Spar- und Bauverein Solingen
The savings and Building Association Solingen eG (SBV) is a housing association , which since 1897 in Solingen and is provided with 7,000 apartments, the second largest in North Rhine-Westphalia is.
history
Founding phase until 1933
The Spar- und Bauverein Solingen was founded on July 11th, 1897, mainly by workers from the Weyersberg, Kirschbaum & Cie company , the business owner also joined the cooperative. The initiator of the establishment was Pastor Otto Müller (1868–1947), who saw cooperatives as an effective means of combating the housing shortage at the time. In the statutes, the cooperative self-administration and the non-cancellability of the apartments - as long as the tenant did not violate the principles of the cooperative - was laid down. In 1898 the city of Solingen joined the cooperative, which took over a guarantee for the first buildings. The aim was also to keep industrial workers in the city through good and cheap housing.
After the turn of the century, social democrats became increasingly involved in the savings and construction association, and the SPD organ, the Bergische Arbeiterstimme , called on its readers to join the cooperative in 1910, so that within two years the number of members doubled to around 600. The comrades were able to buy into the cooperative by paying installments and also set up a savings account.
In 1911 there was a conflict with the Solingen house and landowner association , which influenced the city council to the effect that the city should not take on any further guarantees for the SBV. The arguments put forward were that the “gentlemen of the social democracy” wanted to lead the homeowners to “impoverishment”. The cooperative is socialist and wants to create working-class quarters to divide the city into different camps. The result was that the savings and construction association built another 23 houses with 76 apartments there and not in Solingen itself on the basis of a guarantee from the neighboring municipality of Höhscheid , which at that time did not yet belong to Solingen. From 1924 to 1927 on the site of the former Good Kannenhof the settlement in Solingen Kannenhof with 60 houses, a cooperative home and a central Dampfwäscherei built.
In 1920 the Spar- und Bauverein founded the Bauhütte Solingen together with the city of Solingen and the Bauverband , which carried out many construction projects for the Bauverein in the 1920s and also built the August-Dicke-School . After the Second World War , the building works only carried out repair and maintenance work on the houses of the cooperative.
In 1926, the savings and construction association bought the “trade union building” on Kölner Strasse. The offices of the cooperative, the AOK and trade unions were also located there.
Conception
The traditional living quarters of the workers at the end of the 19th century had tamped clay floors and pit toilets in the courtyard; there was no running water or sanitation. The families had to huddle together in a very small space; In the same rooms, often just one or two rooms for families of several people, people lived, slept and cooked. A hygienic storage of food was not possible. High child mortality and neglect were often the result of these circumstances.
Even with the first houses that the savings and construction association had built at the end of the 19th century, emphasis was placed on “modern” furnishings. It started with simple facilities such as doorbell signs with names, floor mats in the hallway and tidy mailboxes and went through stone floors and tiles in the kitchen and bathroom to toilets and bathrooms in the apartments, which were self-contained units. In addition, the first houses were usually intended for a maximum of four parties.
Among other things, the cooperative saw itself connected to the goals of personal responsibility, coexistence and new forms of living and gave its tenants appropriate advice. So emphasis was placed on not copying middle-class living, with nonsensical trinkets and a “parlor” only for Sundays. The apartment and furniture should be functional: “Furniture like this is generally good, and children and young St. Bernard dogs can be allowed to go with them without causing harm.” The settlements included extensive green spaces, as well as kindergartens and common rooms. With the selection of ambitious architects, a specific style was developed.
In addition, important goods were bought centrally, from coal to stoves to wallpaper, which were given to the members of the cooperative at low prices.
The Solingen population felt “their” savings and construction association with its many facilities and offers “as a small welfare state that protected the lives of its employees”.
time of the nationalsocialism
In the Nazi era, the savings and construction association largely lost its independence; the previous managing director Oskar Riess , a so-called "half-Jew" and member of the SPD , was removed from his office. The new managing director Franz Eickhorn, who also headed the district home office of the German Labor Front , decided on the allocation of apartments. This also meant, among other things, that SPD and KPD members had to give up their apartments and these were given to SA members, even though they were sometimes not members at all. “Non-Aryans” could no longer become members of the cooperative. Special social policy institutions such as a death benefit fund were banned, and shortly before the outbreak of war, the Bauverein had to hand over its savings accounts to the Sparkasse, which contained around one million Reichsmarks . In bombing raids, especially the large-scale attack on Solingen from November 4th to 5th, 1944, a quarter of the apartments of the Spar- und Bauverein were destroyed.
Franz Eickhorn was one of the group of National Socialists who broke into the apartment of the Jewish journalist Max Leven and shot him during the Night of the Reichspogrom , on the night of November 9-10, 1938 . In 1949 he was therefore sentenced to one year and six months in prison.
Since 1945
In 1945, the later Lord Mayor of Solingen, Karl Haberland, took over the management, who had already worked for the SBV before 1933 but had been dismissed by the National Socialists. He led the building association until 1964 and again provisionally from 1968 to 1970.
From 1951 to 1952, all of the destroyed apartments were rebuilt, but under more modern premises. In 1952, a new large housing estate with 391 apartments was built on Kotter Strasse, most of which - according to a stipulation of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia that had given money - were given to refugees and resettlers. The reconstruction of completely destroyed houses was completed in 1961. In addition, the SBV embarked on a new path by specifically creating one-room apartments for single people, as there was a surplus of women after the Second World War . These one-room apartments initially had a shared bathroom, but from the mid-1950s onwards, complete small units were built for single women. In total, more than 4,000 more apartments were built after the Second World War .
In the 1960s, the criticism of the savings and construction association and a supposed "felt" with the SPD and city administration grew. It was criticized that the granting of loans to the SBV would lead to a lack of grants for families - especially large families - so that they could buy a home. During the local election campaign in 1964, the Rheinische Post wrote that the buildings of the SBV meant "often not exactly nice regulations" and that the residents were limited in their individualism. In addition, the building association operates an "intellectual barracking", since it turns against the property policy of the federal government and acts as a political power in Solingen.
The SBV today
Today (2013) the SBV is the largest housing cooperative in the Rhineland and the second largest in North Rhine-Westphalia, with 7099 apartments in 1813 houses, 29 commercial units and 1425 garages. The rental and lease income amounts to around 26 million euros annually. The 2012 balance sheet total was EUR 283.7 million, the annual result EUR 6.8 million. The SBV is currently reviewing its settlements with regard to senior-friendly living. A housing project of the SBV, SeniorenWohnen Weegerhof , was awarded the “State Prize for Architecture, Housing and Urban Development North Rhine-Westphalia 2012”. Since 2013, the cooperative has also been offering its members advice on financial investments.
The SBV settlements are surrounded by around 700,000 square meters of green space and there are 3,000 house gardens. The savings and construction association has around 13,500 members (2013); almost every tenth Solinger is a member, and every eighth Solinger lives in a house of the SBV. The cooperative publishes its own magazine called Wohnen im Licht .
In every settlement there is a residents' meeting place where the neighbors of the respective settlement can meet. There are also various offers such. B. handicrafts for children, senior café, breakfast together, knitting and sewing, bingo, help with homework, cooking and baking together and many more.
Every member of the SBV-Solingen receives a membership card with which one can receive a discount of up to 20 percent from many discount partners.
literature
- Ralf Stremmel / Karl Peter Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . Cologne. Wienand 1997. ISBN 3-87909-542-6 Gb.
- Peter Zimmer: 'The situation of the housing cooperatives - illustrated using the example of the Spar- und Bauverein Solingen', in: Hiltrud Naßmacher (ed.): Wohnen und kommunale Politik , Munich: Minerva-Publication, 1985, pp. 131–144. ISBN 3-597-10393-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cool compartment for modern living on rp-online.de v. July 10, 2007
- ↑ a b Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 14
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 16
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . Pp. 30-33
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . Pp. 48-49
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 20
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 26
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 102
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 103
- ↑ Max, Emmi, Heinz, Hannah and Anita Leven on solingen.de ( Memento of the original from December 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 124
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 106 ff.
- ^ Stremmel / Wiemer: 100 years of Spar- und Bauverein Solingen eG - Better living. Living dignified. Living plus . P. 119 f.
- ↑ Economic success model . In: Solinger Tageblatt of June 24, 2013 [1]
- ↑ North Rhine-Westphalia State Prize 2012 for SeniorenWohnen. (No longer available online.) Spar- und Bauverein Solingen, archived from the original on January 7, 2014 ; accessed on January 6, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Save team. Spar- und Bauverein Solingen, accessed on January 6, 2014 .
