Drogosze

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Drogosze
Drogosze does not have a coat of arms
Drogosze (Poland)
Drogosze
Drogosze
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Kętrzyn
Gmina : Barciany
Geographic location : 54 ° 13 '  N , 21 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 12 '31 "  N , 21 ° 14' 7"  E
Residents : 561 (2010)
Postal code : 11-410
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NKE
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 590 : Biskupiec - Reszel - Korsze ↔ Barciany
Kolwiny → Drogosze
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Drogosze ( German  Dönhoffstädt , 1911 to 1945 Dönhofstädt ) is a village in the municipality of Barciany (Barten) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 17 kilometers northwest of the district town of Kętrzyn ( German  Rastenburg ) and 73 kilometers southeast of Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg (Prussia) ).

history

Local history

The first documentary mention of Groß Wolfsdorf, which is connected with Dönhofstädt, comes from the year 1361. Konrad von Wolffersdorf received the land from the Teutonic Order and founded a settlement. From 1598 to 1606 the von Rautter family , who had lived here since 1477, built a castle. Later a von Dönhoff married into the Rautter family and received the place as a dowry . The manor district was then given the name Dönhoffstädt , the spelling of which was changed to "Dönhofstädt" on July 4, 1911. The village kept the name " Groß Wolfsdorf ".

Dönhoffstädt Castle

At one time 25 villages belonged to Gut Dönhoffstädt. After the castle was burned down by a lightning strike in 1690, Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff had a new castle built from 1710 to 1716. The size and quality of the building corresponded to the wishes of King Friedrich I. The Kingdom of Prussia , newly founded in 1701, was to be provided with some splendid baroque castles for reasons of cultural representation, so the castles Friedrichstein (also Count Dönhoff), Finckenstein were built in competition with each other almost simultaneously (Count Finck von Finckenstein), Schlobitten and Schlodien (Count Dohna) and Capustigall (Count Waldburg), of which only Dönhoffstädt still exists today (see below) .

On April 30, 1874 Dönhofstädt office Village was and thus its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and the county Rastenburg in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.

On September 30, 1928, the rural community Groß Wolfsdorf and the manor district Dönhofstädt as well as parts of the manor districts Karschau (Polish: Karszewo) and Glittehnen (Polish: Glitajny) merged to form the new rural community Dönhofstädt.

After the Second World War , Groß Wolfsdorf was placed under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland by the Soviet occupying power, together with the southern half of East Prussia and all of West Prussia, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In 1946, the Polish place name " Wilkowo Wielkie " was briefly introduced for Groß Wolfsdorf , and Dönhofstädt was given the Polish name form "Drogosze". The remaining German residents were subsequently expelled by the Poles. The castle of the Dönhoffs family was used for agricultural training from 1954, especially for training tractor drivers.

Also in 1954 Drogosze became the seat of a Gromada . In 1960 it covered 49.35 km² with 1665 inhabitants. The Gromada was dissolved on July 1, 1968.

From 1974 the castle was used as a holiday camp. In 1973 the village became part of the Gmina Barciany (Barten) . The Schulzenamt (Polish Sołectwo ) Drogosze belonged to four localities. Through an administrative reform, the village came to the newly formed Olsztyn Voivodeship in 1975 . After its dissolution, it was part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship from 1999.

Population numbers

In 1817 there were 34 houses in Groß Wolfsdorf. The following is a graphic representation of the population development:

District Dönhofstädt (1874–1945)

Eight municipalities belonged to the Dönhofstädt district when it was established. In the end there were three more due to structural changes:

German name Polish name Remarks
Dönhofstädt
until 1911: Dönhoffstädt 		Drogosze
Groß Winkeldorf
until 1881/83: Winkeldorf-Glittehnen
and Winkeldorf-Karschau 		Wiklewo 1929 reclassified to the district of Paaris
Groß Wolfsdorf Wilkowo Wielkie 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Dönhofstädt
Kamplack Kąpławki
Karschau Karszewo 1929 reclassified to the Korschen district
Modgarben , village Modgarby 1928 reclassified to the district of Sansgarben
Modgarben, good 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Modgarben
from 1929:
Plehnen 		in the administrative district to 1929 Lamgarben or Paaris incorporated

On January 1, 1945, only the municipalities of Dönhofstädt, Kamplack and Plehnen formed the Dönhofstädt district.

Baroque Dönhofstädt Palace

lock

The castle of Count Dönhoff was built after a fire in the old Renaissance castle of Groß Wolfsdorf for Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff on a slope a little away from the old location and named "Dönhoffstädt". The building was designed by the architect Jean de Bodt (1670–1745) and the builder John von Collas (1678–1753), both Huguenots. It was built from 1710 to 1716 and was then owned by the Dönhoff family until 1816.

