Warpuny
| Warpuny | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Mrągowo | ||
| Gmina : | Sorkwity | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 55 ' N , 21 ° 10' E | ||
| Residents : | 480 (2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 11-731 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NMR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Sorkwity / DK 16 - Stary Gieląd - Zyndaki ↔ Burszewo - Wola / ext . 590 | ||
| Gizewo ↔ Szymanowo / ext. 590 | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Warpuny [ varˈpunɨ ] ( German Warpuhnen ) is a village in the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship within the rural community Sorkwity ( German Sorquitten ) in the Powiat Mrągowski ( Sensburg District ), Poland .
Geographical location
Warpuny is located on the north bank of the Jezioro Warpuńskie ( German Großer Weißstein-See or Großer Sonntagscher See ) in the middle of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , eleven kilometers northwest of the district town of Mrągowo ( German Sensburg ).
history
Foundation and name of the place
The establishment of the place Warpuhnen in East Prussia in the source area of the Kruttinna ( Polish Krutynia ) goes back to the 22nd Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Winrich von Kniprode (approx. 1310-1382), who divided up the local property of the order as part of the colonization and on January 25, 1373 the freehold Wersteinen partially assigned to the Prussian noble Sanglobe and his sons Warpune, Medite, Glabune and Permog as a fiefdom.
historical development
In 1785 Warpuhnen was called "a köllmisch village on Lake Weiß with 26 fireplaces". On April 8, 1874, the village became Amtsdorf, giving its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and belonged to the Sensburg district in the Gumbinnen district (from 1905: Allenstein district ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Warpuhnen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Warpuhnen, 380 people voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland did not vote.
In consequence of the war in 1945 Warpuhnen came with the entire southern East Prussia to Poland and received the Polish form of the name "Warpuny". Today the village is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ) and as such a place in the network of the rural community Sorkwity (Sorquitten) in the Powiat Mrągowski ( Sensburg district ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then assigned to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .
Population numbers
| year | number |
|---|---|
| 1818 | 191 |
| 1839 | 335 |
| 1871 | 488 |
| 1885 | 533 |
| 1905 | 575 |
| 1910 | 579 |
| 1933 | 573 |
| 1939 | 578 |
| 2011 | 480 |
Warpuhnen District (1874–1945)
When it was established, the Warpuhnen district consisted of four villages; in the end there were two:
| Surname | Changed name from 1938 to 1945 |
Polish name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bothau | Bałowo | 1928 in the church Sunday incorporated | |
| Schellongowken | Schillingshöfen | Szelągówka | Incorporated in Surmowen in 1920 |
| Sunday | Zyndaki | ||
| Warpoon | Warpuny |
On January 1, 1945, only the communities of Sonntag and Warpuhnen formed the Warpuhnen district.
Churches
The Protestant church is a parish church built in 1881/82 as a red brick building of the Protestant parish founded in 1866 with neo-Gothic (buttresses, spire) and neo-Romanesque (arched windows) style elements. The Catholic parish church of the Catholic parish, founded in 1938, was built in 1923/24 as a neo-baroque plastered building on a high field stone base.
