Gavrilowo (Kaliningrad)
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Gawrilowo
Gawaiten (Herzogsrode) Гаврилово
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Gawrilowo ( Russian Гаврилово , German Gawaiten , 1938-1945 Herzogsrode ) is a village in the southeast of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in Osjorsk Rajon . The place belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Osjorsk district .
Geographical location
Gawrilowo is located on the northwestern edge of the Rominter Heide and 16 kilometers east of the Rajon capital Osjorsk ( Darkehmen , 1938-1946 Angerapp ). The next larger city is the former district town of Gołdap ( Goldap ) on Polish territory and can be reached in 13 kilometers on the trunk road from Gussew ( Gumbinnen ) to Ełk ( Lyck ) (section of the former German Reichsstrasse 132 ). The former Reichsstraße 137 from Groß Skaisgirren (1938–1946 Kreuzingen , today Russian: Bolschakowo) via Goldap to Suwalki (1938–1946 Sudauen , today Polish: Suwałki) passed ten kilometers south of the village.
The former railway line from Insterburg (today Russian: Tschernjachowsk) to Lyck (today Polish: Ełk) with the nearest train station Wikischken (1938–1946 Wiecken , today Russian: Bagrationowo) no longer exists. The Selezkaja ( Gawaite , 1938–1946 Herzogsroder Fließ ) flows southeast of the village on its 23-kilometer path to the confluence with the Wika ( Wiek ), shortly before it reaches the Angrapa ( Angerapp ).
history
In 1530 the village, then called Gawaiten, was first mentioned in a document - before the former district town of Goldap . On March 18, 1874, the district of Gawaiten was formed, into which nine rural communities were incorporated:
- Gawaiten, 1938–46 Herzogsrode (today Russian: Gawrilowo)
- Gulbenischken , 1938–46 Gulbensee (Oneschskoje)
- Kurnehnen , 1938–46 Kurnen (Kruglowka)
- Loyken , 1938–46 Loken (Strelzowo)
- Maleyken , 1938–46 Maleiken (Nelidowo)
- Murgischken , 1938–46 Bastental (Melnikowo)
- Pelludszen , 1936–38 Pelludschen , 1938–46 Pellau (Schilowo)
- Skarupnen , 1938–46 Hartental (Nowochatka)
- Stukatschen , 1938–46 Freienfeld (Vostotschnoje).
In 1910 Gawaiten had 386 inhabitants. In the First World War the village was on 19./20. August 1914 involved in the Battle of Gawaiten-Gumbinnen in the run-up to the Battle of Tannenberg only a few days later.
In 1933 a total of 419 people lived in Gawaiten. On July 16, 1938, there was "Herzogsrode" renamed , and consequently the District Gawaiten received on 25 July 1939 called "District Herzogsrode". Until 1945 it belonged with the new communities to the district of Goldap in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
When it was incorporated into the Soviet administration in 1947, the place received the name Gavrilowo , which is more common in Russia. At the same time Gavrilowo became the seat of a village soviet in Osjorsk Raion . After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990/91, Germans from Russia came to Gavrilowo from its eastern states. Eight houses were built here for them between 1992 and 1995 with donations from Germany. Since the opening of the border crossing to Poland, nine kilometers away, several villagers have found employment in the town of Gołdap . The Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge has repaired the military cemetery from the First World War . In 2008 Gawrilowo was named after a rural community, but its administrative seat was in Jablonowka . Since its dissolution in 2014, the place has belonged to the Osjorsk district.
Gawrilowski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2008
The village soviet Gawrilowski selski Sowet (ru. Гавриловский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947. In 1954 the Pskowski selski Sowet was connected to the Gawrilowski selski Sowet. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the administrative unit existed as the village district Gawrilowski selski okrug (ru. Гавриловский сельский округ). In 2008 the remaining places in the village district were incorporated into the newly formed rural community Gavrilowskoje selskoje posselenije.
