Guryevsk (Kaliningrad)
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Gurjewsk
Neuhausen Гурьевск
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Gurjewsk ( Russian Гурьевск , Prussian Romaw , German Neuhausen ) is the administrative center of a Rajon with 12,431 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . Since 2013, the place has been the administrative seat of the municipal self-government unit of the Guryevsk district .
Geographical location
The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia , seven kilometers northeast of Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ).
history
The place was founded in 1262 as Neuhausen . Around 1540 he was mentioned under the names Neuhauß, Neuhausen, Newghaus or Lisga Neughaus. The Prussian name Romaw or Ramawan ( holy forest ) indicates a pagan place of worship (Prussian romus, ramus : calm, quiet, devout, holy).
In 1935 a branch of the Behring Institute opened in Neuhausen .
In 1945 Neuhausen belonged to the district Samland in Administrative district Königsberg the province of East Prussia .
After the Second World War , Neuhausen, like the entire northern part of East Prussia, was placed under Soviet administration and in 1946 was given the name Gurjewsk , named after the Soviet major general Stepan Gurjew (1902–1945), who had died in the fighting for Pillau ; the village also received city rights.
District Neuhausen (1874–1945)
On April 30, 1874, Neuhausen became the official seat and eponymous place of the newly established district of Neuhausen in the Königsberg district (Prussia) (1939 to 1945 Samland district ) in the Königsberg district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . The district of Neuhausen existed until 1945 and, when it was founded, had four rural communities and seven manor districts :
| German name | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | ||
| Knöppelsdorf | Rasswet | |
| Neuhausen | Guryevsk | |
| Prawten | Lomonosovo | |
| Marriage customs | 1938 incorporated into the community of Neuhausen | |
| Manor districts : | ||
| Berthaswalde | Converted to a rural community in 1926 | |
| Come on | In 1892 incorporated into the rural community of Neuhausen | |
| Dunkershöfen | Bolshoye Derevenskoye (until 2008: Bolshaya Derevnia) |
1928 incorporated into the rural community of Kleinheide |
| Kleinheide |
Converted into a rural community in 1928, incorporated into the Neuhausen community in 1938 |
|
| Neuhausen | Guryevsk | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Neuhausen |
| Taste jug | incorporated into the rural community of Neuhausen on an unknown date | |
| Scythes | Borovikovo |
before 1908 converted into a rural community, incorporated into the rural community of Knöppelsdorf in 1934 |
Due to the restructuring, the four previously incorporated communities Knöppeldorf, Neuhausen, Prawten and Berthaswalde were still part of the Neuhausen district on January 1, 1945, as well as the Ziegelau community, which was reclassified from the Quednau district in 1939 (Russian: Sewernaja Gora) (no longer exists today).
Neuhausen Castle
Neuhausen Castle was built in 1292 in the Samland cathedral chapter (seat in Königsberg). South of the castle at the end of the mill pond, the house mill of the Teutonic Order (later the oak jug ) was preserved in its original state. The tower and side gable of the church had panels and a stepped gable. A Lischke was built outside the castle in 1528 . A tailor, a shoemaker and a blacksmith together received a hoof field from Albrecht (Brandenburg) . After 1525 the castle was the seat of the Bishop of Samland Georg von Polenz for a time . In the marriage contract of 1550, Duke Albrecht dedicated the castle to his second wife Anna Maria von Braunschweig-Calenberg-Göttingen as a personal property . Here she gave birth to her son Albrecht Friedrich in 1553 and died here on March 15, 1568. Albrecht had the older part of the castle rebuilt.
Located in a rich hunting area, Neuhausen was the preferred residence of the hunting-loving Duke Georg Wilhelm . In 1770 the castle became the seat of the domain administration and the judiciary. For his services in the Wars of Liberation , Friedrich Wilhelm III. 1814 Palace and domain together with Gut Grünhoff near Cranz to General Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz . Later the castle belonged to the Luckner and Massow families. The castle park and the forest around the Neuhausen-Tiergarten small train station with the Freiwald establishment were a popular destination for the Königsbergers.
