of the district with the city of Dirschau came to Poland and continued as Powiat Tczewski . Several parishes came from the north of the district to the Free City of Danzig and were incorporated into the Danziger Höhe district.

The communities of the Marienwerder district , which fell to Poland in 1920, were largely incorporated into the Powiat Tczew on April 1, 1932. They had previously formed the Polish powiat Gniewski from 1924, based in Gniew (Mewe).

population

Population development

1890 0036,451
1900 0038,693
1910 0042,723

Denominations

year	evangelical		Catholic		Jewish
year	absolutely	%	absolutely	%	absolutely	%
1890	12,388	34.0	23,225	63.7	407	1.1
1910	15,984	37.4	26,375	61.7	212	0.5

District administrators

1887–1909 Axel Döhn00
1909-1918 00by Kries
1918–1920 00from Dungern

cities and communes

In 1910, the Dirschau district comprised the city of Dirschau and 30 rural communities.

Baldau
chest
Czattkau
Damerau
Dirschau
Gardschau
Gerdin
Groß Golmkau ^double room

Big slim
Güttland ^DZ
Hohenstein ^{double room}
Klempin ^DZ
Kohling ^double room

Fried cabbage ^DZ

Lamenstein ^double room

Love show

Lunau
Mahlin
Mestin
Mühlbanz
Pelplin
Pommey
Postelau ^double room

Raikau

Rambeltsch ^double room

Rokittken

Rukoschin

Schiwialken

Stüblau ^double room

Subkau

Wiesenau

The municipalities marked with ^DZ came to the Free City of Danzig in 1920. All other municipalities fell to Poland in 1920. Numerous manor districts also belonged to the district . The municipality of Zeisgendorf was incorporated into the city of Dirschau in 1908.

Dirschau district in occupied Poland 1939–1945

Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

history

After the attack on Poland and the subsequent annexation of the district area by the German Reich, the district was re-established under the name Dirschau district in the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia from 1939 to 1945. The cities of Dirschau, Mewe and Pelplin were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts. On December 2, 1940, the previous 'corridor communities', which had already been co-administered since October 26, 1939, were made into the district of Außenendeich ( Bursztych ), Johannisdorf ( Janowo ), Kramersdorf ( Kramrowo ), Kleinfelde ( Pólko Małe ) and Neuliebenau ( Nowe Lignowy ) Dirschau incorporated into the Marienwerder district.

In the spring of 1945 the Red Army occupied the district. In the following years the vast majority of German inhabitants were from the district sold .

District administrators

1939–1940 00summer ( provisional )
1940–1945 00Reinhold Isendick

Place names

By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. By means of the order concerning the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, all place names were Germanized with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior. Either the name from 1918 was retained or - if "not German" enough - acoustically adjusted or translated, for example:

Czattkau: Schattkau,
Gogolewo: Gogling,
Jellen: Hirschenfeld,
Morroschin: Leutmannsdorf, Kr.Dirschau,
Rakowitz: Cancer, District Dirschau,
Resenschin: Resen,
Rukoschin: Hornwalde,
Schiwialken: Schwabenheim,
Swarozhin: Paleskenhof.

Personalities

Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–1798), scientist, participant in James Cook's circumnavigation, was born in Dirschau.

literature

Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. West Prussia - Dirschau district. Accessed September 2018(Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
Franz Schultz : History of the Dirschau district , Dirschau 1907 ( e-copy )
Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Kantersche Hofbuchdruckerei, Marienwerder 1789, pp. 49–62.

Web links

Dirschau district administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 13, 2013.
Historical data

Individual evidence

^ August Franz von Haxthausen : The rural constitution in the individual provinces of the Prussian monarchy . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1839, p. 153 ( digitized version ).
^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 49 ff . ( Digitized version ).
^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
^ Max Töppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 352 ( digitized version ).
↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures

[1] August Franz von Haxthausen : The rural constitution in the individual provinces of the Prussian monarchy . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1839, p. 153 ( digitized version ).

[2] Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 49 ff . ( Digitized version ).

[3] Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .

[4] Max Töppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 352 ( digitized version ).

[5] Municipal directory 1910 with population figures