Höhscheid
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District Höhscheid
City of Solingen
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| Height : | 160 (–206) m above sea level NHN |
| Incorporation : | August 1, 1929 |
| Postcodes : | 42655, 42657 |
| Area code : | 0212 |
 Location of Höhscheid in the city of Solingen.
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Höhscheid is a district of the Bergisch city of Solingen . Together with the adjacent Burg district , it forms the Burg / Höhscheid district .
geography
Höhscheid is located in the northwest of the Bergische plateau at the transition from the Ohligser Terrassenriedel to the Solingen plateau on the ridge directed from southwest to northeast at about 160 to 206 meters above sea level . The hamlet-like settlement has shifted over the centuries from the terrace slopes to the plateau along Neuenkamper, Bergerstrasse and Neuenhofer Strasse.
Today's district of Höhscheid is located in the south of Solingen and extends from the foothills of the city center to the heights above the Wupper. In the north, Höhscheid borders the district of Solingen-Mitte , in the east is the district of Burg, to the south of the district of Widdert and in the west of the district of Ohligs / Aufderhöhe / Merscheid . In the south there is also the city limit to Leichlingen , which is formed by the Wupper .
Höhscheid is characterized by its brook valleys, which separate the individual ridges on which the Höhscheid district is more densely populated today. The three largest valleys are the Nacker , the Pilghauser and the Weinsberger Bachtal.
etymology
The word Höhscheid probably denotes a border or watershed located in the height . The field name -scheid occurs often in Solingen. The brook valleys in the urban area probably formed natural borders or borders.
history
prehistory
The area of today's district of Höhscheid was only a few prehistoric individual finds. These are exhausted in a single Neolithic find at the Irler Hof south of the road from Kohlsberg to Höhscheid and another near Michelshäuschen in the Pilghauser Bachtal.
Settlement origins up to the 17th century
The beginnings of settlements in the Höhscheid area probably go back to the 10th century. As in the entire region, the so-called single farm settlement was initially common in the Höhscheid area, which densified in suitable places like hamlets. The eponymous for future city farms , the Höhscheider yard and Hofschaften lower- , middle and Obenhöhscheid , have their origins probably in the Middle Ages . The court name Höhscheid could have been mentioned for the first time as de Hesceidhe in 1189.
Numerous streams in the area of influence favored the construction of many grinding docks in the Höhscheid area. So it was above all the hydropower that formed the basis for Höhscheid to develop rapidly economically and to achieve some prosperity. The villages with more than 100 inhabitants, which were larger until the middle of the 19th century, emerged mainly near the Schleifkotten on the ridges or on the slopes of the brook valleys because of the blade trade tied to water power . A particularly large number were located near Widdert , Katternberg or Pilghausen, where the proximity to the city of Solingen will have favored the settlement.
Most of the Höhscheider space has the tenth district of Solingen Fronhofes heard and was therefore since 1363 the Monastery Altenberg tenth of charge , ie the tenant of the farms had annually a tenth of their income to the respective waiters to deliver. The Liber decimarum (the Altenberg tithe register ) from 1488 lists around 50 yards in the Höhscheid area. The Höhscheid area was divided into honors by 1545 at the latest. Since the 16th century, these served as tax and treasury districts below the parish level .
18th century
From the first half of the 18th century onwards, settlements were founded or densified on favorable road connections in the Höhscheid area, for example in the case of the Lindenhof , Neuenhaus and, indirectly, Hingenberg on the Neue Rheinstraße, which was built between 1752 and 1754.
During the construction of the Neue Rheinstrasse, workers in the so-called Bellinghauser Valley between Unterhöhscheid and Neuenhaus encountered lead ore while breaking out gravel stones . The mayor Johann Knecht was the first to apply for encouragement , he received it on September 5, 1754. However, the mine was initially not developed because of the Seven Years' War . It was not until November 6, 1773 that a consortium of Höhscheider personalities was formed, who finally acquired the courage for the pit and christened the pit Das Kleeblatt . The legal disputes with the leaseholder of the Höhscheider Hof, on whose site the mine was located, dragged on until 1794 and could be settled with a settlement. Since there was no smelter available on site, the lead ore was shipped via Hitdorf to Rotterdam , where it found a buyer in the porcelain manufacturer van de Pott. In the first ten years of operation, the mine made good profits. When the Netherlands increased import duties, the consortium set up its own smelter near Brücke , which paid for itself within a year . However, mining ore turned out to be more difficult from year to year, and the construction of new tunnels was very expensive. Lead ore mining was finally stopped in 1811.
