Osjorsk (Kaliningrad)

city Osjorsk Darkehmen / Angerapp Озёрск coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Kaliningrad Rajon Osjorsk First mention 1615 Earlier names Darkehmen (until 1938) Angerapp (1938–1946) City since 1726 surface 12  km² population 4740 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 395 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 80  m Time zone UTC + 2 Telephone code (+7) 40142 Post Code 238120 License Plate 39, 91 OKATO 27 227 501 Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 25 ′  N , 22 ° 1 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  N , 22 ° 1 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Osjorsk ( Russian Озёрск for "city by the lake", German Darkehmen or 1938–1946 Angerapp , Lithuanian Darkiemis , Polish Darkiejmy ) is a small town in the south of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad .

The city is the administrative center of Osjorsk Raion and the administrative seat of the Osjorsk District Municipality .

Geographical location

The city is located in the historical region of East Prussia on the Angerapp ( Angrapa ) river, about 30 kilometers southeast of the city of Insterburg ( Tschernjachowsk ).

history

Darkehmen east-southeast of the city of Königsberg i. Pr. And southeast of the city of Insterburg on a map from 1908

In a document from the year 1615 it is mentioned that the Krugrecht in Dorekheim (Darkehmen) was acquired on November 30, 1604 by a Hans Lengnick. The place name was Dargekeyem in 1539 and refers to the humidity of the Angerapp . It is derived from the Prussian “dargis” and “caymis, kaims” and literally means “the rainy village”. There was a Prussian fortification nearby and a pagan place of worship on the road to Insterburg, the so-called “Potrimpos-Berg”. The three main Prussian gods Perkunos , Potrimpos and Patolos were hung on the “Dreigötterkrug” as pub signs . The place was at a conveniently located crossing over the Angerapp. In 1615 the first church, a half-timbered building, was built. The first school for Darkehmen was established in 1706. By a royal patent from January 10th, 1726 Darkehmen received city rights.

In the middle of the 18th century the old church building had become so dilapidated that it had to be demolished in 1752. A new church was built from its stones, which was consecrated on September 15, 1754. At that time, around 1,000 people lived in the city, including numerous immigrants from the Salzburg region , whose settlement the Prussian state had initiated. The Seven Years' War left the city with a loss of 5,911 thalers. In 1732 the “Royal Stud Office” was founded nearby, which later became the main Trakehnen stud . On May 5, 1777, the citizens of Darkehmen laid the foundation stone for their town hall, which was completed after a year of construction.

Preserved German building fabric in the former Darkehmen (Angerapp)

Marketplace

Due to the Prussian administrative order of 1815, Darkehmen became the district town of the district of the same name in 1818 . The population had meanwhile increased to 2,000.

In 1836 the church building had to be closed again due to dilapidation, the third new building was inaugurated on October 9, 1842.

In 1878 it was connected to the Insterburg – Goldap – Lyck railway line ; however, the station for Darkehmen was three kilometers away in Ströpken ( Darkehmen / Angerapp -Ost). Only in 1913 did the city get its own train station ( Darkehmen / Angerapp -West) on the Gumbinnen – Angerburg railway line .

In 1886 the electric street lighting was installed; it was the first in all of East Prussia. The city power station was built in 1907. At the beginning of the 20th century, Darkehmen had a Protestant church, a synagogue , brass goods and machine manufacturing, grain trade and cattle and horse markets. Even after the flourishing of new industries at the beginning of the 20th century, Darkehmen remained predominantly an agricultural town. Cloth makers and mills also created additional jobs.

Town hall and post office around 1910

former post office

During the First World War , the city had to be evacuated in 1914. It was pillaged and pillaged by Russian troops on August 23, 1914.

As part of the National Socialist renaming campaign , the city was renamed Angerapp in 1938 . The 1939 census found 4,336 inhabitants.

In 1945 the city belonged to the district of Angerapp in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the province of East Prussia of the German Empire .

During the Second World War , the townspeople had to flee from the advancing Soviet front in October 1944 . On January 22, 1945, the city was finally captured by the Red Army .