Evangelical parish
Church history
In order to ensure better pastoral care for the growing population, 23 new parishes with their own places of worship were founded in East Prussia between 1853 and 1893. The Evangelical Lutheran parish Warpuhnen was founded with a parish deed of June 17, 1866 from 18 localities that had previously been parishes in the parishes of Bäslack, Rössel, Bischofsburg, Sorquitten, Sensburg and Seehesten. Warpuhnen belonged within the church province of East Prussia to the diocese of Sensburg in the Prussian administrative district of Gumbinnen (until 1905) and Allenstein (1905 to 1945). The Protestant church service initially took place in the schools of Warpuhnen and the surrounding areas. On June 17, 1881, the foundation stone was laid for the new church building, which was inaugurated on August 8, 1882. The first pastor of the new church was Pastor Borkowski (1881–1885). The service was held in German and Polish or Masurian , which the local population mostly spoke at that time. Services in Masurian were held only once a month by Pastor Erich Schimba, who held the German-language church service until 1945, until Masurian was banned as a church language at the end of 1939 - due to the displacement of Masurian by (Low) German. After that, services could only be held in Polish, but the congregation insisted on singing the hymns in German. Pastoral care was carried out from Sorquitten by the pastors of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland (Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski w Polsce) Alfred Jagucki (1914-2004) and Wilhelm Firla (1915-1990). As a result of war, flight, displacement and resettlement of the German population, there is no longer a separate Protestant community in today's Warpuny (unlike in nearby Sorkwity). While the parish still had more than 2,000 parish members in the early 1950s (after more than 4,000 before the Second World War), the number fell drastically since 1957 due to the fact that resettlement became possible and was only 16 when Pastor Mutschmann took office in 1986 use and preservation of the church, which today belongs to the diocese of Mazury (Diecezja mazurska). On the initiative of the Association of “Friends of Masuria”, a festive service was held on April 24, 2016 to mark the 150th year of the parish's foundation.
Parish places
Until 1945 the parish Warpuhnen belonged to 18 villages, localities and residential areas:
| Surname | Polish name | Surname | Polish name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bothau | Bałowo | Samkowen | Zamkowo | |
| * Burschewen 1938–1945 Prusshöfen |
Burszewo | * Schellongowken 1938–1945 Schillingshöfen |
Szelągówka | |
| Dürwangen | Wola | * Siemanowen 1938–1945 Altensiedel |
Szymanowo | |
| * Giesewen 1938–1845 Giesenau |
Gizewo | Sunday | Zyndaki | |
| * Gonswen | Gązwa | * Spiegel-Jeesau | ||
| Groß Ottern 1928–1945 Ottern |
Otry | Spieglowken 1938–1945 Spiegelswalde |
Śpiglówka | |
| Little otters | Oterki | Surmowen 1938–1945 Surmau |
Surmówka | |
| Small trunk | Stamka | * Warpoon | Warpuny | |
| * Loszainen 1936–1945 Loßainen |
Łężany | * Controversy | Widryny |
The parish Warpuhnen existed only until 1945. After that, the places were transferred to the parish Sorkwity , which now looks after the Warpuny church.
Pastor
At the Protestant Church of Warpuhnen officiated as clergy:
- Oskar Adolf Hugo Hensel, 1874–1875
- Julius Nieszytka, 1876–1878
- Ludwig August Ernst Borkowski, 1881–1885
- Franz Theodor Engelhardt, 1886
- Paul Gottlieb Kelch, 1887–1900
- Johann Franz Pilchowski, 1900–1901
- Max Rauer, 1901-1934
- Erich Szimba, 1935–1945
Warpuny has not had its own parish since 1945. The pastors in Sorkwity take care of the church.
Church building
With its original structure, preserved painting and interior fittings, the church is a unique testimony to the state Prussian church building in the tradition of the Schinkel Building School in the late 19th century. It was built as a state building by the Prussian Ministry of Public Works and should therefore based on drafts of the church building council Friedrich Adler . Adler graduated from the Schinkel School and, as a longstanding Prussian church building department head (1877–1900), had a decisive influence on the entire Prussian sacred architecture of the late 19th century. Based on his sketches and drafts, more than 300 church buildings were built, including a. the Jerusalem Church of the Redeemer , the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Bromberg (Kościół pw. Piotra i Pawła, Bydgoszcz) and the Berlin Thomas Church .
