Rodniki (Kaliningrad, Gurjewsk)
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Rodniki
Preußisch Arnau, Arnau and Jungferndorf Родники
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Rodniki ( Russian Родники , German Prussian Arnau , Arnau and Jungferndorf ) is a settlement in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad , which consists of three formerly independent localities. It belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Guryevsk District in Guryevsk Raion .
Geographical location
Rodniki is located about ten kilometers east of the center of the city of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) to the north of the New Pregel (Russian: Nowaja Pregolja). The old and the new route of the Föderalstraße A 229 (former German Reichsstraße 1 , today also Europastraße 77 ) forks in the village . The connection to the northern district is via the municipal road 27K-363. There is no rail connection.
history
Prussian Arnau
The northern district of Rodniki, formerly known as Prussian Arnau , was a manor village. A princely grave was found on a hill nearby. In 1874 Preussisch Arnau was incorporated into the Arnau district. In 1910 the place had 189 inhabitants. On November 15, 1928, Preußisch Arnau gave up its independence: the Vorwerk Wangnicken (today Russian: Saosjorje) came to Palmburg (Pribreschnoje), while the rest of the town was incorporated into the rural community of Arnau.
Arnau (Marjino)
The former Arnau (after 1320 Arnowo , before 1540 Arhnaw , after 1540 Arnaw , until 1946 Arnau , after 1946: Marjino) forms the southern part of Rodniki. It was first mentioned in a document in 1304. On the Hasenberg , a steep slope to the Pregel, there was a Prussian refugee castle. At this point the order built a permanent house, which was mentioned in a document in 1320. However, no remains of this remained. To the west of the Arnau church and its former cemetery is a large burial ground from the Prussian era.
The Great Elector awarded the diplomat Fabian Kalau vom Hofe (1610–1678) the goods Arnau and Fünflinden (today in Russian: Prochorowka). In 1826, Oberpräsident Theodor von Schön (1773-1856) acquired Arnau.
On April 30, 1874 Arnau became the seat and eponymous place of the newly established administrative district of Arnau. In 1910 there were 108 inhabitants in Arnau.
On November 15, 1928, the neighboring village of Preußisch Arnau - without the Vorwerk Wangnicken (Russian: Saosjorje) - was incorporated into Arnau, after part of the Maternhof manor had already been incorporated on September 30, 1928 . The number of inhabitants rose to 403 by 1933 and was already 439 in 1939.
In 1945 northern East Prussia and with it Arnau came to the Soviet Union . In 1947 the place was given the Russian name Marjino and was assigned at the same time to the village soviet Nisowski selski Sowet in Gurjewsk Rajon .
Arnau district (1874–1945)
Between 1874 and 1945 the administrative district of Arnau existed in the administrative district of Königsberg (Prussia) (from 1939 administrative district of Samland ) in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia , which initially consisted of two rural communities and two manor districts :
| German name | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | ||
| Arnau | Rodniki, before: Marjino |
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| Jungferndorf | Rodniki, before: Ryabinovka |
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| Manor districts : | ||
| Maternhof |
1928 incorporated in parts to Arnau and Jungferndorf |
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| Prussian Arnau | Rodniki | 1928 incorporated into Arnau |
On April 1, 1939, the western neighboring village of Palmburg (Russian: Pribreschnoje) was reclassified from the Lauth district (Russian: Bolschoje Issakowo) to the Arnau district. On January 1, 1945, the district of Arnau consisted of three communities: Arnau, Jungferndorf and Palmburg.
Jungferndorf (Ryabinowka)
The rural community called Jungferndorf at that time (around 1500 Jungfrawendorf , around 1539 Junckferndorf , after 1542 Junckfrauendorf , until 1946 Jungferndorf , after 1946: Rjabinowka) forms the eastern part of Rodniki. From 1874 to 1945 the community was incorporated into the Arnau district.
In 1910 there were 177 people in Jungferndorf. Their number rose to 222 by 1933 and was already 249 in 1939.
Jungferndorf came to the Soviet Union in 1945 like its neighboring towns . In 1947 the place was given the Russian name Rjabinowka and at the same time was assigned to the village soviet Nisowski selski Sowet in Gurjewsk Rajon .
Rodniki
In 1950 Prussian Arnau was given the Russian name Rodniki again and was assigned to the village Soviet Nisowski selski Sowet in Gurjewsk Rajon . Before 1975 the two places Marjino and Ryabinowka were attached to Rodniki. From 2008 to 2013 Rodniki belonged to the rural community Nizovskoye selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Guryevsk.
Arnau mansion
In the first years after the Second World War, the former manor house in Arnau became the administrative seat of a state farm . There is a guest room in it, in which the poet Joseph von Eichendorff, who often stayed here, stayed during his visits. The manor house is threatened with decay, but was placed under monument protection in 2009.
church
Church building
A church was mentioned in Arnau as early as 1364. The building has survived the centuries to some extent with various additions and modifications and is - after being used for a different purpose as a warehouse during the Soviet Union - in an unacceptable condition (2012). It contained more than two hundred medieval frescoes that have been destroyed or faded. The church is now part of the Kaliningrad Historical Museum and is used for services by the Russian Orthodox Church and exhibitions. A building of the Orthodox Church is being erected near the church in the area of the former cemetery (skeleton finds).
Parish
Arnau was already a church village in the pre-Reformation period. The Lutheran Reformation found its way here very early, and divine services were held according to Lutheran teachings as early as 1525. If the parish once belonged to the inspection of the Königsberg Oberhofpredigers , the parish was then incorporated into the parish of Königsberg-Land II within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .
Today Rodniki lies in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) . This is the main church of the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER), which was established in the 1990s .
Personalities of the place
- Theodor von Schön (1773-1856), Prussian statesman, President of the Province of Prussia, from 1826 squire on Arnau, lived from 1840 on Gut Preußisch Arnau and died here on July 23, 1856. He was buried in the Arnau church , but was his Coffin with those of others removed from the -non-existent- family crypt in 1949. A memorial stone commemorates Theodor von Schön next to the Arnau church.
- Dora Eleonore Behrend (1877–1945), German writer, born in Preussisch Arnau
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Preußisch Arnau
- ↑ a b c Rolf Jehke, Arnau district
- ↑ a b c Uli Schubert, municipality register, district of Königsberg
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Arnau
- ^ History of Arnau at ostpreussen.net
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Jungferndorf
- ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places of Kaliningrad Oblast" from July 5, 1950)
- ↑ According to the Административно-территориальное деление Калининградской области 1975 (The administrative-territorial division of the Kaliningrad 1975 published by Soviet the Kaliningrad) on http://www.soldat.ru/ (rar file)
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )