Sątoczno

Sątoczno
	Sątoczno
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Kętrzyn
Gmina :	Korsze
Geographic location :	54 ° 14 '  N , 21 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 13 '59 "  N , 21 ° 6' 1"  E
Residents :	130 (2011)
Postal code :	11-430
Telephone code :	(+48) 89
License plate :	NKE
Economy and Transport
Street :	Sępopol - Suliki - Prosna ↔ Krelikiejmy - Skandawa
	Glitajny / ext. 590 - Bykowo → Sątoczno
	Marłuty - Łękajny → Sątoczno
Rail route :	no rail connection
Next international airport :	Danzig

Farmhouse in Sątoczno

Village square

Entrance area of ​​the school building

Sątoczno ( German  Leunenburg ) is a village in Poland in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the urban and rural community of Korsze ( Korschen ) in the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ).

geography

Sątoczno is located in northern Poland, about twelve kilometers south of the state border with the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad and 25 kilometers northwest of the district town of Kętrzyn ( German  Rastenburg ).

history

Sątoczno is the oldest town in the Korsze Commune and the Kętrzyński Powiat . In 1325/1326 Dietrich von Altenburg had a castle built on the site of today's Sątoczno. The associated village had an area of ​​20 hooves . The area was called Lunen , which means morass and indicates the subsoil of the area at that time.

In 1340 the place was designated as a chamber office , from 1342 or 1343 the place was the seat of a commandery . However, this was already dissolved again in 1347 after an attack by the Lithuanians had led to severe destruction, with the wooden church also being destroyed. The area now belonged to the Balga Commandery again , later it was subordinated to the Rhine Commandery and then to the keeper in Rastenburg ( Kętrzyn ). The place recovered quickly from the attack and the castle and the houses were rebuilt. There was one mill and eight taverns in the 14th century. Leunenburg also received city ​​rights , but the actual festival has not been preserved and it is therefore unclear when the rights were granted.

Knight Albrecht Vogt von Ammerthal (also Albrecht Voith or Veith ) received the estate from the Teutonic Order in 1468 as a reward for his battles against the Lithuanians. His daughter Barbara married Botho zu Eulenburg in 1490 after his death and also brought the town of Prassen ( Prosno ) into their families. To 1610 was Leunenburg ancestral home of Count Eulenburg , after riotous living was the seat. 1526 belonged to the parish Leunenburg the villages Glittehnen ( Polish Glitajny ), cold cheeks (Kałwągi) , Wangnick (Wągniki) , Just germ (Błuskajmy) , Wormen (Studzieniec) , Schlömpen (Słępy) and Köskeim (Kaskajmy) .

In 1580, 1586 and 1591, severe fires raged in the village and destroyed most of the houses. The plague raged in 1625 and the castle was destroyed in 1628 during the Swedish-Polish War . Further destruction was caused by the Tatars who looted the city in 1656/1657 and burned buildings. In 1709, numerous residents again died of the plague. In 1785 there were still 28 houses in Leunenburg. The Napoleonic Wars led to further destruction and looting, so that the place could not return to its old meaning. In 1817 the place was only mentioned as a village.

In 1874 Leunenburg was in the newly built office district riotous (Polish Prosna ) in the county Rastenburg in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia incorporated. On November 5, 1890, the rural community of Leunenburg gave up its independence and was incorporated into the Prassen estate .

In 1945, at the end of World War II , the Red Army marched into the area. As a result of the war, the village became part of Poland and Leunenburg was renamed first in Laukinikowo and later in Sątoczno . The place became the seat of a municipality, which comprised an area of ​​10,388 hectares with 33 villages. A cinema was set up in 1949 and a village library in 1950. A school was later built. When the municipalities were dissolved in 1954, Sątoczno became the seat of a Gromada . In 1973 the Gromadas were dissolved and the village became the seat of a Schulzenamt ( sołectwo ) with six localities.

Population numbers

In 1817 186 people lived in 27 houses in the village. In 1970 the population was 163 and in 2011 there were 130.

Ordensburg

In 1325/1326 Dietrich von Altenburg had a castle built on the site of today's Sątoczno. The area was called Lunen , which means morass and indicates the subsoil of the area at that time. After that the castle was named. In 1340 the place was designated as a chamber office , from 1342 or 1343 the place was the seat of a commandery . However, this was dissolved again in 1347 after an attack by the Lithuanians had led to severe destruction. The area now belonged to the Balga Commandery again , later it was subordinated to the Rhine Commandery and then to the caretaker in Rastenburg ( Kętrzyn ). The place recovered quickly from the attack and the castle and the houses were rebuilt. Knight Albrecht Vogt von Ammerthal (also Albrecht Voith or Veith ) received the estate from the Teutonic Order in 1468 as a reward for his battles against the Lithuanians. His daughter Barbara married Botho zu Eulenburg in 1490 after his death and also brought the town of Prassen ( Prosno ) into their families. Until 1610 Leunenburg was the ancestral seat of the Counts of Eulenburg . The castle was destroyed in 1628 during the Swedish-Polish War . Further destruction was caused by the Tatars who looted the city in 1656/1657 and burned buildings.