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Belinskoye (Белинкое) | Kaszemeken / Kaschemeken, 1938–1945: "Kaschen" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Bereschki (Бережки) | Budszedehlen / Budschedehlen, 1938–1945: "Salzburgerhütte" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Borowitschi (Боровичи) | Tautschillen, 1938–1945: "Altentrift" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Dzerzhinskoe (Дзержинское) | Jogelehnen, 1938–1945: "Jürgendorf" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Dworiki (Дворики) | Jodszen / Jodschen, 1938–1945: "Schwarzenau" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Gajewo (Гаево) | Rödszen / Rödschen, 1938–1945: "Röden" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Gavrilowka (Гавриловка) | Szardeningken / Schardeningken, 1938–1945: "Schardingen" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Gavrilowo (Гаврилово) | Gawaiten, 1938–1945: "Herzogsrode" | Administrative headquarters |
| Gribnoje (Грибное) | Gulbenischken, 1938–1945: "Gulbensee" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Jablonowka (Яблоновка) | Wilhelmsberg | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. |
| Kamarichi (Камаричи) | The place has been run since 1997. Exact location? | |
| Karamyschewo (Карамышево) | Pabble, domain | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Kirpichnoje (Кирпичное) | Jock | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Komaritschi (Комаричи) | Stumbern, 1938–1945: "Auersfeld" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Kruglowka (Кругловка) | Kurnehnen, 1938–1945: "Kurnen" | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Kuznetsovo (Кузнецово) | Annaberg | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Malaja Petrowka (Малая Петровка) | Jurgaitschen, 1938–1945: "Kleinau" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Maloje Ischewskoje (Малое Ижевское) | Groß Dumbeln, 1938–1945: "Erlensee", and Klein Dumbeln, 1938–1945: "Kräuterwiese" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Maloje Kuznetsovo (Малое Кузнецово) | Seeberg | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Maloje Penskoye (Малое Пензенское) | Gelleszuhnen / Gelleschuhnen, 1938–1945: "Gellenau" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Melnikowo (Мелниково) | Murgischken, 1938–1945: "Bastental" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Muravjowo (Муравьёво) | Praßlauken, 1938–1945: "Praßfeld" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Nelidowo (Нелидово) | Maleyken, 1938–1945: "Maleiken" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Novgorodskoye (Новгородское) | Egglenischken, 1938–1945: "Prussian Nassau" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Novochatka (Новохатка) | Skarupnen, 1938–1945: "Hartental" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. It was abandoned before 1975. |
| Novoselzewo (Новосельцево) | Worellen, 1938–1945: "Rounds" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Novo-Slavjanskoye (Ново-Славянское) | Königsfelde | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. |
| Novoslawkino (Новославкино) | Schaltinnen, 1938–1945: " Quellenental " | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Pensenskoye (Пензенское) | Dakehnen, 1938–1945: "Daken" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Petrovka (Петровка) | Szeeben / Scheeben | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Plawni (Плавни) | Plawischken, 1938–1945: "Plauendorf" | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Porchowo (Порхово) | Zodszen / Zodschen, 1938–1945: "Zoden" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Pskovskoye (Псковское) | Friedrichsberg | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially the administrative seat of the village soviet Pskovsky. |
