Office Fredeburg

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The Fredeburg office was an administrative district that dates back to the 14th century and goes back to the noblemen of Bilstein . With the acquisition of the state of Fredeburg in the Soest feud , this office fell to the Duchy of Westphalia around 1450 and thus to Kurköln . In the 16th century, larger areas in the north and south were separated and set up as additional administrative units. In this reduced form, the office existed from about 1600 to 1800. In 1802, with the duchy, it fell to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt , who in 1807 considerably enlarged the office to include neighboring administrative units. In 1817, a few years after the Duchy of Westphalia passed to Prussia, it was temporarily incorporated into the Medebach district as mayor's office . This district was dissolved in 1819, with the new district of Fredeburg in the Eslohe district.

Borders and roads

In the east and south, the vast forest areas of the Astenberg with the Kahler Asten and the Rothaar formed a broad border zone, beyond which was the Medebach office in the east and the county of Wittgenstein in the south . In the southwest was the Bilstein office , in the west the Stockum court , in the north the Eversberg office and in the northeast the Bödefeld court . After the division of the older Fredeburg office into two parts, the border formed the Eslohe office, which was established in the west around 1540 . In the south, a further separation from 1592 resulted in the Oberkirchen Patrimonial Court .

Coming to the office in the west near Elspe , Heidenstrasse led via Wormbach up to the Kahler Asten in the east through the office. Another road, the so-called Kriegerweg , ran from south to north, roughly along the border between Oberamt and Niederamt.

Origin of the office

Office Fredeburg in the Duchy of Westphalia, 1793

In the course of the 11th century, the county division of this area underwent a fundamental reorganization, which dissolved the old unit of Lochtropgau . While the northern half of the Gau, the area of ​​the original parish of Velmede , remained with the Counts of Werl -Arnsberg, the south, the area of ​​the original parish of Wormbach , was merged with the area adjacent to the west on both sides of the middle Lenne to form a new county . Under the noble lords of Förde or Bilstein, this formed the free spell or rule of Bilstein.

In this area there were numerous freehold properties under unfavorable agricultural conditions. Therefore, the Free County retained greater importance than in other areas. In the Oberamt Fredeburg in the 16th century around 85 percent of all farms were managed by Bilsteiner Free and over 50 percent of the farms were freely owned by their farmers.

Since the castles Förde and Bilstein were in the western part of the rulership and were unable to protect the Wormbach area sufficiently due to the great distance, the noblemen of Bilstein built Fredeburg Castle at the beginning of the 14th century. After her, the area of ​​the original parish Wormbach has since been referred to as "Land Fredeburg". Within the state of Fredeburg, a distinction was made between two offices: the larger upper office, which corresponded to the dean's office in Wormbach, and the smaller, lower office, which included the parish areas of Reiste, Eslohe, Schliprüthen and Oedingen, which belonged to the dean's office in Meschede. However, both offices were initially not independent districts, but only parts of the state or office of Fredeburg, which was administered in its entirety by the bailiff residing at Fredeburg Castle.

A bailiff at Fredeburg is mentioned for the first time in 1379. The distinction between the two sub-offices can be demonstrated for the first time in 1392. The two free counties Bilstein and Fredeburg formed the free spell of the rule Bilstein until 1440. Only since then did each of the two free counties have its own free count. Because of the large number of free and free goods , the free court was the most important court in the country. Numerous documents issued by the Fredeburg exemptions attest to this. The Gogericht , which belonged to the Archbishop of Cologne, only played a subordinate role until the 16th century.

history

The noblemen of Bilstein died out soon after 1363, after their position of power had already collapsed. Fredeburg Castle and Lordship were already in the hands of Count Gottfried IV von Arnsberg in 1353 , but in 1367 he had to give the area to Count Engelbert III after a lost feud. left by the mark. He in turn had acquired fiefdom over Bilstein and the western half of Fredeburg in 1359/1360. The Counts of the Mark and their heirs, the Dukes of Kleve, kept the reunited rule of Bilstein-Fredeburg until the Soest feud. During this war, Cologne troops captured Fredeburg in 1444 and Bilstein in 1445. Thereupon the free of both countries swore allegiance to the archbishop.

