Pastors' block

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Pastors' block , also known as the priest's block , were those barracks ( euphemistically : apartment blocks) in the National Socialist concentration camp Dachau in which clergymen of various denominations and nationalities, mostly Catholic or Polish, were imprisoned. In the Dachau concentration camp , the Nazi regime brought together all clergymen from all camps in several barracks towards the end of 1940.

Until 1940

Initially, only a few Reich German priests were admitted to the camp, and only for a short time. After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in March 1938, the SS transferred 14 Austrian priests to the camp. As with all prisoner blocks in the Dachau camp, the pastors' block were wooden barracks with a floor area of ​​100 × 10 meters. They corresponded to the status of imperial barracks at that time and had four rooms, called parlors. These in turn were divided into a bedroom and a day room. A washroom and a toilet room were available for two rooms each. Each room was furnished for 52 prisoners. The pastor's block later consisted of three adjoining apartment blocks: Blocks 26, 28 and 30. The other prisoners were not allowed to enter the pastor's area.

With the beginning of the Second World War , the National Socialists took action against clergy, especially in occupied Catholic Poland. Polish clergy had great influence in their nation. They have now been almost completely removed from their homeland. The Vatican and the German Catholic bishops soon intervened because of the prison conditions of the Catholic clergy. The National Socialists then made concessions as follows.

Central consolidation from all warehouses

So towards the end of 1940 the SS began to transfer all clergy, regardless of denomination, from the concentration camps to the Dachau camp. The clergy were housed in the three adjoining residential barracks, blocks 26, 28 and 30. While the prisoner group of Catholic priests received support from their official church with regard to their prison conditions, the imprisoned evangelical clergy, who mainly belonged to the Confessing Church , lacked appropriate support. On the part of the Evangelical Church in Germany, with the German Evangelical Church (DEK), there was neither a uniform church leadership nor a common stance of all regional churches and branches towards National Socialism.

Establishment of a chapel

In January 1941, a chapel was set up for the clergy in Block 26, Room 4, on the orders of the RFSS Heinrich Himmler . From January 22nd, the clergy were able to worship there every day. An SS guard was always present for supervision. The altar consisted of a small table covered with sheets. On it was a tiny goblet and a wooden monstrance , later a beautiful, homemade monstrance made of sheet metal. Gifts from outside church representatives arrived later. The Franciscan Thaddäus Brunke wrote large-format sheet music and texts for Gregorian chant at church services, which were in use until the liberation of the camp.

Preferred inmates

Prisoners Delivering Meal (June 28, 1938)

The priests were charged with clearing snow in winter. They drove wheelbarrows with snow in wooden shoes or carried it on boards from the prison campus. In March the SS deployed many on the plantation, in Freiland II.

At the end of March 1941 they were recalled by the work details and given the task of distributing the daily food in the camp. The SS now separated their apartment blocks with wire fences, and they were not allowed to have contact with normal prisoners.

From April 11, 1941, all clergymen received a larger ration of bread and other perks, for example a quarter of a liter of cocoa, a quarter of a liter of mass wine and an eighth of a liter of beer every day. The food privileges were funded by the Vatican. The priests were weighed once a week and bathed twice a week. The SS gave them "bed rest" for one hour each morning and afternoon. The benefits did not go down well with other inmates or SS men. The SS troops were now z. B. made sure that the clergy only drank the beer or held the service in their presence - and in each case as quickly as possible.

On the one hand, the separation made possible the easing of imprisonment required by the Vatican for its clergy. On the other hand, the other prisoners were withdrawn from the influence of the pastors. The privileges were associated with harassment on the part of the SS as well as mistrust and, in some cases, the deep dislike of other inmates for the “priests”. They were accused of being work shy. In September 1941 there was no better food. From now on, the SS granted the remaining privileges only to German and Austrian clergymen.

Particular harassment of the Polish clergy

On September 15, 1941, the German and Austrian clergy were housed in Block 26, Block 26 was now fenced off alone. The SS ordered the windows of the chapel to be painted white so that the prisoners would no longer have a view and so that resentment would be reduced. The remaining clergy were combined in the two blocks 28 and 30, which were soon completely overcrowded. The SS reassigned these two pastors' blocks to the entire camp by dismantling the fences and removing the privileges. Like other prisoners, these many clergymen were not allowed into the chapel in Block 26.

Because of the previous privileges, the Polish Catholic clergy found themselves exposed to the resentment of other prisoners and increasingly felt humiliation. They were under the supervision of the radical camp capo Hentschel , but were still assigned to the better work details. The mortality rate of the Polish clergy rose, many were also deported as invalids to Hartheim and killed there. Since they did not work in normal commandos, they were labeled as work-shy, viewed as useless eaters, and increasingly selected for medical test series . At Easter 1942 they had to punish them for a few days during Holy Week due to small things caused by harassment by the SS, even in sleet. They were forbidden from shopping in the canteen. These days, $ 700 was found in the apartment block of the Polish clergyman Stanisław Wierzbowski (* 1897). He was sentenced to 25 beatings and 42 days in detention and died as a result of the abuse.

In April, discrimination against the rest of the clergy against Polish and Lithuanian clergy was intensified. From now on, other clergymen were allowed to visit the chapel again - in block 26 with the German and Austrian clergy. The large number of Polish, however, was not allowed to do so. Instead, they were assigned to the normal work details. In total, almost half of the Polish clergy imprisoned died.

Barter in packages

A turnaround did not come about until late 1942, when the parcel restriction was lifted. Priests, especially Polish ones, received more parcels than others because their parishes also gave them to them. Rows of supplicants formed in front of the pastors' blocks, many of them Russian prisoners who never received parcels from home. Through the barter trade, Polish clergymen could now get back into better commands.

Total number and deaths

The Czech Catholic priest Bedřich Hoffman (Friedrich Hoffmann) , as a witness in the first Dachau trial, presented a collection of records showing that 324 Catholic priests died as a result of malaria attempts during their imprisonment in the Dachau concentration camp.

A total of 2,720 clergy were imprisoned during the twelve years; 132 were transferred to other camps or evacuated, 314 were released, 1,034 died in the camp. On Sunday, April 29, 1945, the Dachau camp was liberated; 1,240 clergy were among the prisoners.