| Rutscheiki (Ручейки) | Eszergallen / Eschergallen, 1938–1945: "Tiefenort" | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Sapadnoye (Западное) | Groß Gudellen, 1938–1945: "Großguden" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Shatkowo (Шатково) | Stonupönen, 1938–1945: "Kaltenbach" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Zheleznodorozhnoe (Железнодорожное) | Groß Trakischken, 1938–1945: "Hohenrode" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Shilovo (Шилово) | Pelludszen / Pelludschen, 1938–1945: "Pellau" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Schipownikowo (Шиповниково) | Schestocken, 1938–1945: "Peterstal" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Slavkino (Славкино) | Gut Wilhelmsburg | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. |
| Smirnowo (Смирново) | Kiauten, 1938–1945: "Zellmühle" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Solnetschnoje (Солнечное) | Szameitschen / Schameitschen, 1938–1945: "Brahmannsdorf" | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. |
| Strelzowo (Стрельцово) | Loyken, 1938–1945: "Loken" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Sverdlowo (Свердлово) | Linkischken, 1938–1945: "Rabeneck" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Tolstowo (Толстово) | Pillkallen, 1938–1945: "Hoheneck" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Torfjanoje (Торфяное) | To beat | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Volkovo (Волково) | Raudohnen, 1938–1945: "Raunen" | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the Pskovsky village soviet. It was left before 1988. |
| Volochayevo (Волочаево) | Grischkehmen, 1938–1945: "Grischken" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Vostochnoye (Восточное) | Stukatschen, 1938–1945: "Freienfeld" | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
Gavrilovskoye selskoye posseleniye 2008-2014
The rural community Gavrilowskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Гавриловское сельское поселение) was established in 2008 and comprised 30 places, which in Russia are called "settlement" (possjolok). These previously belonged to the village districts of Bagrationowski selski okrug and Gawrilowski selski okrug. The administrative seat of the municipality was in Jablonowka . In 2014 the rural community was dissolved and its settlements were incorporated into the newly formed Osjorsk district.
| Place name | German name | Place name | German name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagrationowo (Багратионово) | Wikischken (Wiecken) | Porchowskoje Порховскоө | Kermuschienen (Fritzenau) | |
| Borok (Борок) | Grasgirren (Dingelau) | Poretschje (Поречье) | Balschkehmen (Balsken) | |
| Dubrawa (Дубрава) | Buylien (Schulzenwalde) | Prudnoje (Прудное) | Brindlacken (Kleinfritzenau) | |
| Gavrilowo (Гаврилово) | Gawaiten (Herzogsrode) | Pskovskoye I (Псковское) | Friedrichsberg | |
| Jablonowka (Яблоновка) | Wilhelmsberg | Pskovskoye II (Псковское) | (Royal) Pogrimmen (Grimmen) | |
| Kadymka (Кадымка) | Eszerningken (Eschingen) | Resnikowo (Резниково) | Roseningken (Rößningen) | |
| Kamarichi (Камаричи) | Ryazanskoye (Рязанское) | Hallwischken (Hallweg) | ||
| Karamyschewo (Карамышево) | Pabbeln (Schardingen) | Rutscheiki (Ручейки) | Eszergallen (Tiefenort) | |
| Kolzowo (Кольцово) | Kohlau | Shilovo (Шилово) | Ischdaggen (Brenndenwalde) | |
| Krasny Bor (Красный Бор) | Kellmienen (Kellmen) | Shuchkovo (Жучково) | Szuskehmen (Angerhöh) | |
| Kruglowka (Кругловка) | Knees (cures) | Slavkino (Славкино) | Gut Wilhelmsberg | |
| Kutusowo (Кутузово) | Kleszowen (Kleschauen) | Smirnowo (Смирново) | Kiauten (cell mill) | |
| Novo-Slavjanskoye (Ново-Славянское) | Königsfelde | Solnetschnoje (Солнечное) | Szameitschen (Brahmannsdorf) | |
| Ossipenko (Осипенко) | Noble Pogrimmen / to Pogrimmen (Grimmen) | Suvorovka (Суворовка) | Weedern | |
| Plawni (Плавни) | Plawischken (Plauendorf) | Waldaiskoje (Валдайское) | Kleszowen Mill / to Wikischken (Wiecken) |
church
Former parish church
The governor of Insterburg (now in Russian: Tschernjachowsk) had to ensure that a church was built in each of the Insterburg school districts. As the first church in the Jagteschen (Gawaiter) school district, the church in Gawaiten was built before 1550. It was a wooden building that was considered the oldest church in the Goldap district .
