Skandawa

Skandawa and Skandawa (Osada)
	Skandawa and Skandawa (Osada)
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Kętrzyn
Gmina :	Barciany
Geographic location :	54 ° 16 '  N , 21 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 16 '24 "  N , 21 ° 15' 16"  E
Height :	52 m npm
Residents :	180 (2011)
Postal code :	11-410
Telephone code :	(+48) 89
License plate :	NKE
Economy and Transport
Street :	Prosna - Stawnica - Krelikiejmy ↔ Frączkowo - Kotki / ext . 591
	Rutka - Momajny → Skandawa
	Solkieniki → Skandawa
Rail route :	no more passenger traffic
Next international airport :	Danzig
Administration (as of 2009)
Mayor :	Robert Wilamowski

Skandawa (2009)

Skandawa ( German Skandau ) with Skandawa (Osada) are places in Poland in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . They belong to the municipality of Barciany (Barten) in the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ).

Geographical location

Skandawa is located in northeastern Poland, seven kilometers south of the state border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast . Neighboring villages are Momajny in the north, Frączkowo (Fritzendorf) in the east, Modgarby (Modgarben) in the south, Krzeczewo (Sonnenburg) and Silginy (Sillginnen) in the south-west and Solkieniki (Solknick) in the north-west . It is eleven kilometers to the north to the former district town of Gerdauen (now in Russian Schelesnodoroschny ), today's district metropolis Kętrzyn ( German  Rastenburg ) is 21 kilometers to the southeast.

The settlement ( Polish: Osada ) Skandawa is about 1000 meters south of the village.

history

Local history

Inn, now in the open-air museum of Olsztynek (Hohenstein )

Today's Skandawa was built in the 14./15. Century from a series of smaller goods. Between 1335 and 1341 the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Dietrich von Altenburg gave three hooks to the brothers Santape and Joduthe. In 1364 Fritz von Wohnsdorf owned a manor here under Kulm law . In the following year there were already two manors under Magdeburg law with an area of ​​24 hooves . In 1437 Hans Schordemer was the owner of the two manors . There was also an estate under Kulmer law with an area of ​​40 hooves. In the 16th century, the von Egloffsteins acquired parts of Skandau.

A classical manor house was built between 1826 and 1828 . The builder was Countess Sophie von Schwerin , and Karl Friedrich Schinkel also worked on the construction . In the years from 1930 to 1940 the building was extensively renovated, but destroyed in the Second World War and not rebuilt. The estate last belonged to Dietrich Graf von Dönhoff (1902–1991), a brother of Marion Countess Dönhoff , who had inherited it from his uncle Stanislaus Graf von Dönhoff . His wife was Karin ("Sissi") von Lehndorff, sister of the resistance fighter Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort .

At the end of World War II, the Red Army invaded the area. Initially, the place remained part of the Gerdauen district because the future demarcation was not clear. The district was dissolved on January 1, 1947 and Skandau was called "Skandawa" part of the newly formed Polish Powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ). A local council was formed on April 23, 1947. From 1954 the village was the seat of a Gromada , which in 1960 had an area of ​​100.62 km² and 2753 inhabitants. In 1967 a medical center was established and in 1974 a state agricultural cooperative ( Państwowe Gospodarstwo Rolne , PGR) was founded with a cultivated area of ​​6,980 hectares . In 1970 there was a primary school in Skandawa attended by 38 children, a library and a 100-seat cinema. 1973, with the dissolution of the Gromadas, the place was the seat of a municipality with eleven Schulzenämter (Polish Sołectwo ) and 41 localities. The school authorities were Asuny (Assaunen) , Duje (Doyen , 1938 to 1945 Dugen) , Gradowo (Althagel) , Krelikiejmy (Kröligkeim) , Lwowiec (Löwenstein) , Michałkowo (Langmichels) , Modgarby (Modgarben) , Mołtajny (Molthainen , 1938 to 1945 Molteinen) , Momajny (Momehnen) , Silginy (Sillginnen) and Skandawa itself. in 1977, the community was dissolved, the mayor's office Lwowiec came to the municipality Sępopol (Schippenbeil) , the rest of the community Barciany (Barten) in kętrzyn county (county Rastenburg ) until 1998 Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Population development

Residential house in Skandawa

In 1785 the village and the associated Vorwerk had 26 residential buildings. In 1910 Skandau had 578 inhabitants (154 in the village, 424 in the estate), in 1933 there were 507 and in 1939 the place had 503 inhabitants. In 1970 there were 267 people in Skandawa. In 2011, 180 inhabitants were registered in Skandawa.