Clergy by nation (death numbers in brackets):

  • 1,780 Poles (868), 4 relocated / evacuated, 78 released, 830 liberated;
  • 447 Germans and Austrians (94), 100 relocated / evacuated, 208 released, 45 liberated;
  • 156 French (10), 4 displaced / evacuated, 5 released, 137 liberated;
  • 109 Czechs (24), 10 relocated / evacuated, 1 released, 74 liberated;
  • 63 Dutch (17), 0 relocated / evacuated, 10 discharged, 36 exempted;
  • 50 Yugoslavs (4), 6 relocated / evacuated, 2 released, 38 liberated;
  • 46 Belgians (9), 3 relocated / evacuated, 1 released, 33 exempted;
  • 28 Italians (1), 1 relocated / evacuated, 0 dismissed, 26 liberated;
  • 16 Luxembourgers (6), 0 relocated / evacuated, 2 discharged, 8 exempted;
  • sporadically: 5 Danes , 2 Albanians , 2 English , 2 Greeks , 3 Lithuanians , 1 Norwegian , 1 Romanian , 1 Spanish , 2 Swiss , 3 Hungarians , 3 without citizenship.

Overview of the faiths:

  • 2,579 Catholic
  • 109 Protestant
  • 22 Greek Orthodox
  • 8 Old Catholic
  • 2 muslim

Mangold-Thoma list

The Franciscan Father Petrus Mangold († 1942 in Dachau), together with Pastor Emil Thoma from Eppingen , compiled a list of all Catholic and Protestant clergy known to them as concentration camp prisoners there until May 3, 1942 in the Dachau camp. It could be brought outside of the Dachau concentration camp by couriers. The reports and lists inherited from the teacher Mathilde Meny, who transferred the copyrights to the pastor and former fellow inmate Eugen Weiler . This published the list in cooperation u. a. with Georg Schelling , Richard Schneider and Anton Bornefeld under the title Die Geistlichen in Dachau and in other concentration camps and prisons, estate of Pastor Emil Thoma , expanded and edited by Eugen Weiler, 1971.

Imprisoned clergy

The following are clergymen in custody; the list is not complete.

Evangelical clergy

A.
B.
  • Ernst Berendt , pastor in Baden-Baden , since May 21, 1941
  • Peter Brunner , pastor from Ranstadt , March to June 1935 in the Dachau concentration camp, 1944 to 1947 as an illegal theology lecturer and official assistant preacher in Wuppertal-Elberfeld
  • Hans Buttler (1894–1970), pastor in Alvesse near Braunschweig, dismissed on April 3, 1945, from 1946 chairman of the tribunal of the Braunschweig State Church for the denazification of church officials
D.
  • Gustav Dittmer, pastor from Kroppach, Westerwald, inmate number 43,862
F.
G
H
  • Fritz Hoffmann , pastor from Wegenstedt , since September 12, 1941, released on March 12, 1942
  • Pastor Husar, from a town near Chemnitz
K
  • Walter Kaiser , pastor from Dresden , since May 30, 1941
  • Bernhard Kreuzberger, pastor from Frankfurt / Main, inmate number 37.244
N
  • Martin Niemöller , had been housed with prominent Catholic priests under privileged conditions in the “honor bunker” of the Dachau concentration camp since 1941; this camp area had no relation to the pastor's block; Liberated May 4, 1945
  • Wolfgang Niederstraßer (1907–1981), pastor from Warmensteinach , since April 1945
R.
  • Christian Reger (1905–1985), pastor from the Palatinate, from July 11, 1941 prisoner in Dachau, prisoner number 26661, released on April 3, 1945, from 1967 first pastor at the Evangelical Church of Reconciliation on the Dachau concentration camp grounds
  • Christian Reyer , pastor from Stieglitz / Netzekreis , since July 1, 1941
  • Paul Richter , pastor from Wilsdruff in Saxony, since March 1942; † August 13, 1942 in Dachau concentration camp
S.
T
W.
  • Johannes Wagner, pastor from Chemnitz , since September 12, 1941
  • Kurt Walter (born November 12, 1892 Danzig-Weichselmünde; † June 26, 1963 Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt), pastor at the Luther Church in Danzig-Langfuhr, from July 1942 to April 3, 1945
  • Ernst Wilm , pastor from Mennighüffen in Westphalia, from May 23, 1942 to January 2, 1945, from 1948 to 1969 President of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia
  • Klaas Tjarks Wiltfang (1889–1948), pastor in Grimmersum (East Friesland) since February 7, 1941, transferred to Hanover in April 1941, released from there due to incapacity for prison following a stroke .
Z