After the war ended, the city came under Soviet administration and was renamed Osjorsk in 1946 . The railway lines, which were badly damaged in the war, were not rebuilt. After 1950 the two places Prigorodnoje (Bidszuhnen / Bidenteich) and Setschenowo (Menturren) were incorporated into Osjorsk. From 2008 to 2014 the urban municipality of Osjorskoye gorodskoje posselenije (ru. Озёрское городское поселение) with the city of Osjorsk and the place Ushakowo . Since then, Osjorsk has been the seat of the local self-government unit of the Osjorsk District , to which all of the villages in the Osjorsk district belong.

The Angerapp with a barrage in the city

Population development

until 1945

year	Residents	Remarks
1754	approx. 1,000
1782	approx. 1,600	without the garrison (a squadron of hussars )
1816	1,724
1831	2.223	mostly descendants of French and Salzburg refugees, in 125 residential buildings
1875	2,924
1880	2.983
1890	3,448
1900	3,534	with the garrison (an infantry battalion No. 45), mostly Evangelicals
1925	3,375
1933	3,652
1939	4,377	including 163 Catholics and 64 Jews

since 1945

year	Residents	Remarks
1959	3,832
1970	4,517
1979	6,047
1989	6.219
2002	5,801
2010	4,740	on October 14, 2010.

former Evangelical Church Darkehmen / Angerapp

Historical coat of arms

Old city coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue on green ground in front of a silver mountain of three a ready-to-fly, gold-armed, black eagle; above the shining sun. "

The city was founded in 1725. The picture above is in the SIGILLVM CIVITAT belonging to this period. DARCKEHMEN and in the city council seal of 1809.

church

Russian Orthodox Church

Most of today's residents in the region are now members of the Russian Orthodox Church , provided they are religiously bound . Osjorsk is located on the territory of the Diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltiysk .

Protestant church

Church building

Remains of the church

There was a Protestant church in Darkehmen as early as 1615 as a half-timbered building . It had to be demolished in 1752 because it was in disrepair. The new building was inaugurated on September 15, 1754. But this building did not last long either and was replaced by a new one from 1836: a Schinkel-style church that was put into service on October 9, 1842. In 1892 the west tower was built.

This church is still in ruins and in a badly battered condition. The rubble that was initially stored in the interior was removed. In 1991 the bells were removed and have not been found since then. In 1994 the roof collapsed. Windows and doors are missing or are partially bricked up. The Bible verse above the altar remained well into the 21st century : “The righteous will live his faith” ( Hab 2,4  EU ).

Darkehmen parish

The parish Darkehmen was created in 1615 and was until 1945 the Church District Darkehmen. Initially, the congregation was looked after by just one clergyman, but from 1796 it received a second pastorate (“ deacon ”), and at the end of the 19th century, auxiliary preachers were also appointed.

Until 1945 the parish of Darkehmen (Angerapp) belonged to the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . There were 41 places in the parish, including nine school locations * (the Russian place names in brackets):