Skandau District (1874–1945)

On 9 April 1874 Skandau got the status of an official village awarded and became the namesake for an office district in the county Gerdauen in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia . The rural community and the manor district of Skandau were incorporated as two communal units in the administrative district. When the two merged to form the new rural community on September 30, 1928, it was only an administrative district community until 1945.

church

The St. Adalbert Catholic Church in Skandawa

Evangelical

Until 1945 Skandau was parish in the parish of the church Laggarben ( Polish Garbno ) of the united parishes Laggarben - Dietrichsdorf in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Today Skandawa and the Skandawa settlement belong to the Protestant parish in Barciany , a branch parish of the Johanneskirche in Kętrzyn within the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

Before 1945 only a few Catholics lived in Skandau. They were parish in the distant parish church of St. Bruno in Insterburg (today Chernyachovsk in Russian ), which belonged to the deanery of Tilsit (Sowetsk) in what was then the diocese of Warmia .

After 1945, numerous new Polish citizens settled in Skandawa, almost all of whom belonged to the Catholic denomination. In the 1980s, a Catholic parish was established here, which built its own church dedicated to Adalbert of Prague ( Św. Wojciech in Polish ). The parish is assigned to the parish Momajny in the deanery Kętrzyn II (Rastenburg northeast) within the current Archdiocese of Warmia .

traffic

Street

Skandawa is located on a side road that leads in an easterly direction via Frączkowo (Fritzendorf) to Kotki (Krausen) , four kilometers away , where it joins Voivodship Road 591 (former German Reichsstraße 141 ). In a westerly direction a road leads to Silginy (Sillginnen) and Krelikiejmy (Kröligkeim) , in a north- westerly direction to Solkieniki (Solknick) or to Momajny (Momehnen) and Rutka (Rauttersfelde) .

rail

The orphaned station building in Skandawa

The place has a train station; However, this is no longer used for regular passenger transport. The railway line was laid out at the end of the 19th century and led in the north to Gerdauen (today in Russian Schelesnodoroschny ) and on to Insterburg (Tschernjachowsk) , as well as in the south to Korschen (in Polish Korsze ) and on to Allenstein ( Olsztyn ) and Thorn ( Toruń ).

air

The closest international airport is Kaliningrad Airport , which is located about 80 kilometers northwest on Russian territory - outside the European Union - and can therefore only be used to a very limited extent. The nearest international airport on Polish territory is Lech Wałęsa Airport in Gdansk, about 180 kilometers to the west .

Personalities

Native of the place

• Bogislav von Dönhoff (born August 24, 1881 in Skandau), German diplomat and politician († 1961)
• Wolf Wiechert (born March 31, 1938 in Skandau), German writer

Connected to the place

• Stanislaus von Dönhoff (1862–1929), Prussian chamberlain and landowner in Skandau

literature

• Tadeusz Swat: Dzieje Wsi . In: Aniela Bałanda and others: Kętrzyn. Z dziejów miasta i okolic . Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1978, pp. 224-225 ( Seria monografii miast Warmii i Mazur ).

Web links

Commons : Skandawa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Historical photos of the manor house in Skandau
• Description on ostpreussen.net

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1154
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Swat 1978, p. 224.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Skandawa - Skandau at ostpreussen.net
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Swat 1978, p. 225.
5. ↑ Kętrzyn: z dziejów miasta i okolic , Olsztyn 1978, pp. 302-303.
6. ^ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Gerdauen
7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Gerdauen (Russian Schelesnodoroschnyj). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ^ Wieś Skandawa w liczbach
9. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Jehke, Skandau district
10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 458