Starogard Gdański
| Starogard Gdański | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Starogard Gdański | ||
| Area : | 25.27 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 58 ' N , 18 ° 32' E | ||
| Height : | 70 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 47,775 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 83-200 to 83-202 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 58 | ||
| License plate : | GST | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 22: ( Berlin -) Kostrzyn nad Odrą - Grzechotki | ||
| Rail route : | Tczew – Chojnice | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 47,775 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 2213031 | ||
| Administration (as of 2009) | |||
| City President : | Janusz Stankowiak | ||
| Address: | ul.Gdańska 6 83-200 Starogard Gdański |
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| Website : | www.starogard.pl | ||
Starogard Gdański ( German Prussian Stargard ) is a town in the powiat Starogardzki of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The city is located in Pomerania on the small river Wierzyca (Ferse) , about 21 kilometers southwest of Tczew (Dirschau) , 40 kilometers south of Gdansk and 67 kilometers northeast of Chojnice (Konitz) .
history
From the 8th to the 12th century a castle existed on the site of the present city.
The first documentary mention of a settlement on the site of today's Starogard Gdański comes from November 11, 1198 as Starigrod . The document mentions the alleged donation of the castle and its surroundings by the Pomeranian Duke Grzymisław II of Pomerania-Liebschau / Dirschau to the Order of St. John 24 years earlier . The Johanniterburg was located on the left bank of the heel at the site of the St. John's Church, which was destroyed in 1655. At the place of the castle the "Kaufmannsstraße" led over the heel. In 1269 the place was mentioned as Stargarde ( Slavic old castle ). In 1305 the Teutonic Order conquered the place, which resulted in the Teutonic Order State of Prussia . Immediately south of the castle, the town of Preußisch Stargard was established after 1309 as the foundation of the Teutonic Knight Order. Around 1338 the inhabitants began building a fortification for the settlement, and a year later the place received its own coat of arms. The city charter to Kulm law was Starogard 1348 by Grand Master Heinrich Dusemer . In the northwest, the Catholic parish church of St. Marien rises above the river, later also »St. Mathaei Apostoli ”, a three-aisled basilica from the 14th century.
In 1465 the city was besieged by the Polish army. A year later, Prussian Stargard became part of the secessionist Western Order Prussia , which, as the autonomous Prussian Royal Share, had voluntarily submitted to the sovereignty of the Polish crown. Stargard became part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and the meeting place of its state parliaments. A great fire in 1484 destroyed half of the city. The first signs of the presence of Lutherans date from 1525 . In 1557 the St. Catherine's Church became Evangelical Lutheran and remained so when in 1599 all other churches had to be handed over to the Catholics. It was victim of the great city fire in 1792 and then rebuilt at its current location. In 1566 the city was first called Starogard . The run of the heel formed the northern border of the city until modern times, although the Johanniter property was acquired by the Teutonic Order as early as 1370. In 1624 the northern and in 1749 the southern part of the city was completely destroyed by fire.
During the Second Northern War , the city was captured by Sweden in 1655 and occupied for two years.
With the first Polish partition in 1772, Stargard became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1792, several fires raged in the city and almost completely destroyed it. In 1789, Preussisch Stargard, which was surrounded by a city wall, had built 102 houses within the curtain wall, "mostly in the old style, with reservations", and the citizenry and the magistrate consisted "almost entirely of Germans and Protestants," while the residents of the suburbs were mostly Poles and Catholics were. In the middle of the large square market square stood the town hall, built in 1766, "with a very old tower" on which the city clock was located. At all four corners of the market square there were public fountains that were fed from the heel by means of a water art. The installation of a water art with copper pipes is mentioned as early as 1514. With the help of the same water art, water was also fed into the city brewery.
In 1807 troops fighting for Napoleon under Jan Henryk Dąbrowski briefly occupied the city. The beginning of the 19th century means increasing industrialization for the place and the city, which had been the seat of the Preussisch Stargard district since 1818 , became an important center for grain, tobacco and leather production. In 1862 the place was one of the first in what is now Poland to have a fire brigade and two years later the Winkelhausen vodka factory was opened. In 1871 it was connected to the rail network and in 1900 a water and gas network was built in the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, Preußisch Stargard had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a grammar school, a preparatory institute , a district court, a main tax office and a number of commercial operations.
The Provincial Insane Asylum Conradstein was established as the third psychiatric nursing home in West Prussia from 1893 on the grounds of the Konradstein Manor (Koczborwo), about 1.5 km from the town center. In 1909 there were 1282 patients here.
Until 1920, Preußisch Stargard was the district town of the Preußisch Stargard district in the Danzig administrative district of the Prussian province of West Prussia .
As of the end of World War I , the provisions of the January 1920 Versailles Treaty came into force and the Polish Corridor was laid by German Reich, the city was no referendum in the Second Polish Republic incorporated, where she attended the formed 1,919 new province of Pomerania came . The Stargard district continued to exist as a powiat Starogardzki . As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, the Stargarders, both German-speaking and Polish-speaking, were asked to either become Poles or to opt for their previous German citizenship . Those who opted for German citizenship were, as Germans living abroad , subject to Polish foreigner legislation and could lose their right of residence. German-speaking Stargarders who became Poles thus belonged to the German-speaking minority in Poland , while Polish -speaking Stargarders who became Poles belonged to the majority in the new Polish state.
With the German attack on Poland , German armed forces invaded the city on September 2, 1939, the German invasion cost the lives of around 7,000 people. Polish-speaking Stargardians in particular were victims of the arbitrary occupation. In the autumn of 1939, German task forces murdered 2,342 mentally ill people from the Konradstein (Koczborwo) institution.