When the estate was divided after the death of Count Stanislaus Dönhoff in 1816, his sisters shared the extensive family property, with Angélique Dönhoff (1793–1863) receiving the estate and castle Dönhoffstädt. She was later married to Count Georg zu Dohna . In 1863 her niece Marianne Gräfin zu Stolberg-Wernigerode , b. Freiin von Romberg (1821–1884) took over the extensive Dönhofstädt estate, whose descendants lived here until 1945. Her son Count Udo zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (1840-1910) was President of the Reichstag . The castle had its own theater in the west wing, an extensive library and a house chapel in the east wing, which was redesigned in the neo-Gothic style in the 1830s. Behind the castle to the south extends an extensive landscape park, which goes back to Count Bogislav Dönhoff (1754-1809) and which u. a. also owned a fallow deer enclosure (animal park). Remains of the baroque gardens were preserved in the form of some sandstone sculptures or vases in the area around the palace until 1945. Significant parts of the archive were evacuated by the Poles after 1945 and are now in the Olsztyn archive ( Allenstein in German  ).

When the area came under Polish administration after the Second World War, an agricultural school was initially set up in the building. The building has not been used since the end of the People's Republic of Poland . Plans to build a hotel have not yet been implemented.

  • gallery

  • Dönhoffstädt Castle, 1856, lithograph after the watercolor by August Behrendsen, Alexander Duncker Collection

  • Dönhofstädt Palace (2011)

  • Ceiling painting in the castle

  • Memorial chapel from 1884 with mock sarcophagi made of marble by Eduard Lürssen , 1889, with reclining figures of the siblings Angelika and Stanislaus Dönhoff

  • Memorial stone for Count Udo zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (1840–1910) in the garden of Dönhofstädt Palace

Castle chapel

The church patron Count Bogislaw Friedrich von Dönhoff established a chapel in the eastern part of the palace in 1725 . It was built in a rectangular shape from field stones and had no tower: the bells hung in the roof. The interior and its furnishings were kept very simple in accordance with the taste of the builder and committed to the Reformed tradition. The ceiling was vaulted and partially decorated with stucco .

The Lübeck letter chapel organ was the organ of the Dönhofstädt palace chapel from 1730 to 1933

The Königsberg organ builder Johann Schwartz made a small house organ in 1734/24, which was installed in 1730. It was single-manual with eight voices in bass and treble division and had no pedal. In 1933 the Lübeck organ builder Karl Kemper brought the instrument from Dönhofstädt to the Hanseatic city - probably in exchange for a new organ. At first it had its place there in the Katharinenkirche , in 1948 it was moved to the Marienkirche , where it functioned as a so-called "letter chapel organ" and still sounds today as a well-preserved baroque organ to accompany church services - especially between January and March in the letter chapel as a winter church .

In 1818 the Reformed parish of Dönhofstädt joined the Old Prussian Union in the union of Lutheran and Reformed churches, but it took even longer to maintain its own life. In the 1830s, a redesign of the chapel began, which also included Lutheran elements. On August 5, 1860, the altar made in Rome from Carrara marble was brought in, with a marble bas-relief of the Entombment of Christ by August Wittig (1823-1893), who also designed the base reliefs of the baptism and the resurrection of Christ in white marble. The marble altar relief is now in the St. Johannes Evangelist Church in Bartoszyce ( German Bartenstein ). A carved pulpit was placed over the altar .  

In addition to the castle chapel, the memorial chapel for the then landowners from 1884 is still preserved today. a. with marble sarcophagi by the Berlin sculptor Eduard Lürssen (1840–1891) for members of the von Dönhof family.

After 1945, the castle chapel, like the castle, was used for other and profane uses.

church

Evangelical

Church history

In 1725 a Protestant parish was established in Dönhofstädt , which used the palace chapel as a place of worship and was committed to the Reformed tradition. The patronage was assigned to the landowners - until the 19th century the von Dönhoff family . The Dönhofstädter community was for many years a center of the Reformed in the area Barten , Bartenstein , Gerdauen and Neidenburg .

In 1818 the Dönhofstädt parish joined the Old Prussian Union and was part of the Reformed Church District of Königsberg in Prussia. In 1875 it was merged with the neighboring church Groß Wolfsdorf (the place was merged into Drogosze after 1945), so that both parishes were looked after under one parish office. Both communities were then subordinate to the church district Rastenburg in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1925 the parish of Groß Wolfsdorf-Dönhofstädt had 1,530 parish members, of whom 1,375 lived in the parish of Groß Wolfsdorf and 155 in the parish of Dönhofstädt.

Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to church life in the place then called Drogosze. Protestant church members who live here today belong to the parish of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) with the nearby branch church in Barciany (Barten) within the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Parish Dönhofstädt

The parish Dönhofstädt in the parish of Groß Wolfsdorf-Dönhofstädt included the Dönhofstädter residential areas: castle, office, brickyard and train station.

Pastor

The Reformed clergy were in office in Dönhofstädt until 1874:

  • Johann Jakob Ulrich, 1720–1737
  • Johann Gotthard Graevius, 1738–1776
  • Georg Ludwig Krulle, 1777–1808
  • Thomas Wilhelm Wiederhold, 1809–1838
  • Ludwig Heinrich Hitzigrath, 1838–1845
  • Heinrich Dietrich OF von Behr, 1845–1856
  • Johann Karl Julius Axenfeld, 1856–1861
  • Heinrich Ernst P. Holland, 1861–1872
  • Konstantin Bernhard Th. Meyer, 1872–1874.