Building description
The church was built to shape the landscape on a hill sloping towards the Großer Sonntagschen See according to the formal requirements of the Eisenach regulation of 1861 (east facing of the church, elongated rectangular floor plan, Gothic design language, raised chancel, etc.). The top of the octagonal gothic spire is crowned by a globe under the cross. In the Zeitschrift für Bauwesen of 1881 the construction of the building is described as follows: “The church in Warpuhnen, shown in plan and gable view on sheet 61, is also built with rounded shapes in the shell, but without shaped bricks, 23 × 12.9 m in size and with a single nave. The buttresses of the longitudinal front going into fighters height in addition to the coupled windows pilasters over; the apse and sacristy with hipped roofs adjoin the east gable . The tower, 30 m high up to the cornice , ends with gables and is crowned with an 8-sided wooden helmet. The ship receives a ceiling like No. 1 [sloping wooden ceiling] at a height of 8.4 to 10.4 m above the floor ”. The total cost estimate for the building is 60,500 Reichsmarks, the number of seats is given as a total of 664 (430 in the ship, 152 on the gallery, 82 for children), the construction costs per seat are calculated at 91 Reichsmarks.
Interior and equipment
The walls of the polygonal apse, which closes the nave in an easterly direction, are accentuated in the upper round arch area by colored glazed round windows (oculi). Arched blue apse sky with stars, painting of the chancel with floral and geometric ornamentation. The middle round window of the apse shows an isosceles Greek cross , the left window the inscription “I am the truth and the life - Moses”, the right window motif symbolizes the sacrament of the Lord's Supper with the chalice and ear of wheat. Further ornamental window motifs are taken from the Christian plant symbolism: evergreen ivy as a symbol of loyalty, immortality and eternal life; the vine with tendril and grape as a Christ symbol. The altarpiece made of neo-Gothic carving shows the resurrection of Christ in the center. The motif and execution of the painting (illegible signature with the year 1890) resemble the altarpiece by the late Nazarene Protestant church artist Bernhard Plockhorst (1825–1907) in Berlin's Immanuel Church, who was then famous for his depictions of Christ . To the left of the altar is the pulpit with stairs, to the right of it the free-standing octagonal baptismal font with neo-Gothic decor. The two 18-armed ceiling chandeliers, crucifix, antependia and numerous song boards have also been preserved from the furnishings. The flooring of the nave consists of square terrazzo tiles in the chancel, central and cross aisles, in the edge and seating areas of bricks in a stretcher. Galleries on wooden stands. The church has a coke hot air heating system, which replaced two coal stoves that were originally built in the 1930s.
organ
On the west gallery is the organ ( currently not playable due to damage caused by vandalism and theft) with a simple late classicist prospect from the organ building workshop August Terletzki (Elbing) with 13 sounding stops for two manuals and pedal. The instrument from 1882 is Opus 113 from the series of over 400 organs built by the company. Brochure with ornamental carving (vine tendrils, acanthus frieze , palmettes - acroteries on the gable corners). The gable ridge is crowned by a winged angel's head. Angels or puttos, which at the same time symbolize childlike innocence, were already associated with music in early Christian art. Accordingly, the angel's head motif is repeated on the door handles of the two side entrances to the church, which lead to the west gallery with the organ.
Mechanical grinding charging one System (windbox with Tonventilen and partly individually placed Tonkanzellen ). Sliding drawer valves with leather pulpeten . Solid wave board with metal waves, wood abstract . Scoop bellows under the magazine bellows. Partially silent whistles in the prospectus.
Disposition (in the order of the stops ):
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Bells
Of the three bells in the tower from the construction period, two fell victim to the metal collection of the First World War and had to be handed in to be melted down in 1917. They were replaced by new bronze bells in 1924, which only survived being melted down during the Second World War because the Komossa municipality buried the bells instead of delivering them. Excavated again in the 1950s, they were later given to the evangelical community of Cisownica ( German Zeislowitz ) in Cieszyn Silesia ( Polish Śląsk Cieszyński ) for the church that was newly built there on the initiative of Pastor Wilhelm Firla . The bell inscriptions are taken from the Christmas Gospel Luke 2, 1–20 and are in the order of the bell size: (I.) “Glory to God in the highest”, (II.) “Peace on earth”, (III.) “With the People of his pleasure ”.
