Gietrzwałd

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Gietrzwałd
Gietrzwałd does not have a coat of arms
Gietrzwałd (Poland)
Gietrzwałd
Gietrzwałd
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Olsztyn
Geographic location : 53 ° 45 '  N , 20 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 44 '51 "  N , 20 ° 14' 8"  E
Residents : 565 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code : 11-036
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NOL
Economy and Transport
Street : DK16 Olsztyn - Ostróda
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Rural community
Gmina structure: 19 school authorities
Surface: 174.13 km²
Residents: 6680
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 38 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2814052
Administration (as of 2007)
Community leader : Zbigniew Małkowski
Address: Gietrzwałd 24
11-036 Gietrzwałd
Website : www.gietrzwald.pl



Gietrzwałd ([ ˈɟɛtːʃvaʊ̯t ], German Dietrichswalde , formerly Dittrichswalde or Getrzwald ) is a village and seat of the rural municipality of the same name in the Olsztyński powiat ( Allenstein district ) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian voivodeship .

Geographical location

Dietrichswalde in East Prussia , west-southwest of Allenstein and southeast of Elbing , on a map from 1908

The village is located in Warmia in historic East Prussia , about 18 kilometers west-southwest of Allenstein ( Olsztyn ). The place is surrounded by coniferous and mixed forests and numerous lakes.

history

Village panorama
Pilgrimage Church of St. Mary

The village was founded in 1352 by the Warmian cathedral chapter under the rule of the Teutonic Order . The founder was called Dietrich; hence the name Dietrichswalde comes from. In the 15th century, Dietrichswalde was badly affected during the Thirteen Years' War between the cities and in 1455 it was plundered by knights of the order under the leadership of Georg von Schlieben . After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 the Warmia came in the division of the German Order State Prussia as Bishopric of Warmia for autonomous Prussian royal share , the volunteer of the sovereignty of the Crown of Poland had assumed.

In the middle of the 16th century the settlement was not cultivated, although there was a school and a village pitcher, which in 1645 came into the possession of the Allenstein councilor Georg Kunigk. In the course of the reunification of East and West Prussia in 1772, Dietrichswalde came to the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1783 Dietrichswalde had 57 farms. The village experienced great devastation in 1807 by the French troops in the Fourth Coalition War .

Dietrichswalde belonged from 1818 to 1945 for the district of Olsztyn in Administrative district Königsberg the province of East Prussia of the German Reich .

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Dietrichswalde belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Dietrichswalde, 420 people voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland had 180 votes.

During the Second World War , the Red Army captured Dietrichswalde in January 1945 and placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland in March 1945 . Afterwards the immigration of Poles and the displacement of the inhabitants began. Poland introduced the place name Gietrzwałd for Dietrichswalde .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1816 353
1858 681 22 Evangelicals, 657 Catholics and 2 Jews
1864 794 on December 3rd
1871 800
1905 938
1933 922
1939 943

Development into a place of pilgrimage

The greatest event in this small Warmian village was several apparitions in 1877 during the period from June 27th to September 16th. It is said that the then 13-year-old Justine Schafrinska (Polish: Justyne Szafryńska) and the 12-year-old Barbara Samulowska from Woritten - both came from poor Polish- speaking families in Warmia - the Mother of God appeared and spoke to them in Polish. (In stories of people living there before the war it was said that Justine Schafrinska was a German girl named "Krause" from Neumühle . However, there is no further evidence for this information.)

Since then, Dietrichswalde has been a place of pilgrimage . With the name of the Church of Our Lady of Gietrzwałd , Polish churches commemorate the event.

The research report on the apparitions published in German and Polish in 1877 already emphasized the large proportion of the Polish-speaking population in this area. The priest and theology professor Franz Hipler , who spoke Polish himself, describes the first pilgrimages: “Standing, sitting and kneeling on the rain-soaked clay floor of the churchyard, which was big enough to hold the whole crowd, the pilgrims soon had Language, kinship and homeland have come together; the German and Polish foreigners, the Lithuanians and the Masurians, the Koschneider and the Kashubians, the Oberlanders and the Niederunger, very numerous the Poles, not only from the Prussian part and from Galicia, but also from Russia, despite the lock and the Border guards. "

Bishop Maximilian Kaller recognized Dietrichswalde as a diocesan pilgrimage site. The apparition was only officially recognized by his successor as Bishop of Warmia, Józef Drzazga , in 1977 (on the 100th anniversary) and thus approved the worship.

Pilgrimage church

The church in Gietrzwałd was enlarged and expanded into a pilgrimage church in the years 1878–1884 by the Paderborn cathedral and diocesan architect Arnold Güldenpfennig . The church was opened in 1970 by Pope Paul VI. raised to the minor basilica.

traffic

The place can be reached via the state road 16 , which leads to Osterode ( Ostróda ).