Catholic clergy

A.
  • Korbinian Aigner , priest of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , prisoner number 27,788, from June 23, 1941 until he was transferred to Sachsenhausen concentration camp on September 12, 1941 and from October 3, 1941 after he was transferred back to Dachau, escaped on the death march on April 28, 1945
  • Josef Albinger (born December 20, 1911; † October 26, 1995), a Catholic priest from the diocese of Fulda , was deported to the Dachau concentration camp for reading out a sermon by Cardinal von Galen
  • Alois Andritzki , priest of the Meißen diocese , prisoner number 27.829, since October 1941; † February 3, 1943 in Dachau
  • Leopold Arthofer (January 4, 1899 - July 24, 1977), Austrian pastor, in Dachau from April 28, 1941 to April 4, 1945, author of priests in Dachau and penitentiary .
  • Father Theodor Averberg , member of the religious order of the Steyler Missionaries , prisoner number 50.046, since July 30, 1943, liberated by former fellow prisoners on the April 1945 death march; † July 31, 1973 in Everswinkel / Westphalia
  • Father Josef Averesch , member of the Redemptorist Order , prisoner number 27,651, released since September 19, 1941, March 28, 1945; † July 20, 1949 in Hörstel / Westphalia
B.
  • Father Werner Barkholt SJ, inmate number 26,890, since August 8, 1941; † July 18, 1942 in Dachau
  • Ludwig Bauer , priest of the Speyer diocese , imprisoned from December 4, 1942 to April 4, 1945
  • Heinrich Becker, priest of the Paderborn diocese, Dachau concentration camp since January 16, 1943
  • Father August Benninghaus SJ, prisoner number 29.373, arrested June 27, 1941 in Münster , Sachsenhausen concentration camp since summer 1941 (prisoner number 39.790), Dachau concentration camp since March 11, 1942; † July 20, 1942 in Dachau
  • Josef Beran , later Archbishop of Prague
  • Hubert Berger , priest of the Aachen diocese , pastor in Otzenrath , since February 26, 1942
  • Jean Bernard , clergyman from Luxembourg , imprisoned May 1941 to August 1942, released
  • Adolf Bernhard, pastor in Hondingen (near Blumberg), prisoner number 24 217, murdered by injections of phlegmon
  • Franz Boehm , priest of the Archdiocese of Cologne, arrested July 20, 1944; † February 13, 1945 in Dachau
  • Anton Bornefeld , priest of the Münster diocese , prisoner number 63.120, since February 6, 1944, liberated May 29, 1945 † March 14, 1980 in Liesborn / Westphalia
  • Father Agnello van den Bosch , Belgian Franciscan (OFM) , founder and director of the Belgian Association of the Blind; † March 9, 1945 as a result of mistreatment in the Dachau concentration camp
  • Father Titus Brandsma , Carmelite ; † July 26, 1942 after medical experiments on him
  • Hans Brantzen (born October 22, 1912 in Kyllburg / Eifel; † October 18, 1979 in Mainz), priest of the Mainz diocese , 1938–1941 chaplain in Mainz, Offenbach-Bürgel and Heusenstamm, September 17, 1941 - March 28, 1945 concentration camp Dachau , prisoner number 28.603 Block 26/2, 1945–1947 chaplain and parish administrator of St. Ignaz (Mainz) , 1947–1950 chaplain in Bad Nauheim (on leave), Offenbach and Butzbach, 1950–1958 pastor of Nidda, 1958–1964 benefit administrator Heppenheim , 1964–1979 pastor of St. Johannes Evangelist (Mainz) , burial in the church October 24, 1979, naming of Pfarrer-Brantzen-Strasse in Mainz, formerly Lee Barracks , in memory of Hans Brantzen
  • Theo Brasse , priest of the Aachen diocese, chaplain in Lank until expulsion from the Rhineland , from August 16, 1941, released September 16, 1943; † March 26, 1987 in Nettetal-Hinsbeck
  • Wilhelm Braun, priest from Frankfurt (Oder) , prisoner number 15.332, December 11, 1935 to (?), 2nd imprisonment August 16, 1940; 1941 Transport to Buchenwald concentration camp , further fate unknown
  • Thaddäus Brunke (1903–1942), Franciscan Father, Guardian of the Frauenberg Monastery , chaplain to St. Bonifatius in Mannheim, arrested in 1940, transferred from the Breitenau concentration camp to the Dachau concentration camp in 1941 , died there on August 5, 1942
  • Father Stanislaw Bukowy SJ, priest from Poland (1910–1942); † in Dachau
  • Johannes Burkhart , priest of the Augsburg diocese , prisoner number 29,758, February 2, 1942 to April 29, 1945; † 1985
C.
D.
  • Father Franz Dabeck , member of the religious order of the Steyler Missionaries , prisoner number 37.036, since September 25, 1942, released March 27, 1945
  • Father Kurt Dehne SJ, Jesuit , committed to the Dachau concentration camp on December 26, 1943 by the Gestapo without any legal proceedings; Liberated on May 4, 1945
  • Father Kazimierz Dembowski SJ, priest from Poland (1912–1942); † in Dachau
  • Victor Dillard , SJ, French priest; since November 12, 1944 in Dachau; † January 12, 1945
  • Alfons Duschak , priest of the diocese of Meissen
E.
  • Albert Eise , Pallottine Father from Germany, prisoner number 28660, in Dachau since November 14, 1941; † September 3, 1942 in Dachau
  • Gottfried Engels , priest of the Münster diocese, prisoner number 22,638, since December 14, 1940, transferred in May 1942 to the Oldenburg Special Court for conviction and two years in prison in Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel; † May 28, 1961 in Kapellen / Rhineland
F.
G
H
J
  • Nikolaus Jansen , priest and central politician, cathedral chapter in Aachen, imprisoned without conviction from December 26, 1941 to May 21, 1945, prisoner number 28,962
  • Konrad Just OCist ( Wilhering ); † 1964, pastor from the northern area of ​​Linz, seven years imprisonment (see literature Justus Just)
K
Father Josef Kentenich - prisoner in Dachau
  • Josef Kentenich , founder of the international Schoenstatt Movement , since March 13, 1942, released April 6, 1945
  • Father Bernhard Ketzlick MSC interned 1942–1945, religious priest of the Archdiocese of Paderborn
  • Emil Kiesel prisoner number 22838, interned 1940–1945, born August 28, 1910 in Schwerzen; † May 19, 1990 in Stühlingen
  • Peter Klimek , German-Polish (Piotr Klimek) Catholic clergyman. At the beginning of May 1940 he was deported to the pastor's block, then on to the Gusen I concentration camp near Mauthausen , where he died on October 31, 1940.
  • Johannes Klumpe , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 28,961, since December 25, 1941, released April 6, 1945; † May 13, 1970
  • Josef Knichel , pastor of Stadtkyll in the diocese of Trier and parish administrator of Ligneuville (Ardennes / Belgium) in the diocese of Liège , prisoner number 69.815, since June 1944, liberated 1945; † October 14, 1955 in Wallhausen