In October 1939, Preußisch Stargard was added to the Reichsgau Gdansk-West Prussia under the occupation authorities . The Powiat Starogardzki was renamed the Prussian Stargard district by the occupation authorities. In the city, an external command of the Stutthof concentration camp was set up.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Preussisch Stargard was occupied by the Red Army on March 6, 1945 , which ended the German occupation of this part of Poland. Initially, Starogard belonged again to the Pomeranian Voivodeship, which had resumed official business on March 14th. On April 1, 1945, the district came to the newly formed Gdansk Voivodeship (1945-1975) .
In the following period immigrated German were under German occupation full strength, as well as ancestral German-speaking Poland , provided they had not fled before, mostly from the district sold .
In 1950 the city of Starogard was given the additional name Gdański .
Demographics
- Population development until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 1.103 | |
| 1782 | 1,410 | without the garrison stationed here since 1776 (five companies of an infantry regiment founded in 1774) |
| 1802 | 2,778 | |
| 1810 | 2,235 | |
| 1816 | 2,540 | including 1,118 Evangelicals, 967 Catholics and 450 Jews |
| 1821 | 2,675 | |
| 1831 | 3,145 | mostly evangelicals |
| 1867 | 5,568 | including 2,676 Evangelicals, 2,082 Catholics and 796 Jews |
| 1875 | 6,022 | |
| 1880 | 6.253 | |
| 1890 | 7,080 | including 3,212 Evangelicals, 3,366 Catholics and 454 Jews |
| 1905 | 10,485 | including 4,252 Protestants and 352 Jews (6,297 with German mother tongue) |
| 1921 | 13,360 | 1,780 of them are Germans |
| 1943 | 17,895 |
- Population since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 49,072 |
politics
Town twinning
- Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyj (Ukraine)
- Diepholz (Germany)
- Oschatz (Germany)
- Hillerød (Denmark)
- Kaliningrad (Russia)
Culture and sights
Buildings
- City wall from the 14th century
- Bastion
- Gothic parish church from the 14th century
- Town hall from the 18th / 19th century
- Palace of the Wiechert family from around 1900.
Sports
- The basketball club Polpharma Starogard Gdański plays in the Tauron Basket League .
- The city's football stadium is named after Kazimierz Deyna .
Economy and Infrastructure
The two largest companies in the area are Polpharma SA and Destylarnia Sobieski SA , which among other things produces the well-known vodka " Krupnik ".
traffic
In the station Starogard Gdanski crosses the south only, and only for freight services, operated railway Skórcz-Skarszewy the railway Tczew-Küstrin-Kietz border (former Prussian Eastern Railway ).
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Eduard Ebel (1839–1905), Protestant pastor and poet, author of Leise der Schnee trickles
- Johann Eduard Jacobsthal (1839–1902), architect and university professor
- Ernst Hake (1844–1925), architect and post-builder
- Theodor Quentin (1851–1905), German master church builder
- Albert Matthai (1853-1924), writer
- Thassilo von Scheffer (1873–1951), translator, poet and editor
- Kurt Wiechert (1880–1934), administrative lawyer
- Theo Mackeben (1897–1953), film composer
- Gertruda Bablinska (1902–1995), nanny, Righteous Among the Nations
- Henryk Jankowski (1936-2010), priest
- Edward Pałłasz (* 1936), composer
- Jan Gross (1938–2014), Lutheran theologian
- Kazimierz Deyna (1947–1989), football player
- Danuta Rosani (* 1951), track and field athlete
- Andrzej Grubba (1958-2005), table tennis player
- Paweł Papke (* 1977), volleyball player
- Oktawia Nowacka (* 1991), pentathlete
Other personalities associated with the city
- Bernhard Stadié (1833–1895), Protestant pastor, local historian of Prussian Stargard and West Prussia
Starogard Gdański Rural Commune
The rural community of Starogard Gdański, to which the city itself does not belong, covers an area of 196.16 km² and has 16,614 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
literature
- Erich Weise (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 181.
- Bernhard Stadié : History of the City of Stargard. At the same time a contribution to the history of the district. Prussian Stargard 1864 ( full text )
- Bernhard Stadié: The district of Stargard in West Prussia in historical terms from the oldest times until now . Part II: Historical notes about the individual villages in the district . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 72, Königsberg 1869, pp. 699-726, in particular 709-710 ( full text ).
- Isaac Gottfried Gödtke : Church history of the city of Stargard, from 1577 to 1758 . In: Archives for patriotic interests . New series, year 1845, Marienwerder 1845, pp.192–212.
- Martin Steinkühler: Prussian Stargard: 800 years of history - 650 years of city rights . Exhibition catalog. West Prussian State Museum, Münster 1998
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Erich Weise (ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 181.
- ^ A b c d e f Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 62–63.
- ↑ a b Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , 6th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 857, item 2).
- ↑ Johannes Bresler : German sanatoriums and nursing homes for the mentally ill in words and pictures. Volume 1. 1910.
- ^ Walter Grode: German "euthanasia" policy in Poland during the Second World War pdf, In: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik 16 (1992), accessed October 11, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 386–387, item 698.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 388–389, no. 21.
- ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 43-44, item 5.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. West Prussia, district of Preußisch Stargard. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Der Große Brockhaus , 15th edition, Volume 15, Leipzig 1933, p. 114.
Municipalities: Skórcz (Skurz) | Starogard Gdański (Prussian Stargard) . Urban and rural communities: Czarna Woda (Schwarzwasser) | Skarszewy (Schöneck in West Prussia) . Rural municipalities: Bobowo (Bobau) | Kaliska (Dreidorf) | Lubichowo (Lubichow) | Osieczna (Hagenort) | Osiek (Osseck) | Skórcz | Smętowo Graniczne (Schmentau) | Starogard Gdański | Zblewo (Hochstüblau) .