Catholic parish
history
Warpuhnen belonged to the parish of Heiligelinde by means of a parish decree of January 18, 1861. The Warpuhn parish of St. Antonius v. Padua was founded around 1938 from six villages of the Heiligelinde parish with around 400 believers and since 1939 it has belonged to the newly established dean's office in the diocese of Warmia.
Pastor
- Kurt Fleissner (1927–?)
- Gerhard Rost (? –1945).,
- Rajmund Jodko (2016)
Church building
Between 1922 and 1923, the provost had Heiligelinde under the direction of the future wife Burger Domkapitulars Anton Krause, the Catholic parish church of St. Anthony of Padua by the architect Georg Quednow (1868 - after 1937) from Guttstadt ( Dobre Miasto ) neo-baroque as bright stucco building with a high stone pedestal in Build style. Quednow was a student of Conrad Wilhelm Hase , the founder of the Hanover School of Architecture , and worked in Guttstadt as an architect and building contractor. He led numerous Catholic church building projects in Warmia , u. a. the renovation work on Guttstadt Cathedral (1895) and the construction of the neo-Gothic St. Laurentius Basilica in Stolzhagen (Kochanówka) 1911-18. In 1929, together with the Warmian bishop Augustinus Bludau (1862–1930), he was given honorary citizenship for the 600th anniversary of his native town. It is also known that he paid his last respects to Felix Halpern, the chairman of the Jewish community in Guttstadt who died in 1937, as the only official representative and city elder. The church was consecrated on September 12, 1934 by Bludau's successor, Bishop Maximilian Kaller (1880–1947).
The first pastor was Kurt Fleissner in 1927. The last German pastor was Gerhard Rost in 1945. The Świętego Antoniego Padewskiego Parafia is now part of the Mragowo I dean's office in the Archidiecezja Warmińska (Archdiocese of Warmia).
traffic
Warpuny is on a side road that branches off at Sorkwity (Sorquitten) from the Polish state road 16 (former German Reichsstraße 127 ) and via Stary Gieląd (Alt Gehland) and Zyndaki (Sonntag) to Burszewo (Burschewen , 1938 to 1945 Prusshöfen) and on to Wola (Dürwangen) at Voiwodschaftsstrasse 590 . Within Warpuny the street is crossed by a side street that connects Gizewo (Giesewen , 1938 to 1945 Giesenau) with Szymanowo (Siemanowen , 1938 to 1945 Altensiedel) - not far from Voivodship Street 590.
There is no connection to rail traffic .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1325
- ↑ Text of the deed reproduced . In: Sensburger Heimatbrief . 1973, For the 600 year existence of Warpuhnen, Sonntag, Bothau and Schillingshöfen 1373–1973., P. 4 .
- ^ Max Toeppen: Masuria. A contribution to the Prussian state and cultural history . 1870, p. 100 ( books.google.de ).
- ↑ a b Warpuhnen at GenWiki
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Warpuhnen district
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 116
- ↑ Wieś Warpuny w liczbach
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia . tape 1 . Göttingen 1968, p. 369 .
- ↑ Regulation No. 333 . In: Official Gazette of the District President in Gumbinnen . No. 26 . Gumbinnen June 27, 1866, p. 205 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de [accessed on February 23, 2018]).
- ↑ Agathon Harnoch: History and Statistics of the Protestant churches in the provinces of East and West Prussia . 1890, p. 353 f .
- ↑ Friedwald Möller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the expulsion in 1945 . Hamburg 1986, p. 146 .
- ↑ Agathon Harnoch : History and Statistics of the Protestant churches in the provinces of East and West Prussia . S. 354 ("3419 souls, 2400 Poles".).
- ^ Andreas Kossert: "Grenzlandpolitik" and Ostforschung on the periphery of the empire . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . (A) 51, 2003, p. 142 f . ( ifz-muenchen.de [PDF]).
- ↑ Erich Schimba: For the 100th anniversary of the parish Warpuhnen . In: Sensburger Heimatbrief . 1974, p. 29 f .