  • Heinrich König , priest of the Archdiocese of Paderborn, arrived in Dachau on December 5, 1941, from March 1942 in the pastor's block, died there after septic injection on June 24, 1942
  • Heinrich Kötter , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 28,828, since November 20, 1941, released April 6, 1945; † June 15, 1973 in Borghorst / Westphalia
  • Otto Kohler (1909–1984), priest of the Archdiocese of Cologne , since August 27, 1944
  • Father Stanislav Komar SJ, priest from Poland (1882–1942); † in Dachau
  • Michał Kozal (born September 25, 1893, † January 26, 1943 in Dachau concentration camp), Polish bishop
  • Father Adam Kozłowiecki SJ, Polish priest, first in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1939, deported six months later to Dachau concentration camp, there until liberation in 1945, later Archbishop of Lusaka (Zambia), cardinal in 1998; † September 28, 2007
  • Father Anton Krähenheide , member of the order of the Sacred Heart Missionaries in Münster-Hiltrup ( Hiltrup Missionaries), inmate number 35,599, since September 2, 1942, released April 6, 1945; † May 21, 1974 in Hiltrup near Münster / Westphalia
  • Karl Kunkel , chaplain and pastor in Königsberg, as a "special prisoner" from July 15, 1944, initially in the Ravensbrück concentration camp, from February 23, 1945 in the Dachau concentration camp, where he and other prominent Catholic clergymen and the evangelical pastor Martin Niemöller under privileged conditions in the "Honor Bunker" of the Dachau concentration camp was housed; this storage area had no relation to the pastors' block. He was liberated on May 4, 1945.
  • Anton Kutej (1909–1941), priest from Carinthia
L.
  • Carl Lampert , Monsignor, Vice Dean, Prelate Innsbruck, was murdered in Halle after staying in Dachau; † November 10, 1944
  • Alois Langhans , city chaplain in Kaaden / Eger, concentration camp prisoner from December 1940 to April 1945; † 1985.
  • Karl Leisner , beatification by Pope John Paul II , deacon from the diocese of Münster, secretly ordained a priest in the concentration camp on December 17, 1944, prisoner number 22,356, liberated since December 14, 1941, May 4, 1945; † August 12, 1945 in Planegg near Munich as a result of the serious illnesses brought to the concentration camp
  • Johannes Maria Lenz , Austrian priest, religious, author of Christ in Dachau
  • Josef Lenzel , priest in Berlin-Niederschönhausen , born April 21, 1890; † July 3, 1942 in Dachau
  • Joseph Lodde , pastor dean in Coesfeld , prisoner number 41,551, born January 26, 1879; † February 28, 1943 in Dachau
  • Father Raymund (Peter) Lohausen OCist ( Marienstatt ), born April 16, 1897 in Siegburg (Rhineland), imprisoned in Dachau from 1943; † January 31, 1948 in Augsburg
M.
  • Karl Maierhofer , priest from Vienna , prisoner number 34.950, August 26, 1939 to (?), Transport to Buchenwald concentration camp, further fate unknown
  • Jerzy Majewski , Pole ( Free City of Danzig , * 1904), vicar in Danzig-Langfuhr , since September 1939 in Stutthof concentration camp , then Sachsenhausen concentration camp and Dachau concentration camp; † August 22, 1942 in Dachau
  • Father Michal Malinowski SJ, priest from Poland (1887–1942); † in Dachau
  • Father Petrus Karl Mangold , Franciscan (OFM) , Acting Provincial in the Sudetengau, Mährisch-Trübau Monastery , since June 6, 1941; † July 18, 1942 in Dachau
  • Father Albert Maring SJ, inmate number 30.516, Sachsenhausen concentration camp since summer 1941, Dachau concentration camp since June 19, 1942; † April 8, 1943 in Dachau
  • Elpidius Markötter , Franciscan from the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 27.720, Sachsenhausen concentration camp since January 1941, Dachau concentration camp since September 26, 1941; † June 28, 1942 in Dachau
  • Max Mayer , priest of the diocese of Augsburg, pastor in Schiltberg , since December 18, 1940
  • Matthias Mertens , priest of the Münster diocese, prisoner number 29,753, since April 17, 1942, released April 9, 1945; † February 1, 1970 in Gaesdonck
  • Josef Meyer , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 30.219, since Whitsun 1942, released on Maundy Thursday 1945; † July 24, 1974 in Goch / Niederrhein
  • Wilhelm Meyer, priest of the Münster diocese, prisoner number 26.204, since June 6, 1941, released March 29, 1945, † April 5, 1999
  • Johann Morell , Czech priest, professor, biblical manuscripts
  • Emil Muhler , priest from Munich pastor, sociologist
  • Father Maurus Münch , Benedictine from Trier, from October 1941 to (?) 1942
  • Father Jerzy Musial SJ, priest from Poland (1919–1945); † in Dachau
N
  • Johannes Neuhäusler , later Auxiliary Bishop in Munich-Freising, author of the cross and swastika. So it was in Dachau, Saat des Evil , was housed together with other prominent Catholic clergy and the Protestant pastor Martin Niemöller under privileged conditions in the "honor bunker" of the Dachau concentration camp; this storage area had no relation to the pastors' block.
  • Josef Neunzig , priest of the Diocese of Trier, from October 18, 1941 to April 8, 1944 in the Dachau concentration camp, block 26/2
  • Otto Neururer , priest in Götzens (Tyrol), temporarily imprisoned in Dachau; † May 30, 1940, tortured to death in Buchenwald concentration camp
  • Father Berthold Niedermoser OCist , 1955 Abbot of Schlierbach
O
  • Wilhelm Oberhaus , priest from the Archdiocese of Paderborn , prisoner number 27,826, since October 10, 1941, died September 20, 1942 in the Dachau concentration camp
  • Heinrich Oenning , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 26,985, since August 22, 1941, released January 13, 1942; † November 12, 1977
  • Franz Ohnmacht , priest of the Linz diocese , director general of the Catholic Action , imprisoned in Dachau June 17, 1938 to September 26, 1939 and December 7, 1940 to March 16, 1943, first "camp dean"; † April 11, 1954 in Linz on the health consequences of the medical experiments of the concentration camp doctors in Dachau
P
  • Father Anastazy Jakub Pankiewicz , Polish Franciscan (OFM) ; † 1942 in Dachau concentration camp, beatified
  • Friedrich Karl Petersen , priest of the Archdiocese of Paderborn , prisoner number 45595, since July 9, 1943
  • Hugo Pfeil , Roman Catholic priest, in Dachau from December 15, 1940.