Mill flow
“The Neuhausen mill flow was dammed into a pond there, so that the area, also because of its tree population, was attractive. Sixty years later, the jug still existed in its old state as a country restaurant with hard chairs and simple tables. Back then it was the meeting place for autumn riding hunts. Since the wealthy day trippers later used the train to sea, he led a quiet existence and did not change according to the wishes of a more demanding society. "
population
According to the results of the 2010 All-Russian census, 88.3 percent of the population of Guryevsky are ethnic Russians . In addition, 174 Germans live in Guryevsk today , which corresponds to a population share of 1.4 percent.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 329 | 199 of them in the village, eleven at the mill and 119 on the estate and castle |
| 1831 | 503 | 243 of them in the village and 161 on the estate and castle as well as 99 on the associated Vorwerk Kleinheide |
| 1840 | 421 | 260 of them in the village and near the mill and 161 on the estate and castle |
| 1858 | 554 | all Protestants, including 314 in the village, 38 at the mill and 202 on the estate |
| 1864 | 620 | on December 3, 497 of them in the village and 223 on the estate |
| 1910 | 589 | |
| 1933 | 1,707 | |
| 1939 | 4,198 |
- since 1945
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 2,393 |
| 1970 | 3,568 |
| 1979 | 5,910 |
| 1989 | 7,934 |
| 2002 | 10,913 |
| 2010 | 12,431 |
Note: census data
Neuhausen Church
building
The old parish church - it is still called "Neuhausen Church" (Russian: Кирха Нойхаузен) - from the end of the 13th century is a choirless field stone building with a brick tower . It is located east of the A 190 highway and was a Protestant place of worship for more than 400 years . In World War II it was damaged. It then served as a club and warehouse and fell into disrepair more and more, also due to several fires.
The church has been owned by the New Apostolic Church since 1991 and is again in good condition.
Parish
Neuhausen was already a church village in the pre-Reformation period. The Reformation started here relatively early, and for a long time the Neuhausen Castle was the seat of Georg von Polenz (around 1478–1550), the Protestant bishop of Samland and Pomesania . The parish with its extensive parish once belonged to the inspection of the Königsberg (Russian: Kaliningrad) court preacher , in the meantime to the then newly founded inspection Labiau (Polessk). Until 1945 it was incorporated into the parish of Königsberg-Land II in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Today Gurjewsk is in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad , which was newly built in the 1990s, within the newly formed provost of Kaliningrad of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).
Parish (until 1945)
Before 1945, there were a total of 30 villages in the Neuhausen parish:
| German name | Russian name | German name | Russian name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berthaswalde |
Neudamm (village) and Neudamm (good) |
Wassilkowo and Maloje Wassilkowo |
||
| Bladau | Wladimirowka (until 2008: Wladimirowo) |
Neuhausen | Guryevsk | |
| Bulitten | Avangardnoye | Palmburg | Pribreschnoye | |
| Charlottenwiese | Prawten | Lomonosovo | ||
| Dossitten | Cheremkhovo | Vengeance | ||
| Dunkershöfen | Bolshoye Derevenskoye (until 2008: Bolshaya Derevnia) |
Rachsittenthal | Sakharovo | |
| Oak jug | Rodmannshöfen | Kalinowka | ||
| Fürstenwalde | Poddubnoye | Scythes | Borovikovo | |
| Kleinheide | Sunny germ | Zazanovka | ||
| Knöppelsdorf | Rasswet | Tharaun jug | Saosjorje | |
| Condensate | Slavyanskoye | Marriage customs | ||
| Lapsau | Saosjorje | Tropics | Kumachovo | |
| Lauth | Bolshoye Issakovo | Forest farms | Uljanowo, now: Konstantinowka |
|
| Almonds | cheek | Yarovoye | ||
| Envy germ | Cheek nod | Saosjorje |
Pastor (1525–1945)
From the Reformation to the end of the Second World War , the Protestant clergy in Neuhausen were:
- M. Lucas, 1525
- NN, until 1534
- NN, from 1545
- Michael Beer, from 1559
- Johann Querlemann, 1567
