Merscheid (Solingen)
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District Merscheid
City of Solingen
Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 7 ″ N , 7 ° 1 ′ 43 ″ E
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| Height : | 130 (–200) m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 6625 (2015) |
| Postal code : | 42655, 42699, 42697 |
| Area code : | 0212 |
 Location of the Merscheid district in Solingen
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 Hofstrasse in Merscheid
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Merscheid is a district of the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Solingen . Together with Ohligs and Aufderhöhe , it forms the most populous district of Solingen just before Solingen-Mitte .
The Merscheid district has its historical origins as a Bergische Hofschaft at least in the 14th century. The entire area was sparsely populated for a long time, Merscheid, as the largest of the various court estates in its area , was elevated to Mairie in 1808 and mayor's office in 1815 . When the town charter was granted in 1856, the court of Ohlig was also under Merscheid administration. In contrast to Merscheid, Ohligs benefited massively from its connection to the railway network from 1867 , the importance of Ohligs far exceeded the Merscheids and the municipality was renamed Ohligs in 1891.
Today the district is dominated by the residential areas that are still interspersed with the old courts. The Merscheider Hof, which gives the district of Merscheid its name, is located with its mountainous half-timbered houses in one of these residential areas north of Merscheider Straße.
geography
The district Merscheid is located in the west of the Süderbergland belonging means Bergisch plateaus . Devonian slate , greywacke and sandstones are overlaid by sand , gravel or gravel embankments from the main Rhine terrace. Originally, the place was composed of several courts, which were located on a ridge at about 100 to 160 meters above sea level. To the west the ridge drops off with a clear step to the Bergische Heideterrasse and thus to the Lower Rhine Bay .
The area known today as Merscheid extends well beyond the original Merscheider Hof. The district is located on a ridge between two wooded brook valleys, the Lochbachtal in the north and the Viehbachtal in the south. It is centrally located in the Solingen urban area and therefore does not have borders with neighboring cities. It only borders on the districts of Wald in the north, Solingen-Mitte in the east, Höhscheid in the south and Ohligs in the west. However, its borders are not precisely defined, Merscheid presents itself as a district between the districts without a real core.
history
Settlement origins up to the 18th century
Due to its dense forests and impassable terrain, the Bergisches Land probably remained uninhabited until the 8th century. So also Solingen, which already existed around the year 1000. For the first time in 1374 a Merscheid estate near the municipality of Solingen, which was elevated to a town in the same year, was mentioned in a document.
The early history of Merscheid is inextricably linked with that of the forest , which was far more important for centuries. The fiefdom in the villa Wald, which was initially owned by the emperor , finally came into the possession of the Deutz monastery in 1147 . The Deutzer Fronhof acted as a lifting point for the ten-duty yards of the Deutz Abbey, some of which were also in the area of today's Merscheid. In the parish of Wald, the area was divided into honors in 1249 at the latest . From 1363 the parish forest belonged to the office of Solingen in the county of Berg .
The cup mill was first mentioned as a fruit mill in 1641. The timing of their shutdown is not known. The Dahler Hammer is first mentioned in 1715.
In 1715, no settlement core had developed in the area of the later mayor's office or city of Merscheid / Ohligs. Erich Philipp Ploennies' map only shows various individual farms as well as isolated grinding cottages or mills, which were mainly located in the stream valleys on Viehbach , Lochbach and Itterbach .
Of the total of 41 farms that gave the Deutzer Fronhof the field and bag tithe in 1788, 19 were in the area of the later mayor of Merscheid / Ohligs. These were (today's spelling): Poschheide, Engelsberg, Untermankhaus, Scharrenberg, Wahnenkamp, Suppenheide, Kullen, Rennpatt, Hüttenhaus, Bockstiege, Piepers, Ohligs, Scheidt, Potzhof, Brabant, Diepenbruch, Broßhaus, Kottendorf and Kuckesberg. The farms of Garzenhaus , Heipertz and Monhof had to deliver the fruit tithe.
19th century
In 1808, under French rule, administrative structures based on the French model were introduced in the Rhineland . A main place was sought for the Merscheider area to give the so-called Mairie its name . At that time, Merscheid was the largest village in the area, so the Mairie was named after Merscheid. The Mairie Merscheid was formed from some honors from the parish of Wald, namely Schnittert and parts of the honors Barl , Bavert and Limminghofen . After the French withdrew, Prussia introduced new administrative structures in the Rhineland, and in 1815 the Mairien became the mayor's offices. In 1809 there were 14 grinding cabins or mills in the Merscheid mayor ; in 1816 the mayor's office had a total of 45 residential spaces. At that time, more than 3,000 people were already living in the mayor's office. From 1817 to 1850 the mayorships of Wald and Merscheid were administered by just one mayor for reasons of cost . This was initially Peter Daniel Koeller and finally from 1837 Franz von Falderen, who had their residence and official residence in Weyer .
Despite the unfavorable conditions for large-scale development, approaches to a settlement core were already emerging in Merscheid around 1829. In particular, the Merscheider Hof and the buildings on today's Hofstrasse and Eschenweg became increasingly dense. On September 24, 1856, the city of Merscheid received city rights .
With the opening of the Ohligser Bahnhof, today's Solingen Hauptbahnhof , in 1867, the importance of Merscheid towards Ohligs changed fundamentally. Merscheid had no direct rail connection. The center of gravity of the city of Merscheid quickly shifted towards Ohligs, which had previously only consisted of a few houses.
In 1873/1874 border corrections took place between the city of Merscheid and the city of Wald. In addition, a local statute was issued around 1875, which provided for the establishment of alignment plans. This was accompanied by the first official street names in the town of Merscheid, while the hamlet-like settlement had hardly produced its own street names before. The first street names included: Hauptstrasse, Wiesenstrasse, Taubenstrasse, Lindenstrasse, Zweigstrasse, Hofstrasse, Herzogstrasse and Mittelstrasse, of which only Taubenstrasse, Hofstrasse, Herzogstrasse and Mittelstrasse still bear these names today. Before 1886, the town of Merscheid received street lighting from an oil gas company. The contract with the company was terminated in 1891. In 1886, the Hendrichs drop forge was founded on Merscheider Strasse .
On August 11, 1891, with the construction of the new town hall on lower Merscheider Strasse, which was clearly oriented towards Ohligs and the train station, the city council of Merscheid decided to change the name of the community to Ohligs .
In the last quarter of the 19th century, the development in the threefold narrow half-ring of Blücher-, Bismarck- (today Eifelstraße) and Herzogstraße and the cross streets in between. The foundation stone for the Protestant church in Merscheid was laid on September 6, 1900, and the neo-Gothic church by the architects Adolf Cornehls and Arno Eugen Fritsche was inaugurated on March 2, 1902. The church became the center of the settlement due to its location and size. From Höhenückenstrasse (Merscheider Strasse), streets branched off at regular intervals at right angles, some of which were also more densely built up. Nevertheless, Merscheid had not yet lost its hamlet-like character.
In 1905/1906, the Düsseldorf architect Josef Kleesattel built the Catholic Church of the Conception in Merscheid on what was then Bismarckstrasse. After it was destroyed in the war, it was only partially rebuilt, in 1964/1965 a concrete hall without a tower was added in stark visual contrast .
Association of cities to this day
Together with the city of Ohligs, Merscheid was combined with the cities of Gräfrath , Solingen, Wald and Höhscheid to form the new city of Solingen on August 1, 1929 . The fiercest opponent of this association was Ohligs, who fought for independence not least because of its enormous economic power. But the fight under the last councilor and mayor Paul Sauerbrey was in vain and the Prussian state parliament finally decided to unify the cities.
From the 1950s onwards, a number of new building areas were built in and around Merscheid, including the one north of the Dahl estate. Likewise, the previously sparsely populated areas in the whole of Merscheid experienced structural densification. In the 1970s, the Scheuren industrial area was built south of Beethovenstrasse .
In the hundredth anniversary year, the Hendrichs drop forge and scissors beating shop on Merscheider Strasse closed in 1986. In the same year, the factory became the first branch of the Rheinisches Industriemuseum (today LVR-Industriemuseum). The employees were completely taken over and prepared for the museum work. The museum opened on November 24, 1986. Also in 1986, the restoration of the so-called judges' house in the Dahl court was completed by the private citizen Thomas Heringer, which has continued since 1982. Heringer received the Rheinlandtaler on November 25, 1986 for their commitment .
population
Population and house numbers
The population and number of houses in Merscheid and Ohligs in selected years after the mayor's office was founded are as follows:
| year | population | Number of houses | reference |
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| 1816 | 3,350 | Mayor of Merscheid | |
| 1827 | 3.814 | 530 | Mayor of Merscheid |
| 1832 | 4,182 | 660 | Mayor of Merscheid |
| 1843 | 5,221 | Mayor of Merscheid | |
| 1858 | 6,668 | 915 | City of Merscheid |
| 1868 | 7,738 | 1,129 | City of Merscheid |
| 1871 | 8,772 | 1,245 | City of Merscheid |
| 1885 | 12,646 | 1,765 | City of Merscheid |
| 1895 | 17,048 | 2,107 | City of Ohligs |
| 1905 | 24,257 | 2,746 | City of Ohligs |
| 1925 | 29,804 | City of Ohligs | |
| 1939 | 32,024 | Borough | |
| 1946 | 35,393 | Borough | |
| 1961 | 37,227 | 4,466 | Borough |
| 1970 | 45.223 | Borough | |
| 1992 | 43,791 | Borough | |
| 1995 | 43,737 | Borough | |
| 2015 | 6,625 | District Merscheid |
economy
For the economic history of Merscheid, as in the other districts of Solingen , the metalworking industry, especially the manufacture of cutlery , was decisive for centuries . The beginnings go back to the Middle Ages . The majority of the cutlery was made in the grinding cabins or hammers at Itterbach, Lochbach and Viehbach. In 1715 there were 15 grinding heads and mills as well as a hammer mill in the Ohligser / Merscheider area alone . Already at the beginning of the 14th century, the cutters were export-oriented, with the cutlery being delivered to France , Italy , the Netherlands , the Nordic countries and America with the help of trading houses . In the 19th century, the cutlery industry had such a high proportion of employment that other industries such as the textile sector were virtually insignificant.
Factory production in Merscheid did not begin in the cutlery industry, but in the manufacture of frame frames for bags, cigars or cigarette cases. These so-called ironing factories supplemented the cutlery industry from the 1840s. As in Wald, there was also the umbrella equipment industry from the end of the 19th century. The factory production of umbrella frames made umbrellas much cheaper . Large factories such as Kortenbach & Rauh in Wald and C. Rob. Hammerstein in Merscheid (founded in 1849).
There are still numerous small and medium-sized companies in the cutlery industry in the district. These include the Friedrich Olbertz and Richartz pocket knife factories, the Robert Klaas and Carl Linder knife companies and the Hugo Herkenrath supplier company. The largest employer in the district and also the largest private employer in the whole of Solingen is today the automotive supplier BIA Kunststoff- und Galvanotechnik with over 1,000 employees. In addition, the Hammerstein company is still important, since 2010 it has been in the hands of Johnson Controls .
Transport and infrastructure
traffic
Merscheid is connected to the other parts of the city via the state road 67 and the state road 141 as inner-city thoroughfares. The L 141n between Solingen-Wald and Ohligs, which has been converted into a motor vehicle , also runs through the district. The L 141n has a junction on the Schwarze Pfähle road (L 67).
Connections to the bus services of the Stadtwerke Solingen, partly in the form of a trolleybus line , exist via the following lines:
| line | Line course |
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| 681 | Hästen - Graf-Wilhelm-Platz - Merscheid - Solingen Central Station |
| 693 | Graf-Wilhelm-Platz - Wald - Merscheid - Aufderhöhe bus station |
Infrastructure
There are two primary schools in the Merscheid district , the municipal primary school Kreuzweg and the municipal primary school recovery street. There are also some private and municipal kindergartens. The Mildred Scheel vocational college is also located in Merscheid .
Merscheid has two churches, the Protestant church on Hofstrasse and the Catholic St. Mary's Conception on Eifelstrasse.
Culture and sights
LVR industrial museum
The Hendrichs drop forge is located in Merscheid , a former company site that was converted by the Rhineland Regional Council into an industrial museum operated by the association after the forge went bankrupt in 1986 . It illustrates the typical manufacture of scissors in Solingen, the city of blades, from the blank to the finished product against the background of industrialization . Much of the equipment in the factory dates back to the early days of the drop forge and is therefore over a hundred years old. The adjacent Wilhelminian-style factory owner's villa is also part of the museum .
Drop forge Hendrichs
Inside the drop forge
Hendrichs factory owner's villa
Cobra
At its location at Merscheider Straße 77/79, the Cobra cultural center offers a large number of cultural events on its stage as well as a popular, small cinema with a sophisticated program. This program was honored on January 13, 2015 by the Filmstiftung NRW and funded with an amount of 3,000 euros.
As early as the 1970s there were plans for a self-governing cultural center in Solingen. For a long time, however, this was highly controversial in politics. The plans were finally implemented in the Odeon cinema building, which opened in 1938 and operated until 1963, which was then used as a film studio by Cobrafilm for more than two decades . The city council passed the resolution on June 15, 1989, the private association Die Provinz lives e. V. to commission the renovation of the building. On October 7, 1994 the Cobra opened as a communication center. Initially only used as a cinema, it quickly developed into a cultural center with events for all ages beyond the screen . The city of Solingen supported the operation of the Cobra with 80,700 euros annually. After bankruptcy, a non-profit GmbH was founded in 2009 as the operating company of Cobra. Anja Stock has been the managing director of Cobra since 2012.
Circular hiking trails
The Merscheid district is particularly popular with hikers and walkers because of its scenic location. Today there are some designated cycle paths in the district.
One of these trails is the Rund um Merscheid hiking trail . This is a 10.8-kilometer, moderately difficult circular hiking trail with short, steep passages that leads through the stream valleys around Merscheid. The hiking trail is marked with the M marking in a circle and has a height difference of up to 240 meters. The path runs through twelve Merscheider courts, in which around 50 buildings, mostly half-timbered houses of the Bergisch style , are listed .
There is also the Merscheider Scherenweg , a 6.5-kilometer circular hiking trail in Merscheid, on which the production of scissors from blank to finished scissors is shown and explained in five stations. In the blade city of Solingen, where the production of scissors was once an important branch of the economy, there are still some companies in the branch. At each station on the scissor path there is a colored scissor model and an explanatory board on which the processing steps are described. The Merscheider Heimatverein planned and implemented the project for over two years. Scherenweg was officially opened on July 19, 2008 at the Merscheid branch of the Solinger Stadt-Sparkasse .
Personalities
Mayor (of the former cities of Merscheid and Ohligs)
The following personalities held the office of mayor in the mayor's office of Merscheid and the city of Ohligs :
- Johann Abraham Koeller, Mayor of Merscheid (1808–1811)
- Peter Daniel Koeller, Mayor of Merscheid (1811–1837)
- Franz von Falderen, Mayor of Merscheid (1837–1848)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Tilmes, Mayor of Merscheid (1851–1863)
- Theodor Kelders (1832–1910), Mayor of Merscheid (1863–1889)
- Paul Martin Trommershausen, Mayor of Merscheid / Ohligs (1889–1903)
- Karl Czettritz (died 1920), Mayor of Ohligs (1903–1920)
- Paul Sauerbrey (1876–1932), Mayor of Ohligs (1922–1929)
From 1817 to 1848 the municipalities of Wald and Merscheid were administered in personal union. After the death of the mayor Peter Daniel Koeller, the acting mayor Gottlieb Kyllmann administered the community until the mayor of Falderen took office. After the departure of the mayor of Falderen, the community was administered by Friedrich Wilhelm Tilmes on a provisional basis until he took office. From October 1st, 1920 the administrative business was initially led by the deputy from Bruch. However, he was elected mayor of Leer (East Friesland) and retired on November 20, 1920. After this, the councilor quantity and then the councilor Wilhelm Langhans led the administrative business until Paul Sauerbrey took office in 1922.
Honorary citizen
The only honorary citizen is the long-standing councilor of Merscheid / Ohligs, Otto Nippes (1842-1922), who from 1881 to 1911 and honorary councilor was.
Web links
- Brief portrait of the Merscheid district on the private website solingen-internet.de , accessed on January 14, 2015
- History of Merscheid on merscheider-heimatverein.de , accessed on January 14, 2015
literature
- Rhenish city atlas of Ohlig ; Lfg. XII No. 66, 1996; Editor: Elisabeth Reuß; Rhineland publishing house Cologne
- Johannes Fahmüller, Ralf Rogge, Marco Kieser: Villas in Solingen. Bourgeois houses between 1860 and 1950. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-292-6 .
- Manfred Kohl: Solingen-Ohlig leaps in time. Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-229-2 .
- Ralf Rogge, Armin Schulte, Kerstin Warncke: Solingen - Big City Years 1929–2004 . Wartberg Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-8313-1459-4
- Heinz Rosenthal: Solingen. History of a city . 3 volumes, Braun, Duisburg
- Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the 17th century. 1969, DNB 457973358.
- Volume 2: From 1700 to the middle of the 19th century. 1972, ISBN 3-87096-103-1 .
- Volume 3: From the middle of the 19th century to the end of the Second World War. 1975, ISBN 3-87096-126-0 .
swell
- ↑ Solinger Tageblatt of August 4, 2015, p. 19
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Rheinischer Städteatlas Ohligs ; Lfg. XII No. 66, 1996; Editor: Elisabeth Reuß; Rhineland publishing house Cologne
- ↑ Brief overview of the history of Merscheid on solingen - merscheider-hof.de , accessed on January 14, 2015
- ↑ Marina Alice Mutz: Evangelical Church Merscheid. In: Time Track Search. Retrieved May 8, 2016 .
- ↑ Marina Alice Mutz: Mary's conception. In: Time Track Search. Retrieved May 10, 2016 .
- ^ Heinz Rosenthal: Solingen. History of a city . From the middle of the 19th century to the end of World War II. 1975, Volume 3, Braun, Duisburg 1975, ISBN 3-87096-126-0 .
- ↑ a b Ralf Rogge, Armin Schulte, Kerstin Warncke: Solingen - Big City Years 1929-2004 . Wartberg Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-8313-1459-4
- ↑ Cobra film program is excellent, Solinger Tageblatt from January 15, 2016
- ↑ A cult (ur) place turns 20 years old , Solinger Morgenpost from October 4, 2014, accessed on May 12, 2016
- ^ Marina Alice Mutz: Mayor of Solingen. In: Time Track Search. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
- ^ Solinger Tageblatt : Nippesstraße from the street names series , 2016
