Ulyanovskoye (Kaliningrad)
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Uljanowskoje /
Klein Beynuhnen (Kleinbeinuhnen) Ульяңовское
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Uljanowskoje ( Russian Ульяновское , German Klein Beynuhnen , 1938-1946 Kleinbeinuhnen ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad ( Koenigsberg region (Prussia) ). It is located in the southwest of Osjorsk Rajon ( Darkehmen district , 1938-1946 Angerapp ) and belongs to the Novostrojewskoje selskoje posselenije (rural community Novostrojewo ( Trempnen )).
traffic
Ulyanovskoye is located ten kilometers southwest of the district capital Osjorsk ( Darkehmen , 1938-1946 Angerapp ) only one kilometer from the Russian highway R 508 and can be reached via the junction Otradnoye ( Kunigehlen , 1938-1946 Stroppau ).
From 1914 the Beynuhnen railway station (from 1938 "Beinuhnen") was on the Gumbinnen – Angerburg railway line (today Gussew or Węgorzewo ). The tracks were dismantled after 1945 .
history
The Gutsdorf Klein Beynuhnen had a total of 110 inhabitants in 1818. Their number rose to 195 by 1863. From 1874 to 1945 the place was the administrative seat of the newly established district of Klein Beynuhnen, which belonged to the Darkehmen district (1938 Angerapp district , 1939–1945 Angerapp district ) in the Gumbinnen district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1925 there were already 242 people living in Klein Beynuhnen.
On September 30, 1928, the Klein Beynuhnen manor district was converted into a rural community through the incorporation of neighboring towns - Angerau located to the south and Mikalbude located to the northwest (1938–1946 Mickelau , Russian: Sutschkowo) . The number of inhabitants rose to 358 in 1933 and to 369 in 1939. On June 3, 1938 - with confirmation of July 16, 1938 - the official spelling was finally changed to "Kleinbeinuhnen". The district was renamed accordingly on January 12, 1939 in "District Kleinbeinuhnen".
As a result of the Second World War , Kleinbeinuhnen came to the Soviet Union with northern East Prussia and in 1946 was renamed "Ulyanovskoye". Until 2009 it was incorporated into the Novostrojewski soviet (Dorfsovjet Novostrojewo ( Trempen )) in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad since 1991/92 and then, due to a structural and administrative reform, it was classified as a "settlement" (possjolok) in the Novostrojewskoje selskoje posselenije ( Rural Municipality of Novostroyevo) within Osjorsk Raion .
Gut and Schloss Klein Beynuhnen
In 1512 the merchant Hans Fahrenheid moved from Hildesheim to Königsberg / Kaliningrad. One of his descendants, the war council Friedrich Wilhelm Johann von Fahrenheid (1747–1834, raised to the nobility by Friedrich Wilhelm II in 1786 ), acquired the goods complex in Klein Beynuhnen in 1793. His son Friedrich Heinrich Johann von Fahrenheid (1780–1849) brought him to an economic boom. He expanded thoroughbred horse breeding to become the second largest private stud in Europe at the time. He decreed that his fortune should be used for art collections. His heir, Fritz von Fahrenheid (1815–1888), had a castle built for their storage and presentation. The east wing was built in the years 1850–1854, the middle wing and the west wing followed between 1860 and 1864. The architect was the sculptor Albert Wolff , who oriented himself here on Karl Friedrich Schinkel . From 1884 the east wing with a vestibule and nine halls, with a library and an engraving cabinet, was open to the public as a museum for sculptures from Greco-Roman antiquity.
In the private rooms of the west wing was the caryatid room with replicas of the figures from the Erechteion temple on the Athens Acropolis . There were also plaster casts after ancient sculptures, portraits and reliefs. Furthermore, sculptures and paintings from the Italian late renaissance and early baroque were shown.
A small Doric temple with a replica of the Laocoon group rose on a hill in the 150 hectare castle park . The grave of Fritz von Fahrenheid was also located here. The relatives, however, were buried in the family crypt in Angerapp ( pyramid in Rapa ).
In 1945 the castle was blown up by the Red Army and the art objects that were still preserved were brought to the Soviet Union. The family of the kolkhoz chairman lived in the gardener's house from 1946 . Of the other buildings, there are only sparse remains of ruins today.
church
The predominantly Protestant population of Klein Beynuhnens was parish in the parish of Dombrowken (1938–1945 Eibenburg , since 1945 in Polish: Dąbrówka). Until 1738 it had belonged to the Szabienen parish (1938–1945 Lautersee , since 1945 Polish: Żabin). It belonged to the church district Darkehmen (1938-1946 Angerapp , since 1946 Russian: Osjorsk) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The last German clergyman was Pastor Erich Wisotzki.
During the time of the Soviet Union , church activities were prohibited. It was not until the 1990s that Protestant congregations emerged again in the Kaliningrad Oblast, which has been in Russia since 1991/92. Today's Ulyanovskoye is located in the catchment area of the parish of the Salzburg Church in Gussew ( Gumbinnen ), which is part of the newly established Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Personalities of the place
- Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Farenheid (1747–1834), War and Domain Councilor; From 1779 he devoted himself to the Angerappschen estates and was the first large landowner in East Prussia to abolish the inheritance of his peasants
- Sophie Countess Dönhoff (1768–1834), from 1790 married “on the left hand side” to King Friedrich Wilhelm II , lived for a long time in the manor house of Klein Beynuhnen; it is accepted as her place of birth.
literature
Carl von Lorck : New research on the country castles and manor houses in East and West Prussia . Frankfurt 1969
Footnotes
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Kleinbeinuhnen District
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Darkehmen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ According to the Law on the Composition and Territories of Municipal Forms of the Kaliningrad Oblast of June 25th / 1. July 2009, along with Law No. 259 of June 30, 2008, specified by Law No. 370 of July 1, 2009
- ^ History of the estate and manor in Klein Beynuhnen (ostpreußen.net)
- ↑ The castle in Klein Beynuhnen (ostpreussen.net)
- ↑ Jürgen Schlusnus, Parish Dombrowken
- ↑ Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon . Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1
literature
Lorck, Carl von: New research on the country castles and manor houses in East and West Prussia. Frankfurt 1969