Gmina Gietrzwałd

The following localities belong to the rural community of Gietrzwałd:

Polish name German name
(until 1945) 		Polish name German name
(until 1945) 		Polish name German name
(until 1945)
Barduń Bardungen Łajsy Leyßen
1928–45 Leissen 		Rentyny Reindeer
Barwiny Barwienen Łęgucki Młyn Long good mill Salminek Sallmeien
Biesal Biessellen Łęguty Long good Siła Schillamühle
Cegłowo Hermsdorf Łopkajny Lopkeim Smoleń From afar
Dłużki Dlusken Łupstych Racking Śródka Medium good
Gietrzwałd Dietrichswalde Naglady Nagladden Sząbruk Schönbrück
Grazymy Grasnitz Naterki Adders Tomarynki Passargental
Gronity Gronitten Nowy Młyn Neumühle Tomaryny Thomareinen
Guzowy Młyn Turnitzmühle Parwółki Parclouds Unieszewo Schönfelde
Guzowy Piec Gusenofen Pęglity Pen slide Woryty Woritten
Jadaminy Adam's good Podlejki Podleiken Zaskwierki
Kudypy Kudipping Rapaty Rapatten Zdrojek Sdroiken
1938–45 Eulenwinkel

Partner communities

Menslage in Lower Saxony is Gietrzwałd's partner municipality.

Personalities

See also

literature

in order of appearance

  • Franz Hipler : The apparitions in Dittrichswalde presented to the Catholic people according to official reports. With the permission of the Most Revered Bishop of Warmia , Warmia newspaper and publishing house printing, Braunsberg 1877 (2nd edition 1924; in Polish 1877 and 1883).
  • Leon Niborski: A new marpingen in the province of Prussia. or: The events in Dietrichswalde, written for all thinkers . Strzeczek, Löbau 1877.
  • Alois Bulitta : The place of grace Dietrichswalde. In: Leo. A Sunday paper for the Catholic people , year 1927, No. 33, p. 492.
  • Rainer Sippekamp (arrangement): Memories of Klein-Schönau and Dietrichswalde . Mönchengladbach 1986.
  • Hubert Orłowski : Rzecz o dobrach symbolicznych. Gietrzwałd 1877 . Borussia Foundation , Olsztyn 2003, ISBN 83-89233-21-5 .
  • Sister M. Gudula: 125 years of Dietrichswalde. Jubilee pilgrimage of the Warmia family from September 5 to 12, 2002 . In: Ermlandbuch , ISSN  0421-3793 , vol. 55 (2004), pp. 163–170.
  • Ulrich Fox : Bishop Philipp Krementz and the apparitions in Dietrichswalde in 1877. To a publication by Hubert Orłowski . In: Our Ermändische Heimat - Bulletin of the HVE for Ermland , Vol. 52 (2006), Issue 2 (Whitsun), pp. V – VII.
  • Ulrich Fox: The reception of the events in Dietrichswalde by the Ermländer with reference to the commitment of Bishop Maximilian Kaller . In: Sedes sapientiae . Mariological Yearbook , Vol. 13, Issue 2, Kevelaer 2009, 2, pp. 77-80.
  • Swetlana Fink: Dietrichswalde: The East Prussian Marpingen? The Marian apparitions in comparison . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands (ZGAE), ISSN  0342-3344 , Vol. 59 (2015), pp. 3–30.
  • Hubert Orłowski: Dietrichswalde - a place of remembrance? In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands (ZGAE), Vol. 59 (2015), pp. 49–56.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on May 28, 2017
  2. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b Alexander August Mützell, Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 1: A-F. Halle 1821, p. 274, item 1204.
  4. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 67
  5. ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 36, point 203.
  6. ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg. Berlin 1966, Allenstein district, p. 2, item 34.
  7. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2. Berlin 1874, pp. 18-19, item 13.
  8. ↑ http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Dietrichswalde_(Kreis_Allenstein)
  9. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. allenstein.html # ew33alstdietrichsw. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ↑ Andrzej Kopiczko: The recent history of the diocese of Warmia . In: Rainer Bendel (Hrsg.): Church and cultural history in north-east and east-central Europe. Initiatives, methods, theories . Lit, Münster 2006, ISBN 3-8258-6178-3 , pp. 139–152, here p. 144.
  11. ↑ Sanctuary Matki Bozej Gietrzwałdzkiej ( Memento of the original from October 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish), accessed May 1, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / sanktuariummaryjne.pl
  12. ↑ Entry about the Menslages partner community Gietrzwałd on the homepage of the joint community Artland.Accessed on May 4, 2019, 8:10 pm