In the second half of the 18th century, two representative houses were built on opposite plots on the Kirschheide in Höhscheid. The so-called Blue Side of the Kirschheide, a stately Bergisches slate house in the baroque style , was built in 1771. The house fell victim to a fire in 1908 and was then laid down. The Villa Lindenhof was built in its place and later housed the family education center. The so-called White Side of the Kirschheide, today's Haus Kirschheide , was built between 1782 and 1785 as an early Classicist villa in stark stylistic contrast to the Blue Side of the Kirschheide. The house initially functioned as the residence of a local manufacturer.
19th century
In 1808, under French occupation, the Mairie Höhscheid was founded with around 4,000 inhabitants. The municipality was created after border regulations with the neighboring municipalities of Dorp , Wald and Solingen from the honors Widdert , Höhscheid , Katternberg and Rupelrath as well as parts of the honors Hackhausen , Barl and Richrath . Measured by the area and the number of inhabitants, Höhscheid became a very large municipality compared to the others in today's Solingen area. It was Napoleon who had determined that none of the new communities to be formed should have more than 60 minutes in diameter and no more than about 3,000 inhabitants. However, the French ruler made an exception in the case of Höhscheid with regard to the economic situation of the community.
The attempt of the municipality of Solingen to unite with Höhscheid and Dorp failed in 1814. After the French withdrew, Prussia took over rule in the Rhineland . In 1816 the Mairien became the mayor's offices . In the newly created mayor's office Höhscheid there were a total of 91 localities at that time. In 1820 and again in 1829/1832 border regulations took place between the mayor's office in Höhscheid and its neighboring communities. The city charter by the Prussian city order received Höhscheid on 24 September. 1856
In 1832 the mayor's office in Höhscheid was divided into the following honors:
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The lead mine in Höhscheid resumed operations in 1861, this time under the direction of Carl Hartkopf zu Katternberg. He named the pit Julie . So that the water could drain away, a 2,000- foot- long tunnel was dug under the highway in the Pilghauser Tal. Due to unprofitability, the mining operations were stopped again in 1889. For the history of mining in today's Solingen area, only the lead ore mining on the clover leaf was of economic relevance.
In pre-industrial times, Höhscheid was considered an extremely wealthy community due to the large number of sanding cottages. Unlike most of the other formerly independent towns in today's Solingen area, Höhscheid was initially not connected to the railroad . Due to the lack of a siding, the development from grinding knots to steam grinding shops caused by industrialization only took place to a limited extent in Höhscheid. Nevertheless, some companies flourished during this time, such as the Zwilling JA Henckels knife factories or Friedrich Abraham Herder Sohn , as they relocated their production areas from Höhscheid to the outskirts of the community. Because some of the factories were located in Solingen, taxes from large companies also flowed to significant parts of the city of Solingen. The railway line between Cologne and Gruiten of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , which was built from 1864 to 1867 by the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , also ran through the Höhscheider urban area near Landwehr . After decades of efforts by the Höhscheid city council, it was finally possible in 1894 to set up a train stop in Landwehr. Far away from the city center and only served by passenger traffic, the use of the stop for the Höhscheid economy was extremely limited.
From 1892 to 1893 the Höhscheid town hall was built at the beginning of Neuenhofer Straße. It replaced the adjacent slate house as the town hall. In 1895 the Höhscheid area had a size of 2,066.8 hectares .
From the second half of the 19th century onwards, settlement development in Höhscheid tended more and more towards the city of Solingen and Aufderhöhe , which at that time largely belonged to Höhscheid. By the end of the 19th century, a few representative factory owners' houses were built in the Hingenberg, Neuenhof, Lindenhof and Kirschheide areas. At the end of the 19th century, the city of Höhscheid attempted to build a representative city center around the town hall and Höhscheider Platz on Morgen-, Mittag- and Abendstrasse. However, this could not stop the settlement densification in Aufderhöhe and in the direction of Solingen. A real city center has therefore never developed in Höhscheid. In 1898 Höhscheid was connected to the tram to Solingen.