  • Father Otto Pies , Jesuit , since 1941, released in March 1945, leader of liberation campaigns for former inmates on the death march at the end of April 1945
  • Bishop Gabriel Piguet , Archbishop of Clermont / France, since July 6, 1944, initially housed in the priest's block, in whose chapel he ordained the deacon Karl Leisner as a priest on December 26, 1944 ; shortly afterwards he was moved to the "honor bunker" of the Dachau concentration camp, where other prominent Catholic clergy and the Protestant pastor Martin Niemöller were already housed under privileged conditions; this storage area had no relation to the pastors' block.
  • Father Stanislaw Podolenski SJ, priest from Poland (1887–1945); † in Dachau
  • Bernhard Poether , priest of the Münster diocese, prisoner number 24,479, Sachsenhausen concentration camp since December 1941, Dachau concentration camp since April 1941; † January 13, 1942 in Dachau
  • Father Robert Pruszkowski , priest of the Archdiocese of Warmia , Dachau concentration camp since 1940, liberated April 29, 1945; Pastor in Preetz
  • Father Roman Przystas SJ, priest from Poland (1908–1942); † in Dachau
R.
  • Father Robert Regout SJ, Dutch, Professor at the Catholic University of Nijmegen ; † December 28, 1942
  • Father Engelbert Rehling , a member of the Congregation of the Oblates , prisoner number 28963, since December 26, 1941, fled on the death march on April 27 1945; † November 25, 1976 in Aachen
  • Fritz Remy, priest of the Meißen diocese, prisoner number 22,704, since April 14, 1942, released January 29, 1944; † September 22, 1967 in Beuel / Rhineland
  • Josef Reukes , priest of the Münster diocese, inmate number 27.833, Sachsenhausen concentration camp since June 9, 1942, since October 10, 1941, liberated by former inmates on the April 1945 death march; † December 31, 1961
  • Hermann Richarz (* 1907 in Cologne; † 1985 in Troisdorf), priest, chaplain in Solingen, after 1945 pastor in Troisdorf
  • Father Franz Riepe (born July 26, 1885 in Schwagstorf / Ostercappeln near Osnabrück, † August 13, 1942 in Dachau concentration camp), Steyler missionary , rector of the St. Xaver mission house in Bad Driburg , from May 9, 1941 in Dachau concentration camp, prisoner number 25,338
  • Andreas Rieser (* July 7, 1908 in Dorfgastein, † March 3, 1966 in Bramberg am Wildkogel), inmate number 21859
  • Hans Rindermann, priest of the Aachen diocese, chaplain and rector in Aachen- Forst, since January 7, 1941
  • Father Michal Riquet SJ, French theologian, pulpit speaker in Notre Dame, Paris
  • Father Augustin Rösch , SJ, Provincial, employee in the Kreisau district
  • Pastor Martin Rohrmeier , pastor in Kelheim-Affecking
  • Leonhard Roth (1904–1960) was a German Catholic clergyman, Dominican with the religious name Korbinian and prisoner nurse. After the liberation from National Socialism , he was a pastor in Dachau and, as a delegate of the concentration camp priests of the Comité International de Dachau, made a contribution to the establishment of the Dachau concentration camp memorial.
  • Johannes Rothe , priest of the diocese of Meissen
  • Heinrich Rupieper , priest of the Archdiocese of Paderborn , prisoner number 30505, since June 18, 1942
S.
  • Johann Nepomuk Sanda (1889–1969), Czech priest, pastor, writer, author of the book Songs from Dachau .
  • Wilhelm Schamoni , Parish Vicar Paderborn, Author: The true countenance of the saints
  • Hermann Scheipers , priest of the diocese of Meißen, prisoner number 24.255, March 28, 1941 to April 27, 1945, fled on the death march, author of the book Gratwanderungen - Priests under two dictatorships , retired since August 1983; † June 2, 2016 in Ochtrup / Westphalia
  • Georg Schelling , priest and Catholic journalist from Buch , May 1938 to March 1945, from March 17, 1943 "Camp Chaplain", from October 1944 "Camp Dean"
  • Laurenz Schmedding , priest of the diocese of Münster, inmate number 58.284, Dachau concentration camp since November 19, 1943, released April 10, 1945; † March 21, 1972 in Warendorf
  • Richard Schneider , priest of the Archdiocese of Freiburg, released on November 22, 1940 in Dachau on March 29, 1945
  • Heinrich Schniers , priest of the Diocese of Osnabrück, pastor of St. Michael Leer / Ostfr., Since March 26, 1942 in Dachau, prisoner number 29.668, block 13/1; † August 30, 1942 in Dachau
  • Aloys Scholze , pastor in Leutersdorf , Dachau concentration camp since May 1941; † September 1, 1942 (starved to death)
  • Benno Scholze , pastor of Pirna , in the Dachau concentration camp since 1941; † August 4, 1968 in Dresden
  • Johann Schroffner (1891–1940), Austrian priest, most recently pastor of Oberndorf in Tyrol , 1939 Dachau concentration camp , transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp in the same year and murdered there on April 14, 1940
  • Josef Schulte PSM, German priest, Provincial of the Pallottines in Germany
  • Johannes Schulz , priest of the Trier diocese, pastor in Nickenich near Andernach, initially in the Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg concentration camps, since December 14, 1940 in the Dachau concentration camp; † Starved to death in Dachau in autumn 1942
  • Father Augustin Franz Karl Schulze Hessing , Benedictine from Gerleve Abbey near Coesfeld / Westphalia, prisoner number 27,835, since October 10, 1941, released March 27, 1945; † July 29, 1975
  • Father Emil Schumann , member of the religious order of the Sacred Heart Missionaries , prisoner number 28.808, Dachau concentration camp since December 5, 1941, liberated May 1945; † June 2, 1981 in Mülheim an der Ruhr
  • Father Gregor Schwake , Benedictine from Gerleve Abbey near Coesfeld / Westphalia, church musician , prisoner number 60.931, since January 2, 1944, released April 10, 1945; † June 13, 1967
  • Josef Sebela , Czech priest, pastor, deputy mayor of Prague
  • Fritz Seitz , Block 26, German priest of the Diocese of Speyer (1905–1949), "Revierpförtner", was able to help many fellow priests
  • Erich Selzle , priest of the Augsburg diocese, chaplain in Lechbruck , prisoner number 21,997 (after the second imprisonment in Dachau), September 27, 1939 to 1940, from there transferred to the Mauthausen concentration camp ; Transfer back to the Dachau concentration camp on March 6, 1941 until liberation in 1945
  • Matthias Semeliker , pastor in Neuberg in Burgenland , arrested in March 1943 for resisting the Germanization of the Burgenland Croats, until the end of the war in Dachau
  • Father Stanislaw Sewillo SJ, priest from Poland (1917–1943); † in Dachau