- Lucas Edenburg, 1568–1574
- NN, 1574
- Friedrich Krause, 1582–1588
- Jacob Sethus, 1588–1596
- Erhard Wolf, 1596–1609
- Joachim Goldnach, 1615–1652
- Christoph Fengler, 1651
- Heinrich Hoffmann, 1652
- Reinhold Sommer, 1688–1732
- Christian Grünwald, 1733–1741
- Georg Daniel Fischer, 1742–1766
- Theodor Michael Freytag, 1767–1790
- Max Christian Mayr, 1791–1801
- Johann Immanuel Groschke, 1801-1825
- Siegfried August Kähler, 1826–1841
- Karl Leopold Bergau, 1841–1873
- Heinrich Ernst Abramowski, 1873–1878
- Otto Alexander Besch, 1878-1896
- Emil Anton Gustav Platz, 1897–1909
- Gustav Heinrich Zander, 1909–1926
- Franz Schibalski, 1926–1939
- Herbert Schott, 1939–1945
Russian Orthodox Church
Most of the confessionally bound residents belong to the Russian Orthodox Church . Guryevsk belongs to the diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltiysk .
Economy and Transport
There is an oil refinery in Guryevsk . The Ptizefabrika Gurjewskaja poultry farm is located on the site of the former military airfield in Neuhausen, along with some municipal facilities . Kaliningrad Airport is located in Khrabrovo ( Powunden ) . The A190 (Russia) and the Kaliningrad – Sovetsk railway to Tilsit run through the city .
Attractions
- Neuhausen Castle (half ruin), a Teutonic castle from 1295/97
- Protestant church
- museum
City administration
Lenin Street residential area
Jasny new building district
Art school, museum
Guryev monument
Sons of the city
- Otto Besch (1885–1966), composer and music critic
- Martin Kähler (1835–1912), Protestant theologian
- Otto Kähler (1830–1885), Prussian general
See also
literature
In order of appearance
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation. Königsberg 1777, pp. 36-38.
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources. Part I: Province of Prussia. Berlin 1833, p. 60, paragraph 18, and p. 67, paragraph 31.
- Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland. Königsberg 1844, pp. 97-99, paragraph 14.
- G. Gerullis: The old Prussian place names. Berlin, Leipzig 1922
- Hans Heinz Diehlmann: The Turkish tax in the Duchy of Prussia 1540, volume 1 Fischhausen- Schaaken- Neuhausen- Labiau. Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1998
- Mikkels Klussis: German-Prussian basic dictionary . Institut Européen des Minorités Ethniques Dispersées with the support of the German-Prussian Association Tolkemita, Vilnius 1999
Web links
- Guryevsk City Council Official Website (Russian)
- Gurjewsk at mojgorod.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b c Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon. Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
- ^ Rolf Jehke: District Neuhausen
- ↑ a b ostpreussen.net
- ↑ S. Schindelmeiser: The history of the Corps Baltia II zu Königsberg / Pr. , Vol. 1. Munich 2010, p. 185.
- ^ Territorial organ of the State Statistics Service in Kaliningrad Oblast
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 3: Kr – O , Halle 1822, paragraphs 990–992.
- ^ Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources . Part I: Province of Prussia . Berlin 1833, p. 60, paragraph 18, and p. 67, paragraph 31.
- ^ Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland . Königsberg 1844, p. 127, 4. Neuhausen , paragraphs 16-17.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 135, paragraphs 254-256.
- ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg : Berlin 1966, Kreis Königsberg (district), p. 26, paragraphs 164-165.
- ↑ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Königsberg
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. samland.html # ew33samneuhaus. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ The churches in Samland: Neuhausen
- ^ History of Gurjewsk-Neuhausen at ostpreussen.net
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Patrick Plew, Family Book Neuhausen
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from Reformatuion to Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, p. 101.
- ↑ Schibalski (1872–1956) was a member of the Corps Masovia
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