Raffenburg
| Raffenburg | ||
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 Wall remains of the Raffenburg |
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| Alternative name (s): | Raffenberg | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Wall remains | |
| Standing position : | Clericals, counts | |
| Place: | Hagen - Hohenlimburg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 21 '7.3 " N , 7 ° 33' 22.5" E | |
| Height: | 240 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Raffenburg , also called Raffenberg Castle , is the ruin of a hilltop castle in the Hohenlimburg district of the city of Hagen in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. It is located on the summit of the wooded Raffenberg ( 240 m above sea level ) in the middle of the Raffenberg nature reserve west of the Hohenlimburg town center and east of the Hagen district of Holthausen . On the northeast side of the mountain, the B 7 (Hohenlimburger Straße / Stennertstraße) separates the hill from the Lenneaue, which is more than 120 m lower . On the flatter south side of the mountain, a path leads up to the facility. It begins at the Piepenbrink hikers' car park near the fairytale forest . The Raffenburg is located in the Raffenberg nature reserve .
history
The Höhenburg was probably founded in the first half of the 13th century - probably after the manslaughter of Archbishop Engelbert von Berg in 1225 or on the occasion of the foundation of the Hohenlimburg directly opposite - as an electoral Cologne border castle against the emerging county of Limburg . This is supported by the rich and diverse archaeological finds as well as the historical sources and the political context.
From May 7, 1288, Count Eberhard II von der Mark besieged the Raffenburg in the Limburg War of Succession with siege equipment . After several unsuccessful attempts at conquest, the castle fell due to a lack of water, according to Levold von Northof , the chronicler of the Brandenburg counts. The castle was given as a fief until the 14th century . Coin and ceramic finds also show a further expansion and settlement phase after the destruction in the late 13th century.
investment
The castle was surrounded by a 120 centimeter thick curtain wall and a moat. It had two towers, two basement buildings , stables, a cistern and accommodation for the castle crew. The main entrance was in the east. The tower in the middle of the courtyard was the keep of the castle with an inner diameter of 350 centimeters and a wall thickness of 260 centimeters. The interior of the oval system was about 60 by 80 meters. The Raffenburg forms the center of a surrounding area with other fortifications and settlements.
All parts of the complex can still be found in the forest, the ruins are partly original, partly they were preserved in 1978, such as the cellar of the gatehouse .
Wilhelm Bleicher suspected a town in the vicinity of the castle. He postulated the foundation by Duke Heinrich the Lion . However, there is no archaeological or historical evidence for dating to the 11th and 12th centuries.
The Raffenburg was first scientifically examined in 1997 by the historian Andreas Korthals, now an archivist at the Hagen City Archives , as part of his master's thesis at the Ruhr University Bochum . An exact scientific investigation from an archaeological point of view is still pending.
In 2010, the archaeologists and historians Michael Baales , Ralf Blank and Jörg Orschiedt described the Raffenburg, the fortifications and the settlement in their surroundings archaeologically and historically according to the current state of research.
About 600 meters south of the Raffenburg there is another rampart, the Franzosenschanze ; it cannot be classified exactly, but probably belonged to the Raffenburg. Their trenches are still visible in the forest today.
Raffenberg Monument
The Raffenberg monument is located about ten meters east of the castle grounds in the thicket in memory of Emil Friedrich I von Bentheim-Tecklenburg . The sandstone monument dates from 1837 and was renovated in 1983.
The dedication on the front reads “Emil Friedrich, reigning Prince of Bentheim-Tecklenburg, born May 12, 1765, died April 17, 1835”, on the right side it says “Beloved, weeping, in quiet peace, you are noble from divorced us. Your pious disposition, your lovely deeds will rest forever in the hearts ”, on the left side“ sweet hope, beautiful faith that teaches us to meet again, gives the wanderer in the dust comfort in the pain of separation ”and on the back there is a biblical reference:“ Gospel John 14 verses 16-19 ”.
Legend
According to legend, the bad robber baron Humbert lived on the Raffenburg . When he could no longer withstand a siege of his castle, he agreed with the enemy that he would surrender if his wife would be let go with what she could wear three times. When this was granted to him, the sturdy woman carried her husband and then her son out of the castle. The third time she finally carried so much gold and jewelry out of the castle that she collapsed at the foot of the mountain.
literature
- Torsten Capelle: Wall castles in Westphalia-Lippe. Published by the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 2010 ISSN 0939-4745 , p. 12 No. I ( Early Castles in Westphalia special volume 1 ).
- Jens Friedhoff: Sauerland and Siegerland. Theiss Castle Guide. Edited by Joachim Zeune . Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1706-8 , pp. 118-119.
Individual evidence
- ^ Kai Olaf Arzinger, Wilhelm Bleicher: 1288–1988. 700 years after the Battle of Worringen, news from the Raffenburg . In: Hohenlimburger Heimatblätter for the area of Hagen and Iserlohn. Contributions to cultural studies . No. 49, 1988, pp. 282-294, 303-306.
- ^ Wilhelm Bleicher, Kai Olaf Arzinger, Hartmut Weber: The Cologne Raffenburg. One of the largest castle complexes in our homeland . In: Heimatbuch Hagen and Mark. Hagen home calendar. Contributions to culture and literature, history and development from Hagen and the Mark region . No. 27, 1986, ISSN 0173-2587 , pp. 123-132.
- ↑ Kai Olaf Arzinger: "Walls, Castles, Manor houses" a historical hiking guide. Hagen-Hohenlimburg 1991
- ^ Andreas Korthals: The Raffenburg. An almost forgotten Westphalian hilltop castle . In: Year of the Association for Local and Local History in the County of Mark . No. 98, 1998, ISSN 0937-1621 , pp. 67-83.
- ↑ Michael Baales, Ralf Blank and Jörg Orschiedt (eds.): Archeology in Hagen. A historical landscape is explored. Essen 2010, pp. 112–119. ISBN 978-3-8375-0423-1
- ^ Ralf Blank: Raffenburg. In: Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region, ed. from the Ministry for Building and Transport NRW u. Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, Essen 2010.
- ↑ Widbert Felka: On Raffenberg: home club who restored monument. In: Hohenlimburger Heimatblätter for the area of Hagen and Iserlohn , 45th year, No. 1/1984, pp. 3–5
- ↑ http://www.kudg-holthausen.de/altehp/holthausen/interessantes/raffenberg/sage-raffenberg.htm
Web links
- Entry on Raffenburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- The Raffenburg on ruhr-guide.de
- Historical reconstruction drawing