Quednau

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District of Kaliningrad
Quednau
Северная Гора
Federal district Northwest Russia
Oblast Kaliningrad
Urban district Kaliningrad
First mention 1255
Earlier names Quedenow (1255),
Quedemnowe (1302),
Quednow (around 1540),
Quedenow (around 1565),
Quedenau (around 1785),
Quednau (until 1946)
Time zone UTC + 2
Geographical location
Coordinates 54 ° 46 '  N , 20 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 45 '40 "  N , 20 ° 32' 45"  E
Quednau (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Quednau (Kaliningrad Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

Quednau was a northern district of Königsberg in East Prussia . Today it is called ( Russian Северная Гора Severnaja Gora , German 'Nordberg' ) and is located in the Leningrad Rajon , one of three districts of Kaliningrad , the capital of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad ( Koenigsberg region ).

Geographical location

The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia, in the northeast of Königsberg (Kaliningrad), seven kilometers from the center on the city limits to the rural Gurjewsk Rajon with the rural community of Kutuzovskoye . The newly built arterial road to Zelenogradsk (Cranz) , the Russian A 191, runs to the west .

To the west of Severnaya Gora, the Kaliningrad – Zelenogradsk – Pionerski (Königsberg – Cranz – Neukuhren) railway runs past, where Quednau was its own railway station until 1945. The Kaliningrad – Sovetsk (Königsberg – Tilsit) railway runs to the east . The train station closest to Severnaya Gora is today Kutusowo-Novoje (formerly Königsberg-Rothenstein ) for both of these routes.

Surname

The name is based on kweden-aw , a meadow and meadow name common in the Baltic language area (cf. Prussian kweita for flower ).

history

Quednau, north of the city of Königsberg , on a map from 1910.

The place is first mentioned in 1255 as Quedenow . However, archaeological finds indicate a very early settlement. The village became known for the courage with which it opposed the Teutonic Order , but also for its loyalty to the Order after it was subjugated. Considerable pieces of amber were often found on the Apollosberg near Quednau . At first Quednau was an estate with an adjoining village. It later became a royal church village. The episcopal castle from 1302 has completely disappeared. The area was badly damaged by the Peasant Wars in 1525.

A severe destruction of Quednau and the surrounding area took place again during the French period in 1807.

On April 30, 1874, Quednau became the official seat and eponymous place of the newly established Quednau district , which existed until 1939. He belonged to the district of Königsberg (Prussia) in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . On August 31, 1895, the Quednau estate was incorporated into the rural community of the same name. In 1910 the place had 802 inhabitants and on June 16, 1927 the areas of Quednau, which were south of the outer border of the Ringchaussee (Königsberg bypass road), were incorporated into the city and the urban district of Königsberg (Prussia) .

On September 30, 1928, Quednau expanded to include the neighboring town of Fräuleinhof (Russian: Kutusowo), which was incorporated. The population rose to a total of 1,519 by 1933.

On April 1, 1939, Quednau was fully incorporated into the city and district of Königsberg. The district of Quednau was dissolved.

After the end of the Second World War , Königsberg and with it Quednau were placed under Soviet administration. Königsberg was renamed "Kaliningrad", and Quednau became "Severnaya Gora" in 1946, since 1947 embedded in the newly formed district of Leningrad Rajon, the oblast capital.

Quednau district (1874–1939)

On April 30, 1874, the Quednau district was established, which belonged to the Königsberg district (Prussia) and initially comprised 15 municipal entities:

German name Russian name Remarks
Rural communities:
Cummerau Nevskoje 1927 incorporated into the city of Königsberg
Quednau Severnaya Gora
Stephen Sokolowka
Ziegelau
Manor districts:
Absinthe germ
Ballieth Pervomaiski
Third Pervomaiski
Ernsthof
Miss Court Kutuzovo 1029 incorporated into the rural community of Quednau
Maraunenhof Bolshiye Prudy 1927 incorporated into the city of Königsberg
Quednau Severnaya Gora In 1885 the rural community of Quednau was incorporated
Seeds Dubossekovo
Schäferwalde
Sudau Maikowo
Zoegershof

On March 29, 1906, the rural community of Devau (Russian: Rischskoje) was reclassified from the Kalthof district (also in Russian: Rischskoje) to the Quednau district, but in 1927 it came to the city of Königsberg. Due to structural changes in 1931 only the three communities Quednau, Stiegehnen (Sokolowka) and Ziegelau (no longer existent) belonged to the Quednau district. On April 1, 1939, Quednau and Stiegehnen were also incorporated into Königsberg and Ziegelau was assigned to the Neuhausen district (Russian: Gurjewsk). The Quednau district was then dissolved.

