Holten (Oberhausen)

Holten City of Oberhausen
Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ′ 26 "  N , 6 ° 47 ′ 14"  E
Height :	32 m
Area :	3.43 km²
Residents :	5520  (Dec. 31, 2012)
Population density :	1,609 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	July 1, 1917
Incorporated into:	Sterkrade
Postal code :	46147
Area code :	0208

The former town of Holten is a district of Oberhausen , which is located in the northwest of the Sterkrade district and at the end of 2012 had 5,520 inhabitants on an area of ​​3.43 km². It borders Dinslaken - Hiesfeld and Barmingholten to the north, Schmachtendorf and Weierheide to the east, Duisburg - Röttgersbach and Biefang to the south and Duisburg- Wehofen to the west .

history

Political history

Fort Holten

The moated castle owned by the Lords of Holte, already in existence in the 11th century, is considered to be "the nucleus of the town". Everwin (us) von Holte (n), who is mentioned in various documents between 1151 and 1184, is the first lord of the castle. His best-known descendant is the nobleman Mechthild (is) von Holte (n) (approx. 1230–1301), who among other things supported the construction of the neighboring Cistercian monastery in Sterkrade by transferring the church patronage and various donations. Today's Mechthildisstraße in the old town center of Holten is named after her. When her granddaughter of the same name married Engelbert II von der Mark in 1298 , Holten and the surrounding area fell to the County of Mark . In order to secure the territory on the edge of his dominion against the neighboring county of Kleve , which had recently fortified the neighboring Dinslaken and elevated it to the status of a town, Engelbert had the old castle expanded into Fort Holten in 1307 . In 1310, the town of Holten, which was now fortified and provided with a city wall, received market and town rights. In 1319 Engelbert achieved the ecclesiastical independence of Holten from Walsum and promoted the establishment of its own congregation and the building of a church.

When the counties of Mark and Kleve were united in the Duchy of Kleve a few generations later , Holten lost its strategic importance and lived a meager existence for several centuries in a largely impassable and inhospitable environment. The city, which has belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia since the 17th century, never had more than 150 houses. The gradually decaying fortifications were razed in 1780.

During the Napoleonic rule , Holten lost its town charter, but was made a Mairie . After the reintegration into the Prussian state association, this was confirmed by the establishment of a mayor's office . The actual municipality of Holden was officially named Stadt und Feldmark Holten in the 19th century, although it no longer had a town charter . In addition, the four communities Amt Holten , Sterkrade , Hamborn and Beeck belonged to the mayor's office Holten, which thus included large parts of today's cities of Duisburg and Oberhausen and in the north of Duisburg via Laar and Marxloh to the Rhine ; however, the entire structure had only 3,622 inhabitants in 1810.

In connection with the sometimes rapid population development in the 19th century due to the build-up of industry on the Rhine and Ruhr, there were numerous administrative reorganizations. The mayor's office of Holten, which initially belonged to the Dinslaken district , belonged to the Duisburg district from 1823 to 1874 and to the Mülheim an der Ruhr district from 1874 to 1887 . In 1886 the mayor's office in Holten was dissolved and divided between the two new mayorships, Beeck and Sterkrade. The two rural communities Stadt and Feldmark Holten and Amt Holten now belonged to the Sterkrade mayor in the Ruhrort district .

On April 1, 1908, the two municipalities Stadt and Feldmark Holten and Amt Holten were merged to form the municipality of Holten . When Sterkrade received town charter on April 1, 1913, Holten was briefly again its own mayor's office. As early as 1917, however, Holten was incorporated into the town of Sterkrade, with around 230 hectares in the west with around 900 inhabitants falling to Hamborn. In 1929, Holten came to the newly formed city of Oberhausen with Sterkrade as part of the municipal reorganization.

Coat of arms and banner

Holten coat of arms in the festival hall of Kastell Holten

Blazon : “In gold (yellow), divided by a split bar; in front a red-silver (white) cloud section (or mist) and in the back in three rows each triple divided into silver (white) and red pod. "

The coat of arms comes from an old city seal from the 13th century. It combines the symbols of Mechtild von Holte (n) (Wolkenfeh) and Engelbert II. Von der Mark (chess bars).

The former town of Holten carried a red-white (silver) -red banner in a ratio of 2: 5: 2, striped lengthways with the described coat of arms in the middle.

Church history

The parish of Holten came into being in 1319 through the separation from Walsum and the local parish church, which was subordinate to the Order of St. John ; Soon after, a church of its own was built, which was used until it was destroyed in 1944.