  • Father Czeslaw Seybuk SJ, priest from Poland (1906–1943); † in Dachau
  • Pastor Alois Sindler Priest of the Diocese of Graz-Seckau (1893–1969), prisoner number 24.340, since March 29, 1941, liberated on April 29, 1945
  • Johannes Sonnenschein , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 30.224, since 1942, released in 1945; † August 31, 2003
  • Hermann Stammschröer , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 27,837, since October 10, 1941, released April 10, 1945; † October 7, 1957
  • Josef Stangl , Austrian pastor, imprisoned from autumn 1940 to April 1945
  • Gottlieb Stasek , Czech priest, prelate and worker leader, lost his right eye in animal experiments in Dachau
  • Johann Steinbock , priest in the Steyr suburban parish, was imprisoned by the Gestapo in 1941, then from January 1942 until liberation on April 29, 1945 in Dachau concentration camp, then in Dachau camp under the supervision of the US Army in typhus quarantine until May 25, 1945
  • Josef Steinkelderer , Austrian priest, * 1871: † 1951, Caritas director Innsbruck
  • Father Joseph Benedikt Stoffels , Luxembourgish priest, member of the religious order of the Sacred Heart Priests , arrested on March 7, 1941, initially prisoner in Buchenwald concentration camp, transferred to Dachau on November 22, 1940, prisoner number 27,179; † May 25, 1942 in the Hartheim killing center near Linz
  • Gerhard Storm , priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 32.281, since July 23, 1942; † August 28, 1942 in Dachau
  • Heinrich Summereder , priest of the Archdiocese of Salzburg , cooperator in the Mattsee Abbey , imprisoned since December 14, 1940; † 1943 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Ottokar Švec , Czech priest, canon of St. Vitus Cathedral ("Katedrála svatého Víta") in Prague
  • Father Stefan Szakola SJ, priest from Poland (1912–1942); † in Dachau
  • Father Bolesaw Szopinski SJ, priest from Poland (1880–1941); † in Dachau
  • Father Wladyslaw Szulc SJ, priest from Poland (1910–1941); † in Dachau
T
  • Leo Taczak ; * April 3, 1884 in Mieszków; † May 28, 1942 in the Hartheim killing center near Linz; As a Catholic priest with German roots, he was taken into protective custody by the Gestapo on August 26, 1940, then deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp on August 29, 1940 and transferred to Dachau concentration camp on December 14, 1940. There prisoner number 22373. Then transferred from Dachau with an invalid transport on May 28, 1942 to the killing center at Hartheim Castle and murdered there on the same day.
  • Alois Theissen (1899–1961), priest of the Archdiocese of Cologne , since June 20, 1941
  • Josef Theulings , Dutch priest, monsignor, professor of theology
  • Emil Thoma , pastor from Eppingen , since September 10, 1941, until?
  • Konrad Trageser , priest of the diocese of Fulda ; † January 14, 1942 in Dachau concentration camp
  • Štěpán Trochta (1905–1974), Czech priest, Bishop of Leitmeritz, cardinal, in Dachau concentration camp until liberation in 1945
U
V
  • Father Hermann Joseph Vell , a member of the Congregation of the Redemptorists , on February 1, 1944, the Gestapo in Gelsenkirchen arrested initially detained in prisons and penitentiaries in Munster, Kassel, Weimar and Nuremberg, 12 April to 12 July 1944 in the Dachau concentration camp ( Inmate number 66,680), then in prisons and penitentiaries in Dachau, Nuremberg, Berlin-Moabit, Potsdam and Brandenburg, sentenced to death on April 6, 1945 by the Potsdam Regional Court for preparation for treason, and out of penitentiary on April 27, 1945 by the Red Army Brandenburg liberated; † July 19, 1965 in Erfurt
  • Arnošt Vykoukal , Czech priest, Abbot of Emmaus in Prague; † September 1942, starved to death in Dachau
W.
  • Father Albrecht Friedrich Wagner , priest of the diocese of Augsburg, Benedictine from the St. Ottilien monastery , since December 23, 1941
  • Father Nicolas Antonius Wampach , Luxembourg priest, member of the religious order of the Sacred Heart Priests, arrested on March 7, 1941, initially a prisoner in Buchenwald concentration camp, transferred to Dachau on November 22, 1940, prisoner number 27,178; † August 12, 1942 in the Hartheim killing center near Linz
  • Father Leon Waszkielis SJ, priest from Poland (1909–1942); † in Dachau
  • Karl Weiß (* 1913 in Eger; † 1998), priest of the Archdiocese of Prague, worked in the Diocese of Passau after the war
  • Wilhelm Weber (1889–1963), priest of the diocese of Münster, prisoner number 64,053, Dachau concentration camp since February 19, 1944, released April 10, 1945; † February 2, 1963
  • Eugen Weiler (1900–1992), priest from the Archdiocese of Freiburg , in the Dachau concentration camp from October 20, 1942 to April 11, 1945; Author of several writings and biographies on the topic of Dachau concentration camp.
  • Franz Weinmann (1909–1996), vicar a. a. in Mannheim, from June 5, 1942 to April 11, 1945 in the Dachau concentration camp
  • Bernhard Wensch , youth chaplain from the diocese of Meißen, initially in Oranienburg concentration camp , since November 7, 1941 in Dachau concentration camp; † August 15, 1942 in Dachau
  • August Wessing , priest of the diocese of Münster, pastor and dean of Hoetmar / Westphalia, prisoner number 37.138, Dachau concentration camp since October 2, 1942; † March 4, 1945 in Dachau
  • Father Bronislaw Wielgotz SJ, priest from Poland (1916–1942); † in Dachau
Z
  • Father Jan Zajac SJ, Polish priest (1911-1945); † in Dachau
  • Father Eugeniusz Zelezniak SJ, priest from Poland (1900–1942); † in Dachau
  • Jakob Anton Ziegler , priest of the Diocese of Trier, prisoner number 28.875, arrested on August 8, 1941, since December 12, 1941 in Dachau, died there on May 12, 1944
  • Johannes Zietsch , priest of the diocese of Meißen, pastor of Großpostwitz
  • Josef Zilliken , priest of the Trier diocese, pastor in Wassenach , initially in the Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg concentration camps, since December 13, 1940 in the Dachau concentration camp, imprisoned; † Starved to death in Dachau in autumn 1942
  • Johannes Zimmermann , priest of the Meißen diocese, chaplain in Freital, in Mauthausen concentration camp since May 27, 1941, then in Dachau, released on March 29, 1945; † July 25, 1945
  • Father Heinrich Zwaans SJ (1898–1942), Dutch priest, in Dachau for spreading the sermons of Bishop v. Galen , died in Dachau of bowel disease

