Skórcz
| Skórcz | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Starogard | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 48 ' N , 18 ° 32' E | ||
| Residents : | 3625 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 83-220 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 58 | ||
| License plate : | GST | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 214 ( Łeba - Kościerzyna ↔ Warlubie ) | ||
| Ext. 222 ( Danzig - Starogard Gdański → Skórcz) | |||
| Ext. 231 (Skórcz → Kolonia Ostrowicka ) | |||
| Rail route : | no more rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 3.67 km² | ||
| Residents: | 3625 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 988 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2213021 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Janusz Kosecki | ||
| Address: | ul.Główna 40 83-220 Skórcz |
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| Website : | www.skorcz.pl | ||
Skórcz ( German Skurz , 1942–1945 Großwollental ) is a city in Poland and is located in the Powiat Starogardzki of the Pomeranian Voivodeship . In addition to the municipality, there is also the rural municipality of Skórcz .
history
More than 1800 years ago, Claudius Ptolemy described a place called Scurgum in Germania magna north of the Danube and west of the Vistula .
The place was documented in 1339 and 1342 as Schorcz ("dorf zcu Schorcz" or "ad pontem Schorcz") with the later spelling "Skurcz" in western Prussia . The village is located near the Tucheler Heide . According to a message from the Catholic Church in Skórcz, Schulze Dietrich von Dalwin (near Dirschau ) received the village of Schoritz in 1339 on condition that farmers populate it and give the church six hooves .
Other early spellings are "Scorz" 1354, "Schortz" 1458, "Skorcz" 1570 and "Skurcz" 1596.
Some researchers suspect the derivation of today's name from the Kashubian “szpaka” / “skore”, meaning star or skin. The star is also incorporated into the coat of arms along with a griffin . An old Skórcz legend is entitled "Griffin, Star and Child". It says that a noble eagle snatched a kidnapped child from the robber in an aerial fight and thus saved it.
Archaeological finds show that the area was already around 2500–1700 BC. Was inhabited. In the city there were three random archaeological finds from the Hallstatt period (650–400 BC). From this it is concluded that the Scurgum of Germania magna or today's Skórcz is one of the oldest settlements in what is now Pomerania . The place Skórcz expects to be over 2000 years old. It is also believed that there was a first wooden church in the early Middle Ages .
It is known that since Roman times, commercial trade on the amber roads from the Mediterranean to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the amber fields in the land of the Aesten / Prussians led.
Repeated attempts have appeared since the 10th century Polans / Poland to conquer the Pomorskie / Pomerania and Prussians, the country, the Poles did several times in the area around the site. During the Thirteen Years' War , a bloody battle was fought near Skórcz in August 1457, in which the Polish army (around 300 people) was able to win a victory over the Teutonic Order (a serious moral issue for the further conduct of the war). About 50 people were killed on the side of the Teutonic Order and about 30 were taken prisoner by the Poles.
After the Peace of Thorn in 1466, western Prussian Skorcz developed into a royal village. In 1570 it was considered an important trading center . 30 farmers, nine handicraft workshops, two taverns, a stable, a wine producer and a water mill were counted. This development was affected by the destruction in the course of the two Swedish wars ( 1626-1629 and 1655-1660 ). King Władysław IV confirmed the village's privilege with a document dated July 6, 1645 , and John III. Sobieski gave him a water mill (in 1818 the miller Rudolf Werht was granted the privilege to operate water-powered mill wheels).
When western and eastern Prussia were reunified into a single government during the partition of Poland in 1772, there was, as in other parts of West Prussia, a large proportion of the Polish language in Skorcz. For example, in 1773 out of 513 inhabitants, only 106 were German-speaking. The Prussians carried out the Germanization with great zeal in the following period.
A high point in the history of the city was the establishment of the post office in 1823. In 1833, Superintendent Kriese, Preussisch Stargard , suggested the establishment of a separate Protestant parish system for Skurz and the surrounding area.
In 1867, 1702 people lived in 200 houses, including 1318 Catholics (mainly Polish -speaking) , 348 Protestants and 35 Jews (mainly German-speaking).
There was a small water mill (rebuilt in 1909), a brewery , two windmills, a sawmill , a carpentry, a brick and ceramic factory and a pharmacy, as well as a doctor. The district court met once a month . Skurz was also the administrative seat of the settlements Boraszewo, Good Knight Kręg, Mieliczek (village) and Rysowo (yard).