20th century until today
Until the 20th century the town of Höhscheid had a predominantly rural character. In 1890, the town of Höhscheid consisted of 132 residential spaces, many of which were scattered across the entire city.
The communities of the upper district of Solingen, namely Gräfrath , Wald, Ohligs and Solingen merged with Höhscheid on August 1, 1929 to form a new city of Solingen. Ohligs had been the sharpest opponent of this union. But the fight under the last Ohligser councilor and mayor Paul Sauerbrey was in vain and the Prussian state parliament finally decided to unify the cities.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the Solingen savings and construction association in particular changed the face of Höhscheid. Among other things, with the housing estates at Weegerhof (1927–1930) and at Böckerhof (1930–1933), which were built on former arable land, the Spar- und Bauverein practically created new districts in the border area between Solingen and Höhscheid. On June 22, 1935, the monument to the so-called Little Emperor on Peter-Höfer-Platz, which had been erected around 1890, was removed. It was replaced by a contemporary memorial for the fallen soldiers, designed by the artist Harry Stratmann and inaugurated in 1937. In the mid-1930s, Federal Motorway 3 was built west of Höhscheid , which near Ohligs also crosses Solingen's urban area. In 1936 the Solingen junction was opened in Langenfeld-Wiescheid.
In the Second World War , Höhscheid was largely spared from war-related destruction, unlike the Solingen city center. This was also the reason that after the devastating bomb attacks on the old town of Solingen on November 4th and 5th, 1944, large parts of the Solingen population sought refuge in Höhscheid, which initially caused the population of Höhscheid to rise sharply after the Second World War.
In 1962 the train stop in Landwehr was closed due to declining passenger numbers. In 1977 the Peter-Höfer-Platz was redesigned and traffic calmed down in the process. For the inauguration of the square on September 17, 1977, the then Federal President and born Höhscheider Walter Scheel also appeared .
Coat of arms and seal
Although Höhscheid received city rights as early as 1856, it never had a coat of arms , only a seal . The coat of arms shown here is only a draft that was derived from the seal of the town of Höhscheid. The latter is described as follows:
"Over three hills (Dreiberg) a growing (rising) sun disk with 15 rays."
It symbolizes the hilly location of Höhscheid in the Bergisches Land as well as the economic rise (rising sun) of the city. The three towers that crown the projected coat of arms symbolize Höhscheid's status as a small town .
population
The population and number of houses in Höhscheid in selected years after the founding of the mayor's office are as follows:
| year | population | Number of houses | reference |
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| 1816 | 4,054 | 643 | Mayorry |
| 1828 | 4,926 | Mayorry | |
| 1832 | 5,108 | 753 | Mayorry |
| 1843 | 6.119 | 852 | Mayorry |
| 1871 | 9,635 | 1,252 | city |
| 1895 | 12,841 | 1,779 | city |
| 1928 | 15,747 | city | |
| 1961 | 25,856 | 3,871 | district |
| 1970 | 21,825 | district |
Subdivision structure and places to live
Höhscheid has, largely due to its topography , a fragmented development. Peter-Höfer-Platz, named after a mayor of Höhscheid, forms its historical core of the settlement; also the federal road 229 - known as Neuenhofer and Grünewalder Strasse - which connects the square with the Solingen city center. Away from this main traffic axis, often in the stream valleys, there are the traditional Bergische Hofschaften . These include above all:
Balkhausen, Erf, Glüder , Grünewald, Haasenmühle, Hästen, Katternberg, Kohlsberg, Lindenhof, Nacken, Neuenhaus, Pfaffenberg, Pilghausen, Platzhof, Schlicken, Unnersberg, Weeg, Wippe
There are also various other living spaces. These include the Spar and Bauverein settlement at Weegerhof and the one at Böckerhof . Large parts of Höhscheid's population also live in the district around Bismarckplatz and Bülowplatz as well as in the settlements on Vockert and Bauermannskulle.
Attractions
Villas
One of the most famous sights in Höhscheid is the Kirschheide house, which has been used as a registry office since 1993 . It is an early classicist villa that was built between 1782 and 1785 on today's Neuenhofer Straße. It joins numerous other picturesque villas from the Wilhelminian era, such as Villa Lindenhof, the building of the former family education center diagonally across from Haus Kirschheide.