Remembrance day

In 2017 the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising introduced a day of remembrance for the "Blessed Martyrs of Dachau". It is celebrated on June 12th .

See also

literature

  • Jean Bernard : Pfarrerblock 25487 , Editions Saint Paul, 2004, ISBN 2-87963-286-2 (autobiographical story, first published in 1945 as a feature series in the Luxemburger Wort ), excerpt .
  • Christian Frieling: priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. 38 biographies . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-05427-2 .
  • Sabine Gerhardus, Björn Mensing: Names instead of numbers. Dachau images of life and memory work . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-374-02488-9 .
  • Sales Hess: Dachau - a world without God . Sebaldus-Verlag, Nuremberg 1946.
  • Bedřich Hoffman (Friedrich Hoffmann) : A kdo vás zabije… Život a utrpení knežstva v koncentračních táborech . Přerov 1946, German: And whoever kills you ... Life and suffering of priests in the concentration camps , translated from the Czech by Anton Bornefeld , typewritten manuscript.
  • Jez Ignacy: Light and Dark, Praise the Lord! : Memories of a Polish bishop of the time in the Dachau concentration camp. With a foreword from Pope John Paul II . Echter, Würzburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-429-02940-1 .
  • Justus Just: Out of line: how priests were socially destroyed by National Socialism - Documentation from the notes of my uncle, who was imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp for seven years . Norderstedt 2005, ISBN 3-8334-3758-8 .
  • Johann M. Lenz: Christ in Dachau . Vienna 1960.
  • Helmut Moll (publisher on behalf of the German Bishops' Conference), witnesses for Christ. The German Martyrology of the 20th Century , 6th, expanded and restructured edition Paderborn u. a. 2015, 2 volumes, ISBN 978-3-506-78080-5 .
  • Johannes Neuhäusler: Cross and Swastika. The struggle of National Socialism against the Catholic Church and the church resistance . Publishing house of the Catholic Church of Bavaria, Munich 1946.
  • Johannes Neuhäusler: Witnesses to the truth, fighters of the law against National Socialism . Catholic Church of Bavaria, Munich 1947.
  • Johannes Neuhäusler: How was it in the Dachau concentration camp ?: An attempt to get closer to the truth . Board of Trustees for Atonement for the Dachau Concentration Camp, 1961.
  • Schmid-Ospach, Michael; Hubert, Hans Josef; WDR press office (ed.): It wasn't just July 20th. u. a. Heinz Kühn on resistance in the Third Reich . Jugenddienst Verlag, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7795-7342-3 (documents from a series of broadcasts by WDR, contributions by Walter Hensel, Wilhelm Niemöller, Hermann Richarz, Karl Klinkhammer, Paul Karalus).
  • Gregor Schwake: Monk behind barbed wire, memories of the Dachau concentration camp . Aschendorff, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-402-00210-8 .
  • Hermann Scheipers: A tightrope walk - priests under two dictatorships . St. Benno, Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-7462-1221-9 .
  • Eugen Weiler: The clergy in Dachau as well as in other concentration camps and prisons . Pastor Emil Thoma’s estate . Mödling, approx. 1971.
  • Wendel: The realm of death has no power on earth. Priests and religious 1933–1945 Dachau concentration camp . So far 3 volumes; Herder, Rome 2001/2002/2004; IDN 963709178.
  • Richard Zahlten (Ed.): The murdered: the memorial plaque of the Archdiocese of Freiburg for the persecuted priests (1933 to 1945) in "Maria Lindenberg", near St. Peter, Black Forest. Vöhrenbach: Dold-Verlag, 1998. ISBN 978-3-927677-18-0 .
  • Franz Zeiger: Those who sow with tears. Johann Steinbock - priest in Dachau . Linz 2004, ISBN 3-902330-07-4 .
  • Internationaler Karl-Leisner-Kreis (Ed.): The Dachau altar in the camp chapel of the concentration camp . IKLK circular no.50, February 2005.
  • Jesuits Who Died in Concentration Camps . In: Catholics and the Holocaust . Dinand Library, College of the Holy Cross Worcester, MA 2000.
  • Stanislav Zámečník: (Ed. Comité International de Dachau): That was Dachau . Luxemburg 2002, pp. 170–180 (chapter The clergy in Dachau ).

Movies

Feature films with historical reference
Documentaries
  • “The Priest Block”; Germany 2005. Documentary film director: Max Kronawitter. (Documentation with interviews and individual scenes from the feature film “The ninth day”).
  • “You own my life.” The story of Anna and Hermann Scheipers: civil courage and trust in God between two dictatorships. Documentary Germany 2003. Director: David Menzhausen. DVD edition LWL-Medienzentrum für Westfalen , Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-939974-22-2 .

