Galiny (Bartoszyce)
| Galiny | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Bartoszyce | ||
| Gmina : | Bartoszyce | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 10 ' N , 20 ° 50' E | ||
| Residents : | 910 | ||
| Postal code : | 11-214 Galiny | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NBA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 57 : Kleszewo - Szczytno - Biskupiec ↔ Bartoszyce | ||
| Maszewy / ext. 592 ↔ Kerwiny / ext. 513 | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Galiny ( German Gallingen ) is a Polish town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural municipality of Bartoszyce .
geography
The place is in the north of the voivodeship, ten kilometers south of the city of Bartoszyce ( Bartenstein ). The state road 57 leads through it from Bartoszyce to Biskupiec (Bishop's Castle) . The border with the Russian region of Kaliningrad (Koenigsberg) is 25 kilometers away. To the west of the village, which is touched by the Alle tributary Pissa, there is an approximately 20 km² forest area.
history
Gallingen, first mentioned in writing in 1336, was under the control of the Balga Commandery of the Teutonic Order as an interest village . He had conquered the country around a hundred years ago and built a castle in nearby Bartenstein to consolidate his influence. In the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) there was destruction, which also included the church built in 1388. It was rebuilt immediately after the end of the war. The previously insignificant agricultural settlement , mainly inhabited by Prussians and protected by a wooden moated castle, was again mentioned in a document dated April 3, 1468, with which the reigning Grand Master Heinrich Reuss von Plauen gave the village to Wend von Ileburg, a knight from Saxony with a mill and 114 Hufen land as payment for his mercenary services in the Thirteen Years' War . His descendants later called themselves zu Eulenburg and, in addition to Gallingen, owned other goods in Wicken near Preussisch Eylau , Leunenburg and Prassen, both in the Rastenburg district and developed different lines according to their possessions. The Frauenburg canon Gottfried Heinrich zu Eulenburg (1670–1734) comes from the Gallinger line . In 1786 the zu Eulenburgs were raised to the rank of count.
In 1589, the construction of a manor house initiated by Botho zu Eulenburg was completed. Remnants of the old moated castle were integrated into the building. In 1745 the first extensive renovation of the manor took place, with which the three-winged complex that still exists today was created. At the beginning of the 19th century, Gut Gallingen owned 5,100 acres of land. The owner at the time, Count Alexander Ernst zu Eulenburg, was a lieutenant colonel of the East Prussian 1st Leib-Hussar Regiment No. 1 . Belonging to the Kingdom of Prussia since 1701 , Gallingen was assigned to the Friedland district (later renamed Bartenstein district ) on the occasion of an administrative reform on February 1, 1818 . In 1839 the manor house was damaged by fire. Its owner at the time, Ludwig Botho zu Eulenburg, took this as an opportunity to rebuild the facility again. The left wing of the building was given a neo-Gothic shape and two towers. His son Botho Ernst had a four-hectare landscape park laid out at the manor house.
With a renewed Prussian administrative reform in 1874 Gallingen became the seat of the administrative district of the same name , to which the village and the manor district belonged. The first head of office was the chief inspector of the Eulenburg estate. From 1883 to 1905 the Eulenburg counts exercised the office themselves. In 1910 the district had 743 inhabitants, of which 298 were in the manor district. Botho-Wendt zu Eulenburg , who later became a member of the Reichstag, commissioned the Silesian architect Graf Hochberg to renovate the manor house again in 1921. The neo-Gothic changes from 1839 were withdrawn and the building ensemble was given a neo-baroque design. After the incorporation of the manor district into the rural community of Gallingen, it had 814 inhabitants in 1933 and thus reached the highest population figure until the outbreak of the Second World War. When at the end of 1944 numerous refugee treks were moving through East Prussia, Count Botho-Wendt made the entire estate complex available to the refugees moving through Gallingen as a stopover. He himself was arrested in January 1945 after the Red Army took the property and died on the way to deportation . Most of the inhabitants of Gallingen also died while fleeing to the west. The manor house was completely looted and the interior furnishings in the courtyard were burned.
In May 1945 the village was placed under Polish administration and was given the name Galiny. From 1946 to 1954 and then again from 1973 to 1977 it was an independent rural community ( Gmina wiejska ). After that it was assigned to the rural municipality of Bartoszyce. A summer camp for Warsaw children was set up in the former manor house in 1946. After it was taken over by the Polish state treasury, users and management changed until it and the park fell into disrepair in the 1980s. In 1995, Polish investors from Warsaw began to rebuild the facility as "Pałac Galiny" and to set up a hotel and a stud. In 2006 Galiny had 910 inhabitants.
Religions
Church building
The Gallinger Church was built around 1470 in its current form in the Gothic style after the previous building was destroyed (from 1350). The remains of the old church were converted into a choir and the new nave was added to the west, mainly made of field stones. The four-story brick tower was built in 1500. It was not given its stepped gable, which is typical of the landscape, until 1857. In the same year the windows were replaced and a coffered ceiling was installed inside. The high altar was carved by the Bartenstein sculptor Döbert in 1744 and gilded by the Königsberg painter Rindfleisch in 1752. The pulpit connected to the altar has been lost. Around 1600 Botho zu Eulenburg donated a valuable patronage chair . The gallery built in 1601 and the baroque organ were removed from the church after the Second World War. The library, donated by Canon Gottfried Heinrich zu Eulenburg in 1728, which at last owned several thousand volumes and one of the oldest editions of the Sachsenspiegel , was also lost after 1945.
The church was a Protestant place of worship until 1945 and was then handed over to the Catholic Church. She rededicated the building and gave it the name Kościół św. Wniebowzięca NMP (Church of the Assumption ).
Parish
Gallingen was an old church village and as such already existed in the pre-Reformation period. The Reformation arrived early. Gallingen belonged initially to inspect Bartenstein, the parish village was most recently in the parish of Friedland (now Russian: Prawdinsk), renamed the church district Bartenstein (today Polish: Bartoszyce) incorporated. He belonged to the church province of East Prussia of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Today a predominantly Catholic population lives in Galiny. The place is still the parish seat, and the branch community Szwaruny (Groß Schwaraunen) is assigned . He belongs to the deanery Bartoszyce in the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Catholic Church in Poland . Protestant church members living here are incorporated into the parish in Bartoszyce, which is a branch parish of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) and belongs to the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Auigsburg Church in Poland .
Parish locations (until 1945)
The parish of Gallingen belonged to 12 villages until 1945:
| German name | Polish name | German name | Polish name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arthurswalde | Kadyki | King's | Króle | |
| Charlottenberg | Klekotki | Minten | Minty | |
| Dietrichswalde | Ciemna Wola | Quosses | Kosy | |
| Gallingen | Galiny | Tingen | Tynga | |
| Grommels | Gromki | Wang rides | Węgoryty | |
| Klein Gallingen | Galinki | Zander bark | Borki Sędrowskie |
Pastor (until 1945)
From the Reformation to 1945, 19 evangelical clergy were in office in Gallingen:
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Sons and daughters (selection)
- Botho-Wendt zu Eulenburg (1883–1945), landowner and politician
literature
- Małgorzata Jackiewic-Garniec, Mirosław Garniec: Castles and manor houses in the former East Prussia (Polish part). Saved or lost cultural property? With a foreword by Marion Countess Dönhoff . German edition. Studio Arta, Olsztyn 2001, ISBN 83-912840-3-4 .
Web links
- Gallingen Church at ostpreussen.net
- History of the zu Eulenburg family (PDF; 5.2 MB)
- Website of the Pałac Galiny (pl, de, en)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Place directory / parishes of Bartenstein district ( memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968, p. 39.