Grinding balls
In addition, there are two restored grinding cabins in Höhscheid that are now used as a museum and serve as monuments to Solingen's industrial history. On the one hand, the Wipperkotten is the last remaining Doppelkotten on the Wupper. The Balkhauser Kotten , Solingen's second Schleifkotten museum, is located nearby .
Personalities
Mayor (of the former town of Höhscheid)
The following personalities held the office of mayor in the mayor's office and later town of Höhscheid until 1929 :
- Johann Peter Becher, Mayor (1808–1816)
- Johann Peter Kaiser, Mayor (1816–1819)
- Johann Peter Höfer (1773–1852), Mayor (1821–1849)
- Peter Daniel Berger (1804–1873), Mayor (1849–1873)
- Josef Pütz, Mayor (1873–1881)
- Louis Gläßner (1844–1920), Mayor (1881–1911)
- Hugo Pohlig, Mayor (1911–1929)
In the period between the death of the mayor's cup and the office of the mayor emperor who administered Assistant Tesche the community. In the almost two years between August 30, 1819 and August 25, 1821, the administrative business was led by the deputy emperor. On August 25, 1821, the secretary Höfer was appointed as an alderman in his place and the administration of the mayor's office was entrusted to him. On April 1, 1823 he became acting mayor.
When Mayor Pütz left his office on February 1, 1881, Hauptmann a. D. Ernst von Arnim the provisional administration. On August 1, 1881, it was transferred to the alderman August Neeff until the new mayor Gläßner took over the business on September 8, 1881.
sons and daughters of the town
- Walter Scheel (1919–2016), FDP politician, Federal Minister from 1964 to 1974, also Vice Chancellor from 1969 to 1974 and Federal President from 1974 to 1979
- Erwin Bowien (1899-1972). Painter and author, has had a studio in the Heinen house, Neuenkamper Strasse 163, in the village of Neuenhaus, since the 1930s.
- Hanns Heinen (1895–1961), author, journalist and poet, lived in the former Steigerhaus of the Höhscheider lead mine in the village of Neuenhaus from 1931 until his death, and held a “literary salon” with his wife Erna Heinen-Steinhoff.
- Bettina Heinen-Ayech (* 1937), painter and publicist.
Web links
- Anecdotes about the district on solingen-internet.de , accessed on May 22, 2016
literature
- Reinhold Kaiser: Rhenish city atlas . Lfg. VIII No. 45: Höhscheid. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1985, ISBN 3-7927-0830-2 .
- Ralf Rogge, Armin Schulte, Kerstin Warncke: Solingen - Big City Years 1929–2004. Wartberg Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-8313-1459-4 .
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Heinz Rosenthal : Solingen. History of a city. 3 volumes, Braun, Duisburg.
- Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the 17th century. 1969, DNB 457973358 .
- Volume 2: From 1700 to the middle of the 19th century. 1972, ISBN 3-87096-103-1 .
- Volume 3: From the middle of the 19th century to the end of the Second World War. 1975, ISBN 3-87096-126-0 .
swell
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rheinischer Städteatlas Höhscheid ; Lfg. VIII No. 45, 1985; Editor: Reinhold Kaiser; Rheinland-Verlag Cologne; ISBN 3-7927-0830-2
- ↑ a b c Marina Alice Mutz: Höhscheid. In: Time Track Search. Retrieved May 22, 2016 .
- ^ A b Heinz Rosenthal: Solingen. History of a City , Braun, Duisburg, Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the 17th century. 1969, DNB 457973358.
- ^ A b c Heinz Rosenthal: Solingen. History of a city . From the middle of the 19th century to the end of World War II. 1975, Volume 3, Braun, Duisburg 1975, ISBN 3-87096-126-0 .
- ↑ Ralf Rogge, Armin Schulte, Kerstin Warncke: Solingen - Big City Years 1929-2004 . Wartberg Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-8313-1459-4
- ↑ Marina Alice Mutz: Seal, coat of arms, town halls. In: Time Track Search. Retrieved May 22, 2016 .
- ^ Marina Alice Mutz: Mayor of Solingen. In: Time Track Search. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