Unemployment was a major problem at the time. Around 150 people set off from Skórcz in the years 1867–1885 in search of work and emigrated. As a result, the population fell to 1,555 in August. It wasn't until later that there was a positive change again when communication was developed. In the years 1885–1887, the Stargard (now Starogard Gdański ) road connection was restored. Skórcz also received a rail connection with Prussian Stargard (1903-1905) and Schmentau (1902) and Czersk (1908) .
In Skórcz there were Polish organizations and institutions that fought against Germanization: Towarzystwo Śpiewu "Lutnia", Towarzystwo Czytelni Ludowych, Towarzystwo Ludowe, Zjednoczenie Zawodowe Polskie (Lute Choral Society, Reading Society, Folklore Association and Federation of Professional Polish) .
In 1886 the first Volksbank in Pomerania was opened in Skórcz .
In 1875 Skórcz had 1,924, 1880 2,048, 1890 2,016, 1905 2,479 and 1910 2,863 inhabitants.
After the Treaty of Versailles , the Polish army returned to Skórcz on January 27, 1920, with a local battalion of the Civil Guard . In the period from September 3, 1920 to June 30, 1921, this consisted mainly of workers under the command of Sylwester Langowski. During this time little has changed for the better in Skórcz. There was also unemployment , hunger and misery here, which led to demonstrations against the government. These reached their peak on April 8, 1934, when around 400 to 500 people, led by the local labor leader Jan Kiedrowskiego, threw stones at police officers.
From 1939 to 1942 Skórcz was initially called Skurz again , then Groß Wollenthal and from 1942 to 1945 Großwollental . After the invasion of the Red Army and the end of World War II in 1945, the German part of the population was expelled.
From 1975 to 1998 Skórcz was administratively part of the Gdansk Voivodeship .
traffic
In the Skórcz station, the Skórcz – Skarszewy line branched off from the Smętowo – Szlachta line .
sons and daughters of the town
- Willy Ernst (1878–1937), ministerial director and co-founder of the customs border guard
- Katarzyna Gdaniec (* 1965) ballet dancer and choreographer.
Rural municipality of Skórcz
The rural community of Skórcz, to which the city itself does not belong, covers an area of 96.63 km² and has 4585 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
literature
- Road map Poland. Western Pomerania. Köslin-Stolp-Danzig . Höfer Verlag
- Matthias Blazek: "Genealogy of the Blazek family - the way to the Ruhr area was covered in the Wilhelmine era", in: Genealogie - German journal for family history , vol. XXXI / 61. Year, issue 1 / January – March 2012, p. 34 ff.
Web links
- History of Skórcz (with old photos), skorczmojemiasto.republika.pl
- Gmina Miejska Skórcz: Website of the City of Skórcz
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the municipality, Burmistrz Miasta , accessed on March 11, 2015
- ↑ West-East Prussia Map 1886 Skurz, south of Danzig, District Pr. Stargard, Black Forest, Wollenthal .
- ^ Karl Müller [us] (ed.): Klaudios Ptolemaios, Geographike hyphegesis (Claudii Ptolemjei Geographia), Paris 1883-1901.
- ↑ Prussian Document Book, ed. on behalf of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research, Vol. 2 (1309–1335), Munich 1961, Urk. 202 and 295. The Commander of Engelsburg arranged for Skurz and Grabau awards in 1339 and 1354.
- ↑ Old Prussian Monthly, Vol. 6, Königsberg 1869, p. 269, with reference to an oral message from the landowner Rüß at Rüßhof.
- ↑ See Kazimierz Rymut: Nazwy miast Polski, Wrocław 1980, p. 219.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k "Historia Skórcza", skorczmojemiasto.republika.pl ( Memento of the original from November 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ In detail: The messenger of the Evangelical Association of the Gustav Adolf Foundation, sent by Karl Großmann and Karl Zimmermann, seventh year, Darmstadt 1849, p. 140.
- ↑ www.westpreussen.de. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Municipalities: Skórcz (Skurz) | Starogard Gdański (Prussian Stargard) . Urban and rural communities: Czarna Woda (Schwarzwasser) | Skarszewy (Schöneck in West Prussia) . Rural municipalities: Bobowo (Bobau) | Kaliska (Dreidorf) | Lubichowo (Lubichow) | Osieczna (Hagenort) | Osiek (Osseck) | Skórcz | Smętowo Graniczne (Schmentau) | Starogard Gdański | Zblewo (Hochstüblau) .