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ a b c from: Stanislav Zámečník: (Ed. Comité International de Dachau): That was Dachau. Luxembourg 2002.
  2. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorff, Münster 1992, p. 25.
  3. ↑ Leonore Siegele-Wenschkewitz : The churches between adaptation and resistance in the Third Reich. In: Barmer Theological Declaration 1934–1984. Luther Verlag, Bielefeld 1984, ISBN 3-7858-0287-0 , pp. 11-29.
  4. ↑ Thomas Kempter: Celebrating God in Dachau - The celebration of the Eucharist in the Dachau concentration camp ; Diploma thesis at the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg / Breisgau; September 2005 (pdf; 1.19 MB)
  5. ↑ The altar is now in the Berg Moriah Priest and Education House in Schoenstatt.
  6. ^ Stanislav Zámečník: That was Dachau. Luxembourg 2002. p. 173.
  7. ↑ Emmanuel Dürr: Father Thaddäus (Wilhelm) Brunke. In: Helmut Moll (ed.): Witnesses for Christ. The German martyrology of the 20th century . Paderborn 1999, Vol. 2, p. 747.
  8. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, p. 29.
  9. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, p. 28.
  10. ^ Stanislav Zámečník: (Ed. Comité International de Dachau): That was Dachau ; Luxembourg, 2002; P. 170–180, chapter "The clergy in Dachau"
  11. ↑ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS… About the Victims ( Memento from May 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ^ Hoffmann, Bedřich: And Who Will Kill You: The Chronicle of the Life and Sufferings of Priests In the Concentration Camps. 4th ed. Poznań: Pallottinum, 1994. ISBN 9788370142230 .
  13. ^ Björn Mensing: Names instead of numbers - Dachau life pictures and memory work ; Priest block 26 in the Dachau concentration camp - complete directory of the living , voices from Dachau No. 4 from March 1, 1947
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Petrus Mangold, Emil Thoma: List of clergymen in the Dachau concentration camp
  15. ↑ Werner Führer:  Brunner, Peter. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 14, Bautz, Herzberg 1998, ISBN 3-88309-073-5 , Sp. 834-837.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  16. ↑ Klaus Erich Pollmann: The difficult way into the post-war period. The Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church in Braunschweig 1945–1950 . Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1994, p. 48ff, ISBN 3-525-55239-4 .
  17. ↑ Hans-Karl Seeger, Gabriele Latzel (ed.): Karl Leisner - ordination and primacy in the Dachau concentration camp . Lit, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7277-7 .
  18. ^ Dachau: Sign of Reconciliation. Evangelical Reconciliation Church Dachau turns 40 ( Memento from January 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); Article on ekd.de from April 27, 2007
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Hermann Scheipers: Ridge walks - priests under two dictatorships. St. Benno, Leipzig 1997
  20. ^ Kurt Walter: Danzig. In: Günther Harder, Wilhelm Niemöller (eds.): The hour of temptation: congregations in the church fight 1933-1945. Testimonials. Munich 1963, pp. 37-56.
  21. ^ Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site: The Prisoners' Way - Traces of Private Photographs. Audioguide texts in German ( memento from November 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ); Text 372
  22. ↑ Hans-Karl Seeger, Gabriele Latzel (ed.): Karl Leisner - ordination and primacy in the Dachau concentration camp . Lit, Münster 2004, p. 140.
  23. ↑ Hans-Karl Seeger, Gabriele Latzel (ed.): Karl Leisner - ordination and primacy in the Dachau concentration camp . Lit, Münster 2004, p. 175.
  24. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 72–73: P. Theodor Averberg SVD .
  25. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 74–79: P. Josef Averesch CSSR .
  26. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 80–82: P. Werner Barkholt SJ .
  27. ↑ Uli Fricker: In the Dachau concentration camp, the pastor was number 24 217. In: Südkurier of November 12, 2016.
  28. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 207–210: Anton Bornefeld .
  29. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u List of personalities ; in: Johannes Maria Lenz: Christ in Dachau. Vienna 1960, pp. 180-182.
  30. ↑ Parish St. Antonius Wickrath: The Resistance of Chaplain Brasse ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  31. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jesuits Who Died in Concentration Camps. In: Catholics and the Holocaust. Dinand Library College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 2000.
  32. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 83–84: P. Franz Dabeck SVD .
  33. ↑ Hans-Georg Aschoff, Thomas Scharf-Wrede (ed.): Catholic in Hanover. People-stories-lifeworlds. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7954-3305-5 , pp. 185–186.
  34. ↑ Hans-Karl Seeger, Gabriele Latzel (ed.): Karl Leisner - ordination and primacy in the Dachau concentration camp . Lit, Münster 2004, p. 184.
  35. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 85–87: Gottfried Engels .
  36. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993, pp. 88–89.
  37. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993, pp. 90–93.
  38. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993, pp. 94–96.
  39. ^ Institutum Historicum Ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum: Dominican History Newsletter ( Memento of October 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), Volumes 1–5; 1992-1996; Rome 1999 (pdf)
  40. ^ Freiburg Diocesan Archives: Nazi Time - Persecution of the Church , Vol. 90 (1970), pp. 270–292: Oswald Haug
  41. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993, pp. 97-102.
  42. ↑ Friedrich Hemmer: Report of Pastor Friedrich Hemmer , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 90 , 1970, pp. 293-296.
  43. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 103-104: Heinrich Hennen .
  44. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 211–212: Bernhard Hürfeld .
  45. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 109–112: Johannes Klumpe .
  46. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 113–114: Heinrich Kötter .
  47. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 115–117: P. Anton Krähenheide MSC .
  48. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 118–126: Karl Leisner .
  49. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 127–129: Josef Lodde .
  50. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 134–137: Josef Markötter (P. Elpidius) OFM .
  51. ↑ Scientific Catholic student association Unitas Ruhrania Bochum-Essen-Dortmund: Four federal brothers were at the priestly ordination of Karl Leisner in Dachau - To a new image of Bbr. Matthias Mertens (1906–1970), priest in Oberhausen-Schmachtendorf ( Memento from July 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  52. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it, pp. 143–144: Josef Meyer .
  53. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 147–150: Wilhelm Meyer .
  54. ^ Directory for the Diocese of Münster , 2005–2006 edition, p. 142.
  55. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 150–151: Heinrich Oenning .
  56. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 152–156: Bernhard Poether .
  57. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 157–159: P. Engelbert Rehling OMI .
  58. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 160–161: Fritz Remy .
  59. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it, pp. 162–165: Josef Reukes .
  60. ↑ Film: "Resistance in the 3rd Reich - There was not only July 20th", 16 mm optical sound film, year of production: 1978, director: Paul Karalus. (as well as documentation of the series)
  61. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 166–167: Laurenz Schmedding .
  62. ↑ a b Sales Hess: Dachau - a world without God. Sebaldus, Nuremberg 1946
  63. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 105–108: Franz Karl Schulze Hessing (P. Augustin) OSB .
  64. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 168–178: P. Emil Schumann MSC .
  65. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 179–185: Theodor Schwake (P. Gregor) OSB .
  66. ^ Website of the Institute for Palatinate History on Pf. Fritz Seitz ( Memento from October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  67. ↑ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance ( Memento from October 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  68. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 59–71: Johannes Sonnenschein .
  69. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 186–190: Hermann Stammschröer .
  70. ↑ Dioezesanarchiv Linz: Biography Johann Capricorn
  71. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 191–194: Gerhard Storm .
  72. ↑ Florian Schwanninger (ed.), Alex Theodor Gogolkiewicz in: Traces of life: biographical sketches of victims of the Nazi killing center Hartheim , Innsbruck 2013.
  73. ^ Andreas Jordan: Initiative: Places of remembrance board for Father Hermann Vell in Gelsenkirchen-Schalke . Gelsenzentrum - non-profit association for regional cultural and contemporary history Gelsenkirchen, August 2011, accessed on April 22, 2018.
  74. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. In it pp. 195–197: Wilhelm Weber .
  75. ↑ Hans-Karl Seeger, Gabriele Latzel (ed.): Karl Leisner - ordination and primacy in the Dachau concentration camp . Lit, Münster 2004, p. 216.
  76. ^ Christian Frieling: Priest from the diocese of Münster in the concentration camp. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster 1993. Therein pp. 198–200 August Wessing .
  77. ↑ Blessed Martyrs of Dachau . Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, accessed on June 18, 2017.
    Georg Walser: Beams of light in the Dachau concentration camp . Munich Church News / Sankt Michaelsbund , June 13, 2017, accessed on June 18, 2017.
  78. ^ FWU - School and Lessons: Supplement: The Priest Block . (PDF). Online at dbbm.fwu.de. Retrieved on November 5, 2014. (Note: The documentary begins with a poignant scene from the film “The Ninth Day” by Volker Schlöndorff. A group of prisoners celebrates a service in their room in the concentration camp. A tin with a cross serves as a measuring cup woven of wire, small pieces of bread are distributed as hosts. In order not to be discovered at this forbidden mass, the prisoners sing marching songs. The scene with subsequent interviews tries to capture what happened in 1940 in Barrack 26 in Dachau. )

Coordinates: 48 ° 16 '17.3 "  N , 11 ° 28' 1.9"  E