In the second half of the 16th century, the majority of Holten switched to the Reformation camp , which various spiritual and secular authorities tried to reverse through sanctions; among other things, the city was occupied by Spanish troops in 1586 and 1598. After Holten came into possession of Brandenburg in 1609 , there were no longer any obstacles to officially joining the Reformed camp.

During the following decades there were only a few Catholic families in Holten; It was not until 1782 that the Catholic parish was re-established and a year later its own church was built, which was replaced by the current one in 1875.

The cemetery on Vennstrasse , which was laid out in 1714 and closed in 1933, is a reminder of the small Jewish community in Holten . The synagogue , which was completed in 1858, was only used as a prayer house from 1927 to 1936 in view of the shrinking community and then converted into an apartment.

The Protestant community of Holten, which stretched as far as the border with the province of Westphalia , had to accept several parishes in the 19th century , as numerous surrounding villages grew faster and strived for church independence. In 1847 the Protestant parish of Sterkrade separated from Holten, in 1868 the parish of Königshardt, Hamborn in 1892, Buschhausen in 1905 and finally Aldenrade in 1913 . The church, which was badly damaged by bombing during the Second World War , was rebuilt in 1956/57 using the brickwork and the old foundations that were still intact. The remaining core community of Holten, whose Eickelkamp district is the last relic of its former expansion to include the city of Duisburg, merged with the Sterkrader community that emerged from it on January 1, 2010 to form the Evangelical Church Community of Holten-Sterkrade.

Economic history

Until the 19th century, the main livelihood of the residents was agriculture, whereby the surrounding quarry landscape was more conducive to livestock than to agriculture. In modern times weaving played a role for a while, with a high point in the 18th century. The subsequently emerging mining industry left Holten in a peripheral location for a long time. The scale in the 1850s Oberhausen-Arnhem railway led by bypassing the collapse of Holten over, and in 1886 inaugurated Station Holten is located about two kilometers east of the town center.

In 1909 , one of the first German airfields, the Holten airfield, was built in the Holtener Bruch, which had meanwhile been largely drained by the canalization of the Emscher . Until 1927, however, club flying, air shows and training flights continued; The course and outcome of the First World War prevented the realization of an airport project.

Instead, Ruhrchemie was established on this site in 1928 , and now operates under the name Oxea . In the 1930s, chemistry was working on the large-scale implementation of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis against the background of the Third Reich's striving for self-sufficiency . After 1945 the Allies banned the production of synthetic fuels and the corresponding facilities were dismantled .

The Hugo shaft , which was sunk for the first time in 1895 and again in 1904 , stopped mining in 1931 and has disappeared from the cityscape.

Holten has its own junction (11) with the A3 motorway . More recently, several logistics companies have settled in the former Waldteich fallow land near Ruhrchemie, including the Lekkerland company that has set up a logistics center here.

See also

• List of streets in Oberhausen-Holten

Individual evidence

1. ^ The population in Oberhausen on December 31, 2012 (PDF; 8 kB) Retrieved on July 18, 2013 . 
2. ↑ Area and population according to statistical districts 2011 (PDF; 9 kB) Retrieved on July 18, 2013 . 
3. ↑ Fritz Gehne: Pictures from history Holten. In: Oberhausen Heimatbuch , arr. by Wilhelm Seipp, Oberhausen 1964, p. 81.
4. ^ Karl Lange: 675 years of Holten. In: Oberhausen '85 - a yearbook , p. 50.
5. ^ Official Journal of the Düsseldorf government 1873, mayors and municipalities
6. ↑ Gehne: Pictures from history Holten , S. 110f.
7. ^ Official Journal of the Düsseldorf Government 1886, p. 53
8. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia 1885, p. 68
9. ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf 1908, p. 140
10. ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf 1913, p. 234
11. ↑ Monika Elm: Holten in deep sleep. In: Adventure Industrial City - Oberhausen 1874–1999. Oberhausen 2001, p. 462.
12. ↑ Holten Banner
13. ↑ Coats of arms in Fort Holten and on the facade of the restaurant "Alt Holten"
14. ^ Sebastian Mohr: Jewish life in Holten. In: Shift Change 2/07, pp. 6–9.
15. ↑ Details on the history of the community up to 1930 in Fritz Gehne: History of the Evangelical Church Community of Holten. Oberhausen 1930.
16. ^ Gerda Susanne Buschhausen: The Protestant Church Holten. In: Oberhausen '84 - a yearbook , p. 27.
17. ↑ Dietrich Behrends: Chemical history was written in the Holtener Bruch. In: Oberhausen '98 - a yearbook , p. 85ff.

Web links

Commons : Holten (Sterkrade)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

•  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) 700 years of Holten city rights