• Alt Thalau (Meschdulessje)
• Auerfluss (Meschduretschje)
• Awiszen *
• Bagdohnen , 1938–1946: Kleinsausreppen (Peski)
• Balschkehmen *, 1938–1946: Balsken (Poretschje)
• Bidszuhnen / Bidschuhnen, 1938–1946: Bidenteich (Prigorodnoje)
• Camanten , 1938–1946: Kamanten (Klimowka)
• Darkehmen *, 1938–1946: Angerapp (Osjorsk)
• Demildszen , 1938–1946: Kleinkamanten (Sebschskoje)
• Emmahof (Bogdanowo)
• Endruschen, 1938–1946: Maiden (Lesnoje)
• Friedrichsfelde (Sapolje)
• Gailboden (Gurjewskoje)
• Large coarse bees (Malaja Klimowka)
• Groß Pelledauen , 1938–1946: Jungferngrund (Minskoye)
• Gudwallen * (Lvovskoye)
• Hallwischken *, 1938–1946: Hallweg (Rjasanskoje)
• Kallnen , 1938–1946: Drachenberg (Novo-Gurjewskoje)
• Klein Bretschkehmen, 1938–1946: Kleinbrettken (Tscheljuskino)
• Klein Darkehmen, 1938–1946: Schimmelhof
• Small coarse bees
• Klein Pelledauen, 1938–1946: Kreuzstein (Fastowo)
• Small ski lacquer
• Kundszicken / Kundschicken, 1938–1946: Sandeck (Schischkino)
• Kunigehlen *, 1938–1946: Stroppau
  (Otradnoje)
• Mallenuppen , 1938–1946: Gembern (Sadoroschje)
• Menturren (Setschenowo)
• Menzelswalde
• Milk stall (Lesnitschje)
• Muldszehlen / Muldschählen, 1938–1946: Finkenwalde
• Naujeningken, 1938–1946: Kleingudwallen
• Naujocken, 1938–1946: Kleinauerfluss
• New Gudwallen (Iljino)
• New Thalau *
• Ottoberg (Netschajewo)
• Puikwallen, 1938–1946: Schönwall (Timofejewka)
• Schaumburgsfelde (Stavropolskoje)
• Schniepseln, 1938–1946: Schniepen
• Schunkarinn, 1938–1946: Schlieben (Doroschnoje)
• Ströpken (Uschakowo)
• Szameitschen , 1923–1946: Waldhorst
• Weedern (Suworowka)
• Woolhlen (Wolnoje)

The Protestant parish Darkehmen / Angerapp no ​​longer exists since 1945. In the time of the Soviet Union all church life was forbidden.

Church records

From the church registers of the parish Darkehmen from the time before 1945 have been preserved: Baptisms (1852–1888), weddings (1872–1923) and burials (1850–1877), also names of baptisms (1797–1874 / 1935–1944) and Weddings (1715–1887). They are in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin's Kreuzberg district kept

Pastor

At the Protestant Church in Darkehmen officiated as clergy:

• Johann Groß, 1615–1649
• Friedrich Aldus, 1650–1657
• Heinrich Vorhoff, 1657–1701
• Christian Friedrich Vorhoff, 1659–1698
• Johann Heinrich Schöning, 1701–1709
• Johann Wilhelm Vorhoff (son of 3rd),
  1709–1710
• Daniel Funck, 1710
• Christian Insemann, 1711-1729
• Christoph Schöneich, 1729-1730
• Samuel Schöneich, 1730–1731
• Christian Vlochatius, 1732–1774
• Johann Friedrich Koch, 1771–1784
• Carl Wilhelm Glogau, 1783–1795
• Christoph Andreas Wolf, 1796–1801
• Martin Friedrich Nazgardt, 1796–1816
• Christian Ludwig Schultz, 1801-1820
• Christian Friedrich Unspoiled, 1817–1849
• Friedrich Ed. H. Maletius, 1823-1828
• Eduard Gustav Albrecht, 1828–1830
• Otto Leo Caesar Girod, 1830–1837
• Johann Christian Hennig, 1837–1862
• Andreas Rudolf Zippel, 1849–1868
• CF Rudolf Wilimzig, 1862–1868
• Carl Heinrich Fr. Schröder, 1868–1869
• Adolf Rogge , 1868–1886
• Gottfried Hermann Marold, 1869–1872
• Adolf Moritz Prellwitz, 1872–1875
• Carl Jacob Unterberger, 1876–1877
• August Heinrich Kirschstein, 1877–1878
• Louis Ernst Gustav Guddas, 1881–1882
• Paul August Ludwig Schultze, 1887–1898
• Wolfgang Kähler , 1887–1922
• Johann C. Gustav Kopetsch, 1899–1922
• Ernst Kucharski, 1922–1927
• Johannes Gemmel , 1923–1945
• Johannes Krause? - 1936
• Gustav Boersch, 1927–1935
• Helmut Passauer, 1936–1945

Church district Darkehmen

The area of ​​the church district Darkehmen formerly belonged to the Insterburg inspection (Russian: Tschernjachowsk). Up to 1945, nine parishes belonged to the Darkehm diocese itself , of which six are on Russian and three on Polish territory:

• Ballethen (Russian: Sadowoje)
• Darkehmen, 1938–1946: Angerapp (Russian: Osjorsk)
• Dombrowken , 1938–1946: Eibenburg (Polish: Dąbrówka)
• Groß Karpowen , 1938–1946: Karpauen (Russian: Nekrassowo)
• Kleszowen / Kleschowen , 1938–1946: Kleschauen (Russian: Kutusowo)
• Rogahlen , 1938–1946: Gahlen (Polish: Rogale)
• Szabienen / Schabienen , 1938–1946: Lautersee (Polish: Żabin)
• Trempen (Russian: Novostrojewo)
• Wilhelmsberg (Russian: Jablonowka)

Superintendent

In Darkehmen / Angerapp officiated as superintendent :

• Christian Friedrich Untouched , 1821–1849
• Rudolf Andreas Zippel , 1861–1868
• Adolf Rogge , 1868–1886
• Wolfgang Kähler , 1887–1922
• Johannes Gemmel , 1923–1945

Protestant congregations after 1990

In the 1990s, a new community was established in the neighboring village of Kadymka ( Escherningken , 1938–1946 Eschingen ), which is the closest to the city of Osjorsk. It belongs to the newly established Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER). The responsible rectory is that of the Salzburg Church in Gussew ( Gumbinnen ).

Catholic Church

Parish

The parish Darkehmen belonged to the Diocese of Warmia until 1945 .

Church building

The Catholic house of God is also no longer used as a church. The building houses a shop for seniors and veterans.

sons and daughters of the town

• Julius von Groß (1812–1881), Prussian general
• Fritz von Farenheid (1815–1888), landowner and art collector
• Constanz Berneker (1844–1906), organist and composer
• Eugen Dippe (1852-1919), District Administrator in the Elbing District
• Edgar Wutzdorff (1855–1923), medical officer and medical officer
• Gustav Bauer (1870–1944), Reich Chancellor 1919–1920
• Hugo Kalweit (1882–1970), judge
• Marta Baedeker (1889–1973), publisher and bookseller
• Gerhard Schultze-Pfaelzer (1891–1952), writer and political publicist
• Ernst Heinrich Schliepe (1893–1961), composer
• Heinz Ziegler (1894–1972), artillery general in World War II
• Martin Sperlich (1919–2003), art historian
• Manfred Peter Hein (* 1931), writer and translator
• Martin-Michael Passauer (* 1943), Protestant theologian, general superintendent of Berlin

Sponsorship

In 1954, the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Mettmann took over the sponsorship of the Kreisgemeinschaft Angerapp eV (in the Association of Expellees). Refugees and displaced persons from the Darkehmen (Angerapp) district in East Prussia have come together in this association.

See also

• List of cities in Kaliningrad Oblast

literature

in order of appearance

• Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation. Königsberg 1777, pp. 85-86.
• Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Part I: Topography of East Prussia. Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 30, no. 3) .
• August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland. Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 475.
• Adolf Rogge : History of the district and the Diocese of Darkehmen. Darkehmen 1873.
• Horn, Alexander, Horn, P., Darkehmen: documentary contributions to the history of Prussian city life in the 18th century , Insterburg 1895

Web links

Commons : Osyorsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Rolf Jehke: City of Angerapp (2010)
• Website of the Kreisgemeinschaft Angerapp eV
• Osjorsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. 6th edition. Volume 4. Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 517.
3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia. Part I: Topography of East Prussia. Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 30, no. 3) .
4. ↑ Alexander August Mützell: New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state. Volume 1. Halle 1821, p. 254, no. 462.
5. ^ Wilhelm Ernst August von Schlieben : Newest painting of the Prussian monarchy. Sammer, Vienna 1834, p. 270.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. darkehmen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
7. ^ Erich Keyser : German city book - manual urban history. Volume I: Northeast Germany. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1939, pp. 23-24.
8. ^ Prof. Otto Hupp : German coat of arms. Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.
9. ↑ Darkehmen Church
10. ^ Jürgen Schlusnus: Parish Darkehmen ( Memento of September 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
11. ^ Friedwald Moeller : Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968, p. 30
12. ^ Genealogical directory