Brąswałd
| Brąswałd | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Olsztyn | ||
| Gmina : | Dywity | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 52 ′ N , 20 ° 25 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 393 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NOL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Dywity - Barkweda | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Brąswałd [ ˈbrɔ̃sfau̯t ] (German Braunswalde ) is a village in the municipality of Dywity ( Diwitten ) in the powiat Olsztyński (powiat Allenstein) of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The village is located in Warmia in historic East Prussia , about five kilometers northwest of Dywity (Diwitten) and ten kilometers north-northwest of Olsztyn (Allenstein) .
history
The village was founded in 1337 under the rule of the Teutonic Order .
From 1517 to 1519, the astronomer Nikolaus Kopernikus was responsible for Braunswalde as administrator of the Warmia cathedral chapter in Allenstein .
On February 3, 1807 Napoleon's troops fought with Russians at Bergfriede around the Allebrücke, which belongs to Braunswalde .
With the introduction of the district order for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony on December 13, 1872, the Braunswalde district was established on May 8, 1874. It includes the rural communities Braunswalde, Groß Buchwalde, Kainen, Spiegelberg and Woppen and the manor districts Bergfriede, Buchwalde, Forst and Piestkeim.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Braunswalde belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Braunswalde, 220 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, 80 votes were cast for Poland.
During the Second World War , the Red Army captured Braunswalde in January 1945. In March 1945 they placed the southern half of East Prussia under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This renamed the place in Brąswałd , and settled Poland .
Population development until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 101 | |
| 1858 | 367 | including 361 Catholics and six Jews |
| 1864 | 401 | on December 3rd |
| 1905 | 508 | |
| 1933 | 511 | |
| 1939 | 500 |
Church building
Braunswalde already had a church building in 1363, but it was replaced by a new building in 1500. It was destroyed by fire in the early 17th century, but it was rebuilt. Later the church had to make way for today's new building.
The large church of St. Katharinen in the village was built between 1894 and 1896. The interior is painted and furnished in a neo-Gothic style. The high altar is from 1902, while the older baroque side altar with the image of the Holy Trinity still bears the coat of arms of Bishop Christoph Andreas Johann Szembek .
Pro-Polish movement
After the First World War, the pro-Polish movement met with a positive response in Braunswalde. The priest of Braunswalde, Walenty Barczewski (1856–1928), a Polish activist who set up a private Polish school here, played a central role .
Hydroelectric power station on the Łyna
About 500 m southwest of Brąswałd is a barrage of the Łyna (Alle) with a hydropower plant built between 1933 and 1936 . This consists of two vertical “Kaplan” turbines, which are custom-made by the “Voith” company.
The turbines drive two generators from Siemens with a total output of 2.2 MW. A voltage of over 5,000 V is generated, which is increased to 15,000 V in a transformer station and fed to the state network via an overhead line.
The turbines usually work in the mornings and evenings to provide additional electricity during peak consumption times. When the turbines are not working, the water is dammed up in a reservoir. 34,000 liters of water per second are required to drive the two generators.
The damming of the course of the Łyna in the reservoir results in a greater difference between the water levels, which enables a relatively high power plant output on such a relatively small river.
Attractions
- Church of St. Catherine
- Maria Zientara-Malewska memorial house
- Cemetery with the grave of Walenty Barczewski (1856–1928)
- Hydroelectric power station on the Łyna (Alle) in the south-east of Braunswalde
- The hydraulic ram in Kainen
Personalities
- Walenty Barczewski (1856–1928), Catholic village priest and activist of Poland, founded a private Polish school here after the First World War.
- Maria Zientara-Malewska (1894–1984), was born here; The Polish poem O Warmio was written in her circle of acquaintances, which was set to music by the composer Feliks Nowowiejski (1877-1946) from Wartenburg ( Barczewo ) for the first time.
Web links
- District community Allenstein eV
- Braunswalde
- Braunswalde District (Rolf Jehke, 2003)
- GenWiki: Braunswalde (Allenstein district)
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on May 28, 2017
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 67
- ↑ For the subordination of all conquered areas up to the Oder-Neisse line under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland from March 1945 see Manfred Zeidler : End of War in the East - The Red Army and the Occupation of Germany east of Oder and Neisse 1944/45. Oldenbourg, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-486-56187-1 , p. 63.
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell, Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 1: A-F. Halle 1821, p. 165, item 4405.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 30, paragraph 25.
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, Allenstein district, p. 2, item 34.
- ↑ http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Braunswalde_%28Kreis_Allenstein%29
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. allenstein.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ The Hydraulic Ram in Kainen