The remains of the Teutonic Order's castle, which was destroyed in 1628, were the subject of archaeological investigations in 1992/1993 and again in 2003.

church

→ Main article : Church of Christ the King (Sątoczno)

Church building

The church of Christ the King ( Kościół pw. Chrystusa Króla ), which was Protestant until 1945 and is now Catholic , was built around 1350. Some alterations were made as early as 1400. So a church tower and the sacristy were built. Furthermore, in the south of the nave, the vestibule with a pointed arched entrance and stepped gable, vaulted inside with an eight-part star vault, was built. In 1591, after a city fire, the tower was raised, in 1842 it received a neo-Gothic stepped gable and was raised again. At the turn of the 14th to the 15th century, the octagonal choir was built. Fundamental renovation work was carried out from 1839 to 1842. The organ of the church was built in 1745 by Adam Gottlob Casparini . The altar was created in 1824 by Karl Ludwig Biereichel from Rößel ( Reszel in Polish ).

The grave chapel of the zu Eulenburg family is located next to the church and was built at the beginning of the 17th century. The inscription plate dates from 1785, the gable from 1887.

Church / parish

Evangelical

A church was founded in Leunenburg in the pre-Reformation period. From 1525 to 1945 the congregation was a Protestant denomination and most recently belonged to the church district Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . From 1926 it was united with the newly established parish in Korschen (in Polish: Korsze ), but the parish seat remained in Leunenburg. The church patronage was incumbent on the Counts of Eulenburg. Flight and expulsion of the local population in the war and post-war period put an end to the Protestant community in Leunenburg. Protestant residents living here today belong to the parish in Kętrzyn - with the branch churches in Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) and Barciany (Barten) in the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

After 1945 the number of Catholic residents in Sątoczno skyrocketed. They took over the previously evangelical church as their place of worship. On May 25, 1974, a Catholic parish was founded here, which today belongs to the Deanery Sępopol (Schippenbeil) in the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Polish Catholic Church .

Eastern Green Velo cycle path

The Eastern Green Velo Cycle Route ( Polish: Wschodni Szlak Rowerowy Green Velo ) has been running through Sątoczno since 2015 , which - here in the Sępopol - Korsze - Barciany section - crosses five voivodeships over a length of 2071 kilometers and crosses nature parks and historical and culturally special cities.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Streets

A side road leads through the village, which in the northwest after seven kilometers to Sępopol (Schippenbeil) and in the northeast after twelve kilometers to Skandawa (Skandau) . The road from Glitajny and the provincial road 590 ends in Sątoczno . Another side road from Marłuty (Marlutten) and Łękajny (Langkeim) ends in the town.

rails

Sątoczno does not have its own train station. The nearest train station is in Korsze (Korschen) , eight kilometers south , where there are direct connections to Olsztyn (Allenstein) and Posen and Białystok .

air

The closest international airport is Kaliningrad Airport , which is located about 80 kilometers northwest on Russian territory and - as it does not belong to the European Union - can only be used to a very limited extent. The nearest international airport on Polish territory is Lech Wałęsa Airport in Gdansk, about 170 kilometers to the west .

Native of the place

• Gottfried Ewert (born August 12, 1921 in Leunenburg; † 2014), German major general

literature

• Tadeusz Swat: Dzieje Wsi . In: Aniela Bałanda and others: Kętrzyn. Z dziejów miasta i okolic . Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1978, pp. 220-222 ( Seria monografii miast Warmii i Mazur ).
• Karl Borchardt: Documents from Leunenburg in East Prussia from 1368 to 1563. In: Contributions to the history of West Prussia . 16, 1999, ISSN  0341-9436 , pp. 55-93.

Web links

Commons : Sątoczno  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Leunenburg in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Description on ostpreussen.net (German)
• Literature review on Leunenburg / Sątoczno at the Herder Institute

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1135
2. ↑ ^{a b c} korsze.com, Sątoczno , accessed on April 5, 2009
3. ↑ Swat 1978, p. 220
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Swat 1978, p. 221
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} ostpreussen.net, History of Satoczno - Leunenburg , May 1, 2003 ( WebCite ( Memento from April 5, 2009 on WebCite ))
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} University of Hamburg, The virtual Prussian document book - PrUB, JS 437, 1468 January 10. Königsberg , accessed on May 5, 2009
7. ^ Rolf Jehke, Prassen district
8. ↑ ^{a b} Swat 1978, p. 222
9. ^ Wieś Sątoczno w liczbach
10. ↑ Swat 1978, p. 220
11. ↑ ^{a b} ostpreussen.net, church in Leunenburg , May 1, 2003 ( WebCite ( Memento from April 5, 2009 on WebCite ))
12. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 473
13. ↑ Christ the King parish of Sątoczno in the Archdiocese of Warmia
14. ↑ Green Velo website