Tecklenburg Castle
| Tecklenburg Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Mauritztor of Tecklenburg Castle. In the center of the coat of arms is Minerva , who served as the patron goddess of the Counts of Tecklenburg. |
||
| Creation time : | around 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Tecklenburg | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 13 '11 " N , 7 ° 48' 35" E | |
| Height: | 170 m above sea level NN | |
|
||
The Tecklenburg is a castle ruin and venue of Tecklenburg's outdoor theater in the same city Tecklenburg in Steinfurt in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ). It was once the center of the county of Tecklenburg .
location
The hilltop castle is located on the so-called castle hill at about 170 m above sea level. NN at the Teutoburg Forest .
history
The castle as a customs fortress
The castle was probably built around 1100 by the Dutch Count von Zütphen in order to be able to control the important trade route Lübeck - Bremen - Münster - Cologne in this narrow and easily visible place and to be able to demand customs duties. Later, to secure the access roads to Tecklenburg, some noble courts were used as vassals to secure this route, such as B. Haus Marck , the properties Kieseling, Horne, Meeseburg, Kronenburg, Hülshoff and Wondahl. The facility was first mentioned in a document in 1184. At that time, the Tecklenburg is said to have been the largest and most powerful hill fort in northern Germany. 1168–1190, Archbishop Philipp of Cologne acquired the county of Tecklenburg from Count Heinrich von Geldern and Count Symon von Tecklenburg for the exceptionally high sum of 3,300 marks. Count Symon received Tecklenburg Castle as a fief and gave his Allode to the Archbishopric of Cologne for 50 marks . Connected with this were the bailiwicks of the monasteries Münster and Osnabrück , which from now on were located near Cologne and thus formed the basis of the claim of a ducal dignity for Westphalia by the archbishops of Cologne .
In 1226 the papal legate Konrad von Urach imposed the ban on the castle and the city of Tecklenburg because Friedrich von Isenberg , the alleged murderer of Cologne's Archbishop Engelbert , had hidden in the castle in 1225. In 1227, the Cologne church moved in Tecklenburg castle because the count had forfeited possession of the castle because of his participation in the conspiracy against Engelbert, according to the Cologne people; In 1282 the castle came into the possession of Bishop Konrad II of Osnabrück .
After the Counts of Tecklenburg died out in 1262, the county passed to the Counts of Bentheim . Between 1328 and 1562 it belonged to the Counts of Schwerin . This was able to acquire the rule of Rheda in 1365 . However, in 1400 they lost the northern parts of the county with the offices of Cloppenburg , Friesoythe and Bevergern to the bishopric of Münster .
In 1400 Tecklenburg lost the northern part of his county under Count Nikolaus II in a conflict with the Diocese of Osnabrück . This, and the fact that the Bremen-Cologne trade route was routed more and more via Osnabrück with the now expanded trunk road, reduced the strategic importance of Tecklenburg. Weapon technology had also changed significantly in the meantime, and the outdated defense systems of the Tecklenburg could only be improved very slowly.
From the fortified castle to the castle
In 1527, under Count Konrad , the county of Tecklenburg was the first to be reformed in Westphalia . In 1538 Konrad finally joined the Schmalkaldic League , a military alliance of Protestant princes and cities. 1547 Konrad took on the battle of Muhlberg part where the Protestants to Catholics under Charles V defeated. During this phase of the conflict, the fortitude of the castle was greatly expanded, as attacks were always expected; so a bastion was built in the northeast of the castle. From there, the southeastern moat, the market square, the valley cut in the north and the northwestern side of the castle could be shot at. A second bastion is suspected, but has not yet been proven. The urban development on Ibbenbürener Straße was torn down, it was in the field of fire to the north. There is disagreement about the extent of the large-scale demolition of the city, and in some cases it is assumed that the city of Tecklenburg temporarily no longer existed, as the buildings north of the castle with Ibbenbürener Strasse and the market square made up almost the entire city. Church historical sources about Tecklenburg are also lost during this time. When the military situation relaxed again in the second half of the 16th century and a temporary peace returned, the city could be rebuilt.
The castle also underwent numerous structural changes under Countess Anna , Count Konrad's daughter. These mainly served to improve the living comfort of the Tecklenburg and to develop them into a worthy residential palace. The windows were enlarged towards the outside and a new access route, today's Schlossstrasse, was filled in to reach the new north-eastern entrance to the Burg. All of this made the Tecklenburg lose much of its defensive strength, and a large part of the bastion was buried by the dam on Schlossstrasse. In the course of time the bastion fell into oblivion and was only rediscovered by chance in 1944, when a large cavity was found while digging an air raid shelter. It turned out to be the vault of the bastion. In the 17th century, the Mauritz Gate was built at the new entrance under Count Mauritz . The ground floor and parts of the first floor of the gate with its richly designed coat of arms frieze are still there today.