- ^ A b Information from Pastor Fryderyk Tegler, Scharnebeck, on February 28, 2016.
- ↑ Manfred Buchholz: A church that is no longer needed . In: Sensburger Heimatbrief . 2012, p. 31 .
- ^ Information from Pastor Krzystof Mutschmann, Sorkwity, from April 23, 2016.
- ↑ Manfred Buchholz: A church that is no longer needed . In: Sensburger Heimatbrief . 2012, p. 32 .
- ^ Website of the Friends of Masuria Association V. In: freunde-masurens.de. Retrieved February 23, 2018 .
- ^ Photo gallery of the festival service for the 150th year of the parish's foundation. Retrieved January 23, 2018 .
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 501
- ↑ The * indicates a school location
- ↑ Friedwald Möller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the expulsion in 1945 . Hamburg 1968, p. 146 f .
- ^ Information from Peter Lemburg, Berlin.
- ^ Peter Lemburg: Johannes Heinrich Friedrich Adler . In: Berlinische Lebensbilder . tape 11 : Builders - engineers - garden architects . Berlin 2016, p. 119 ff . (Ders .: Life and work of the learned Berlin architect Friedrich Adler (1827–1908). Dissertation, Free University of Berlin, 1989).
- ^ Peter Lemburg: Johannes Heinrich Friedrich Adler . In: Berlinische Lebensbilder . tape 11 : Builders - engineers - garden architects . Berlin 2016, p. 127 .
- ↑ Compilation of the more remarkable Prussian state buildings, which were in the process of being carried out in 1880 . In: Journal of Construction . Berlin 1881, Sp. 459-480 ( www-docs.tu-cottbus.de [PDF]). www-docs.tu-cottbus.de ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Atlas to the journal for building industry, vol. XXXI, p. 61.
- ↑ Agathon Harnoch: History and Statistics of the Protestant churches in the provinces of East and West Prussia . 1890, goblet-shaped pulpit with precious carving [1297 Mk.], P. 354 .
- ↑ Wiktor Z. Łyjak: Catalog reklamowy firmy organmistrzowskiej "August Terletzki" z Elbląga (1857-1908), Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie . No. 1 , 1999, p. 43–63 (55) with further evidence ( bazhum.muzhp.pl [PDF]).
- ↑ In 1917 the Protestant churches in the administrative districts of Allenstein, Gumbinnen and Königsberg delivered a total of 427 bells weighing 167,176 kilograms, cf. Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 1, Göttingen 1968, p. 426.
- ↑ Erich Schimba: For the 100th anniversary of the parish Warpuhnen . In: Sensburger Heimatbrief . 1974, p. 29 f .
- ^ Website of the ev. Cisownica parish with pictures of the bells when they were transferred. Retrieved January 23, 2018 (Polish).
- ↑ Regulation No. 28 . In: Official Gazette of the royal Prussian government in Gumbinnen . No. 5 , January 30, 1861, p. 48 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de [accessed on February 23, 2018]).
- ^ Church gazette for the Diocese of Warmia . tape 1 , 1939.
- ↑ a b Fritz Bredenberg (ed.): The district of Sensburg. From the estate of Dr. Paul Glaß (= East German contributions from the Göttingen working group . Volume XV ). Würzburg 1960, p. 187 .
- ^ Fritz Bredenberg (ed.): The district of Sensburg. From the estate of Dr. Paul Glaß (= East German contributions from the Göttingen working group . Volume XV ). Würzburg 1960, p. 186 f .
- ↑ Home letter for the Heilsberg district . No. 9 . Cologne 2000, p. 6 .
- ↑ Home letter of the Heilsberg district community . No. 15 . Cologne 2013, p. 74 .
- ^ Aloys Sommerfeld: Jews in Warmia - Their Fate after 1933 . In: Magazine for the history and archeology of Warmia . Supplement, No. 10 , 1991, pp. 101 .