Buildings

Quednauer Church

The Quednauer Church in 1930

The Quednauer Church , which dates from the 16th century and was a plastered stone building, was famous . Restored several times in the 19th century, it survived the Second World War almost undamaged. In the following years, however, it fell into disrepair and was completely removed at the beginning of the 1970s. There is now a meadow where the church stood. One of the bells that rings today in the Martinikirche in Stöckheim in Lower Saxony is preserved from the church .

For the history of the Quednauer church and parish see the special article Quednauer Kirche

Fort Quednau

Fort Quednau in 2008

The fort , which was built between 1872 and 1884 , was one of the largest twelve fortification buildings in Königsberg in the north of the city and was used in different ways between the two world wars. It was named "Fort 3 Friedrich Wilhelm I. "

For the origin and importance of Fort Quednau see the special article Fort Quednau

Personalities

  • Nalube , a Prussian, was the leader of the Quednauer against the order

“But Nalube, the Quednauer, soon renewed the siege, and Prussian ships placed in the mouth of the Pregel prevented any delivery until a citizen from Lübeck and some men who spoke the Old Prussian language came to them in a messenger. They were mistaken for friends in the dark of night; But the Lübeck man now secretly pierced the Prussian vehicles, some of which sank. The Prussians then built a bridge over the Pregel and covered each end of the bridge with an entrenchment; but despair increased the courage of the garrison of Konigsberg, which was extremely deprived by hunger. She landed on the bridge, and defeated the far superior enemy. A new enclosure of Königsberg was not carried out because the Prussian general Herkus Monte was wounded when this enterprise began. But the city of Königsberg, which was then located on today's Steindamm, was attacked by Nalube and burned. To avenge this, the castle's crew made a failure; Nalube was defeated, all booty stolen again, and the city was rebuilt by the Order in 1264 on the site of today's old town. "

  • Erhardus Sperber (1529–1608), Prussian Lutheran theologian and writer, was a pastor at the Quednau Church from 1554 to 1558
  • Siegfried Großmann (born February 28, 1930 in Quednau), German physicist

literature

in order of appearance

  • Ludwig von Baczko : An attempt at a history and description of Königsberg. Koenigsberg 1804.
  • Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland. Königsberg 1844, pp. 99-100 ( books.google.de ) and pp. 112-113 ( books.google.de ).
  • Richard Armstedt: history of the royal. Capital and residence city of Königsberg in Prussia. Reprint of the original edition, Stuttgart 1899.
  • Georg Gerullis : The old Prussian place names. Berlin, Leipzig 1922.
  • Fritz Gause : The history of the city of Königsberg in Prussia . 3 volumes. Böhlau, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-412-08896-X .
  • Grasilda Blažiene: The Baltic place names in Samland (= Hydronymia Europaea. Special Volume II). Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-515-07830-4 .
  • Baldur Köster: Königsberg. Architecture from the German era . Husum Druck, Husum 2000, ISBN 3-88042-923-5 .
  • Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon. City and surroundings . Flechsig, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
  • V. Kulakov: Pamjatniky istorii i kultury. Kaliningrad . Historical and artistic monuments. Kaliningrad. Moscow 2005, ISBN 5-902425-01-8 (Russian: Pamjatniky istorii i kultury. Kaliningrad .).
  • Jürgen Manthey : Königsberg - history of a world citizenship republic. Hanser, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-446-20619-1 .
  • Gunnar Strunz: Discover Königsberg. Between Memel and fresh lagoon . Trescher, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89794-071-X .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Quednau
  2. ^ A b Rolf Jehke: District Quednau.
  3. ^ Uli Schubert: Community directory, district of Königsberg.
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Suburbs of Königsberg at ostpreussen.net.
  6. Ludwig von Baczko: Attempting a history and description of Königsberg. Königsberg 1804. pp. 25-26.