By avoiding the inheritance claims of the house of Solms-Braunfels , the county of Tecklenburg came to Arnold II (IV.) In 1557 at Bentheim-Tecklenburg . His son Adolf founded a special line in Tecklenburg in 1606. In 1588 the counts introduced the reformed denomination . As a result of a ruling by the Reich Chamber of Commerce , the county of Tecklenburg fell to the Solms family in 1696. Count Wilhelm Moritz von Solms-Braunfels sold Tecklenburg to Prussia in 1707 . In a Berlin comparison , the Count's House of Bentheim-Tecklenburg waived all claims against Prussia in 1729.
Under Prussia
With the sale to Prussia in 1707, Tecklenburg finally lost its independence and sovereignty. At that time, the Tecklenburg was in an extremely poor structural condition. Many attempts were made by Prussia to develop the Tecklenburg into a defensive fortress, numerous remains of the walls of the defenses bear witness to this to this day. Finally, the attempts were abandoned and the Tecklenburg was razed, from 1744 the castle was released as a quarry and gradually fell into ruin. Fragments of the castle are scattered all over Tecklenburg. The magnificent Renaissance fireplace of the Tecklenburger Hotel Drei Kronen comes from the castle, as does the decor of the bridge piers of the Haus Marcks, and the Tecklenburger prison was also built from stones from the castle.
From the second half of the 19th century the principles of monument protection were first considered, the constant demolition was stopped and attempts were made to conserve the remains. In 1884 the Wierturm was built on the wall that separated the forecourt from the main castle in memory of the court doctor Johann Weyer , who fought against the burning of witches together with Countess Anna. At the end of the 19th century there were plans to build a large climatic spa hotel on the castle complex, but these were rejected again. On August 7, 1907, the solemn ceremony for the 200th anniversary of Tecklenburg's membership of Prussia was celebrated in the second courtyard in the presence of Kaiser Wilhelm II .
The Tecklenburg as an open-light stage
From 1927 on, the Tecklenburg plays were performed in the first courtyard. Since 1949, the Tecklenburg, whose courtyard now has 2300 seats and whose stage technology enables professional musical performances, has been the venue for the Tecklenburg open-air theater (for a more detailed history of the theater at the castle, see there).
description
The complex has two courtyards, a forecourt and a main castle . A moat and a wall separate these two courtyards from one another. Parts of the wall and the moat have been preserved. The wall was crowned by the pentagonal so-called hook tower or "ship tower", the highest tower of the castle. Today only the foundation is preserved up to the height of the wall crown. The Mauritztor leads to the first courtyard. The second courtyard was enclosed on three sides by buildings, only fragments of the foundation walls remain. The so-called crown , a larger remnant of a room, is an exception . Legend has it that the castle chapel was located in this room, but this cannot be proven, nor whether there was a castle chapel at all. However, given the size and importance of the castle, that is quite likely.
The exact construction history and the former appearance of the castle are still not fully understood. The best-known illustration of the intact Tecklenburg is the Solms engraving from the 17th century.
The Wierturm is a round brick observation tower that offers a good view of Tecklenburg. The key for the door to the tower is available for a deposit from the guest house near the tourist information office on the market square.
photos
Wierturm on the Tecklenburg
The entrance to the bastion created in 1944
Tecklenburg open-air theater, with Mauritztor and castle fountain.
Remains of the castle wall
The so-called crown on the presumably old castle chapel
literature
- Edgar F. Warnecke: The big book of castles and palaces in the land of Hase and Ems . Verlag H. Th. Wenner, ISBN 3-87898-297-6
- Gabriele Böhm moated castle house Marck Tecklenburg . Westfälische Kunststätten ISSN 0930-3952
- Gabriele Böhm Evangelical City Church Tecklenburg . Westfälische Kunststätten ISSN 0930-3952
Web links
- Entry on Tecklenburg Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
- Tecklenburg Castle on burgenwelt.de , history, floor plan
- Site of the Tecklenburg open-air theater
- The Tecklenburg castle bastion ... on underground-over-day.de
- History of the Tecklenburg district (PDF; 4.4 MB)
- Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe: Burgberg Tecklenburg in LWL-GeodatenKultur
Individual evidence
- ↑ No. 1 of the Imperial and Reich Cammer Court to the Highly Praised General Assembly of the Reich in Regenspurg: sub dato Wetzlar, July 26th, 1703; in judged and exequired matters Solms versus Bentheim. 1722
- ^ Wierturm - special view over Tecklenburg in the city journal, the magazine for Ibbenbüren and the surrounding area