Pelplin
| Pelplin | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Tczewski | ||
| Gmina : | Pelplin | ||
| Area : | 4.45 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 56 ' N , 18 ° 42' E | ||
| Height : | 8 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 8026 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 83-130 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 58 | ||
| License plate : | GTC | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | A1 : Danzig - Cieszyn | ||
| Ext. 229 : Jabłowo – Wielkie Walichnowy | |||
| Ext. 230 : Wielgłowy – Cierzpice | |||
| Rail route : | PKP - Route 131: Bydgoszcz-Tczew | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| administration | |||
| Website : | www.pelplin.pl | ||
Pelplin is a small town in the north of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship (until 1998 part of the Gdansk Voivodeship ). It is located in the Powiat Tczewski and has about 8000 inhabitants. Pelplin is historically significant as the location of one of the first and most important Cistercian monasteries in the eastern Baltic region. The city is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 16,500 inhabitants.
Geographical location
Pelplin is located on the Wierzyca ( heel ), a left tributary of the Vistula in Pommerellen , around 15 km west of the Vistula. The next larger town is Starogard Gdański ( Prussian Stargard ), a little northwest of Pelplin . Pelplin is on the railway connection Gdansk – Bydgoszcz ( Danzig – Bromberg ), the national road Tczew - Grudziądz ( Dirschau – Graudenz ) runs 4 km east of Pelplin; the planned north-south motorway is to have a junction in Pelplin. On the Czubatka hill, Pelplin reaches a height of 86 m above sea level. NN, towards the Vistula low the height is 8 m above sea level. NN.
history
According to archaeological findings, human settlements were already in the area of today's city in the Stone and Bronze Ages .
The Monastery Pelplin was in 1258 by monks of the mother monastery in Doberan in Mecklenburg founded, which began here in 1276 with the construction of an imposing monastery church in brick Gothic, whose completion took to complete more than 200 years. Ecclesiastically the area was under the Archdiocese of Gniezno , the secular sovereignty lay with the Duchy of Pomerellen , which in 1227 was able to completely shake off the first Polish feudal sovereignty. In the region between Western Pomerania and the Vistula , the Kashubians made up a large proportion of the population.
In 1310 the Teutonic Order bought Pomeranian from the Margraves of Brandenburg and incorporated it into the Teutonic Order state . In 1466, the region came under the sovereignty of the Crown of Poland as the autonomous province of Prussia with a royal share (later called West Prussia). As a result, several Jagiellonian kings visited the abbey, including Sigismund III. Wasa and Jan III. Sobieski . After the victory of the Reformation, the last abbot moved from Doberan Monastery to the Pelplin monastery in 1552 .
Pomerellen remained largely unaffected by the Reformation, only a few Mennonites settled in the area from the 17th century, but they left West Prussia again in the Napoleonic period or around 1870. In 1772 Pelplin came from Royal Prussia (Prussia Occidentalis = West Prussia) to the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1821 the seat of the diocese of Culm was moved to Pelplin.
In the 19th century Pelplin received a connection to the Dirschau (Tczew) –Bromberg (Bydgoszcz) railway . The community grew in a short time from 500 to several thousand citizens. A post office was also set up. At the same time, the conflicts between the Catholic population and church and the Prussian government, which relied on secularization , increased. In 1836 the Collegium Marianum was founded in Pelplin as a grammar school with the language of instruction in Polish, and a seminary was established ; In 1925, Culm was renamed the Pelplin diocese .
After the First World War it came to Poland as part of the so-called Polish Corridor . Due to the attack on Poland in 1939, Pelpin was annexed by the German Reich in violation of international law . A satellite camp of the Stutthof concentration camp was set up in Pelplin . After the invasion of the Red Army and the end of World War II in 1945, the German part of the population was expelled.
On June 6, 1999, Pope John Paul II celebrated a mass in front of 300,000 people in front of the gates of the city on what is now called the Pope Mountain (Góra Jana Pawla II); a 30 m high aluminum cross illuminated at night reminds of this.
Population development
| year | number | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1780 | 305 | |
| 1831 | 400 | |
| 1867 | 1,820 | |
| 1875 | 1,901 | |
| 1880 | 2,049 | |
| 1890 | 2,412 | |
| 1905 | 3,524 | including 288 Protestants |
| 1910 | 3,969 | |
| 1921 | 3,860 | including 130 Germans |
| 1943 | 5,295 | |
| 2012 | 8,258 | As of June 30, 2012 |
Cistercian Church
The most important attraction of the place is the former monastery church of the Cistercian order , which is largely based on the construction plan of the Doberan mother church and how it has a transept with two yokes and a gable crown. The eastern part of the church, on the other hand, resembles the abbey church of Cluny with its missing chapel wreath . The actual church building is largely without decorations, the four mighty gables, however, have small-scale forms, but otherwise adhere to the canon of forms of the North German brick Gothic . The central nave has a remarkable height of 26 m.
Of the 20 altars, three are made of marble, two of stucco marble, the rest of wood, painted and gilded. The church is richly decorated with works from the 17th century. The high altar shows a painting of the Assumption of Mary by the Gdańsk painter Hermann Hahn (1625), the paintings of the altars of the Apostles Andreas and Philip (1672) are by Andreas Stech from Gdańsk. The pulpit (1682) was made by the woodcarver Matthias Scholler from Mewe . The church also contains simple epitaphs, chairs and organ prospectuses from the Renaissance to the Rococo , although some carvings from the Gothic Middle Ages have been preserved.
There are several manuscripts in the library, the oldest from the 12th and 13th centuries, and a copy of the Gutenberg Bible .
Today the church is the episcopal church of the Pelplin diocese. Jan Bernard Szlaga, born in 1940, was bishop of the diocese until 2012 .
More Attractions
Attached to the cathedral is a diocesan museum, one of the most important collections of medieval art in northern Poland, in which, in addition to major works of painting from the 14th century, such as the Graudenzer altarpiece and the like. a. a Gutenberg Bible from 1453 is kept. However, only a copy of this Bible can be seen in the exhibition rooms of the museum.
The town hall is located on Plac Mariacki. The Wierzyca flowing through the village is surrounded by a city park (Ogród Biskupi).
politics
The current mayor of the city (2008) is Andrzej Stanuch, his deputy is Tadeusz Błędzki.
Pelplin has had a partnership with the Lower Bavarian municipality of Grafling since 2000 .
Economy and Infrastructure
The city's largest employers include:
- MAS export / import
- de Graaf
- PELBUD
- swisspor
There are several bank branches in Pelplin. There is a polytechnic at higher educational institutions.
Pelplin also has its own city newspaper, the “Informator Pelplinski” .
Personalities
- Robert Wollenberg (1862-1942), psychiatrist
- Franz Sawicki (1877–1952), German-Polish theology professor, died in Pelplin
- Gerd Teßmer (* 1945), politician.
Gmina Pelplin
The town-and-country municipality of Pelplin includes other villages with almost 16,500 inhabitants.
Web links
- Official website of the municipality (multilingual)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Handbook of Historic Places, East and West Prussia , Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 157.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 388.
- ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, district of Dirschau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon. 6th edition. Volume 15, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 554.
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus. 15th edition. Volume 14, Leipzig 1933, p. 296.
- ↑ stat.gov.pl