The repeatedly ailing building received two new buildings. After a fire in 1750, the building was built in 1755, which received an organ in 1788 and was also to survive the two world wars. In 1848, however, the dilapidated tower had to be demolished.
After 1945 the church building was used as a warehouse. The structure deteriorated and was finally demolished in the late 1970s and not rebuilt. Today a small parish hall serves as a church substitute.
In 2013 a memorial stone (stone slab on boulder) with the following text was unveiled at the previous location of the church in Gawaiten: "The church of Gawaiten, the oldest church in the district of Goldap / East Prussia, stood here for more than 400 years". The stone was designed, financed and built by the "Kreisgemeinschaft Goldap Ostpreußen eV".
Parish
The Gawaiten parish , which has been a Protestant parish since the Reformation, originally belonged to the Insterburg Inspection, before 1945 it was part of the Goldap parish in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Catholic church members belonged to the parish in Goldap.
In 1944, 29 villages were parish in the parish, to which twelve schools belonged and in which more than 6000 parishioners lived.
During the period of the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991, church life in the place now called Gavrilowo came to a standstill. At the beginning of the 1990s a new small community emerged, mainly from Russian Germans who had settled here. Gawrilowo now belongs to the ecclesiastical region of the Salzburg Church in Gussew ( Gumbinnen ) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia . The rectory, in which two clergymen work, is in Gusew.
Pastor until 1945
In the period from the Reformation to the end of the Second World War, 25 pastors did their service in Gawaiten / Herzogsrode:
- NN, 1550
- Nicolaus Hollstein, 1562/1570
- Johann Holstein, 1595/1605
- Simon Waißnarus, 1608–1625
- Friedrich Löbel, 1625–1655
- Johann Friedrich Buchholtzer, 1651–1662
- Friedrich Cibrovius, 1663–1692
- Johann Christoph Cibrovius, 1690-1710
- Christian Friedrich Stein, 1710–1755
- Johann Trentovius 1756-1765
- Johann Friedrich Sperber, 1765–1770
- Gottfried Herrmann, 1770–1771
- Georg Hintz, 1771–1786
- Friedrich Chr. Heydenreich, 1788–1791
- Carl Hammer, 1792-1810
- Daniel Friedrich Wüsthoff, 1811–1827
- Johann Carl Prellwitz, 1827–1847
- Georg Jul. Wilh. Schröder, 1848–1873
- Adolf Wilhelm Brinkmann, 1873–1885
- Friedrich Wilhelm Riech, 1886–1890
- Franz Lebrecht Kuhnke, 1891–1914
- Paul Korsitzki, 1917–1930
- Iwan Schönemann, 1930–1935
- Helmut Welz, 1935
- Wilhelm Schiweck, 1938–1945
literature
- Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg 1968
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b by the указ президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 16 июня 1954 г. № 744/54 «Об объединении сельских советов Калининградской области» (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 16, 1954, No. 744/54: About the Kalovradet Oblast Association)
- ↑ Gulbenischken was also renamed Oneschskoje.
- ↑ The place belonged to Szardeningken / Schardingen since 1928.
- ↑ In 1947, the place Wikischken / Wieken was also renamed Slawkino by mistake.
- ↑ By the Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 г. № 259 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования" Озёрский городской округ "» (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast June 30, 2008, No. 259. On the organization of local self-government in the field of municipal formation "city circle Osjorsk")
- ↑ Apparently Pskovskoye II was connected to Pskovskoye I in 2011.
- ↑ Not to be confused with the place Komaritschi (Ger. Stumbern / Auersfeld), which was probably dissolved around 1980.
- ↑ Bringing memories to life. Goldap district community initiated memorial stone installation in Gawaiten . Preussische Allgemeine Zeitung, July 27, 2013
- ↑ Brinkmann (1817–1888) was a member of the Corps Masovia .