After that, the clergy of the common parish Groß Wolfsdorf-Dönhofstädt officiated at the castle chapel Dönhofstädt, where they celebrated a monthly service. The rectory, however, remained Dönhofstädt.

Church records

The church registers of the Dönhofstädt parish have been preserved and are kept at the German Central Office for Genealogy in Leipzig :

  • Baptisms, weddings and funerals from 1721 to 1842.

Catholic

The once Protestant church in Groß Wolfsdorf, today the Catholic Church of the Mother of God from the Gate of Dawn

Before 1945, only a few Catholics lived in the Dönhofstädt area . They were assigned to the parish Sturmhübel ( Polish: Grzęda ) until 1905, then to the parish of Rastenburg ( Kętrzyn ) and from 1931 to the parish of Korschen ( Korsze ) in the Diocese of Warmia .

As a result of the war, numerous new Polish citizens settled in the place now called Drogosze, almost all of whom belonged to the Catholic denomination. They formed a community here and claimed the previously evangelical church in Groß Wolfsdorf - now located on the Drogosze soil - for themselves. On April 1, 1962, a separate parish was established here, which belongs to the Deanery Reszel (Rößel) in the current Archdiocese of Warmia . The parish church bears the name: Church of the Mother of God of the Gate of Dawn .

traffic

Drogosze and Wilkowo Wielkie (Groß Wolfsdorf) are conveniently located on Voivodship Road 590 , which connects Barciany (Barten) with the towns of Korsze (Korschen) , Reszel (Rößel) and Biskupiec (Bischofsburg) in a north-south direction . There is also a side road from Kolwiny (Kolbiehnen) to the town.

From 1871, Dönhofstädt was a train station on the Toruń – Tschernjachowsk ( German  Thorn – Insterburg ) railway , which was only used in its entirety in 1945. Today, trains run from Poznan via Toruń and Olsztyn (Allenstein) only to Korsze (Korschen) . On April 2, 2004, the entire section from Korsze to the Polish-Russian state border was finally closed. The railway station (until 1945: Bahnhof) Dönhofstädt was called "Starogród Pomnik" between 1945 and 1945, then "Drogosze".

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the village

  • Anton von Behr (1849–1931), German architect, Prussian construction officer, monument conservator and architecture writer

Connected to the place

Others

In 1867, Hermann Frischbier published a High German text version of the folk and children's song " Spannenlanger Hansel " with the indication of origin "Dönhoffstädt in East Prussia" in his collection Prussian folk rhymes and folk games published in Königsberg (Prussia) .

literature

  • Kerrin Countess von Schwerin: Wilhelmstrasse 63 fateful years of a Prussian family . vbb - Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86650-632-9 .
  • Carl von Lorck : The German mansions . Volume 1: Manor houses in East Prussia. Design and cultural content . With descriptive directory. Gräfe and Unzer, Königsberg 1933.
  • Tadeusz Swat: Dzieje Wsi . In: Aniela Bałanda and others: Kętrzyn. Z dziejów miasta i okolic . Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1978, pp. 168-171 (Seria monografii miast Warmii i Mazur) .

Web links

Commons : Drogosze  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Barciany (powiat kętrzyński, województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) w 2010 r. ( Online query ).
  2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 234
  3. ↑ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Dönhofstädt
  4. ↑ Dönhofstädt at GenWiki
  5. ↑ a b c Rolf Jehke, Dönhofstädt district
  6. ^ Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 168
  7. ↑ for 1817 Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 168
    for 1885 and 1939 Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rastenburg district (Polish Ketrzyn). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). for 1970; Tadeusz Swat; 1978; P. 171 for 2010 Główny Urząd Statystyczny,     Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Barciany (powiat kętrzyński, województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) w 2010 r. ( Online query ).

  8. ↑ Dönhoffstädt (PDF; 256 kB) ( Memento of the original from March 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zlb.de
  9. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from June 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pension-talty.de
  10. ↑ a b c Eberhard Gresch, Evangelical Reformed in (East) Prussia , in: Circular letter of the Community of Evangelical East Prussia eV , No. 1/2011, pp. 1–32 [revised version from 2012]
  11. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2 Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen 1968, p. 79
  12. ↑ a b c house chapel (of Dönhofstädt Castle) at ostpreussen.net
  13. ↑ Walter Kraft, Three organs in St. Marien zu Lübeck , Lübeck, undated (1968)
  14. ↑ a b Walther Hubatsch, History of the Evangelical Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 473
  15. ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume 1, Göttingen 1968, p. 282
  16. ↑ Church in the East. Studies on Eastern European Church History and Church Studies, ed . by Robert Stupperich, Volume 8, 1965, p. 129
  17. ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, p. 232
  18. ^ Parafia Drogosze in the Archdiocese of Warmia
  19. ↑ Drogosze przystanek osobowy on atlaskolejowy.pl