Since then the archbishop has been the owner of all courts and thus the undisputed sovereign in this area. In 1451 Archbishop Dietrich II von Moers pledged the Fredeburg office first to Count Johan von Nassau for 4,700 gold guilders and in 1459 together with the Bilstein office to the two brothers Johan von Hatzfeld for 6,000 gold guilders.

Go court and free court remained in their old form until around 1540. Then both were united by appointing the Frone or Leader of the Free as a Count. As such, he took over the duties of the ex-count. At the same time, the district of the new Gogerichts Fredeburg was limited to the Oberamt, while in the Niederamt the jurisdiction of the Gogericht and the Freigergericht was transferred to the parish courts Eslohe, Reiste and Schliprüthen, which emerged from the Arnsbergian bailiwicks. In this way, the Fredeburg office developed into two separate offices: the Fredeburg Oberamt, which in the following years was often administered by a Drosten with the Bilstein and Waldenburg offices, and the Eslohe office .

The Fredeburg office was further reduced in size around 1600 when Kaspar von Fürstenberg succeeded in forming the Oberkirchen Patrimonial Court and thus separating it from the office.

In 1802 the office of Fredeburg came to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt as part of the Duchy of Westphalia. On September 22nd, 1807, a law to redistribute the duchy into 18 offices came into force. The city of Schmallenberg , the court of Bödefeld and the patrimonial court of Oberkirchen were assigned to the Fredeburg office . This division remained in place until shortly after Prussia came to power in 1816, when this new office in Fredeburg was briefly incorporated into the Medebach district.

Incumbents and inmates

In the sources, the incumbents are called “officials”, “Amtmann” or “Drost”. As early as the 16th century it was common for a Droste to hold several offices. The offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg were often associated with Fredeburg. A presence in the district was therefore not always given. Then an administrator took over the Drosten's duties.

Judicial functions were associated with the position of administrative administrator. That is why he was also called "magistrate", "gograf" or "(go) judge". From around 1540 he also had high judicial functions. From then on he was also referred to as the “Hograf of the Fredeburg Office” or the “Hograf of the High Court before Schmallenberg”. The official residents were called "residents of the office" in the 16th century. In 1561 the Gogericht can be found in front of the upper gates in front of Schmallenberg. The city of Schmallenberg itself did not belong to the Fredeburg office, but to the Medebach office . Its citizens were expressly excluded from the Gogericht, as Archbishop Dietrich II von Moers determined in 1427.

Bailiffs

  • 1379 Johann von Hanxleden
  • 1437 Hunold von Hanxleden
  • 1437 Godert von Hanxleden
  • 1445 Hermann von Dorfeld 'the Elder'
  • 1451 Johann of Nassau
  • 1459 Johann von Hatzfeld zu Wildenburg 'the elder'
  • 1475/1514 Evert von Bruch
  • 1521/1527 Johann von Bruch
  • 1537/1541 Wilhelm of Hesse
  • 1547/1552 Simeon Schütte
  • 1559 Friedrich Fürstenberg to the Waterlappe
  • 1565 Friedrich Fürstenberg to the Waterlappe
  • 1590 Caspar von Fürstenberg
  • ???? / 1811 Ferdinand Pape
  • 1811 Brunswicker

Magistrate

  • 1518 Mandt Waldschmidt
  • 1540 Anthonius Heithe
  • 1553/1573 Anton Sassen zu Arpe
  • 1582/1587 Anton Becker
  • 1591/1601 Johann Hesselingk
  • 1602/1609 Anton von Plettenberg
  • 1667 Friedrich von Stockhausen
  • 1715/1716 Johann Reutz
  • 1749 Johann Albert Reut (he)

Remarks

  1. ↑ State Archives Düsseldorf, manuscript A IV 2 sheet 107b ff
  2. ↑ a b Wolf No. 304 and 305
  3. ↑ Wolf No. 268 and 288
  4. ↑ Wolf No. 369
  5. ↑ Seibertz Document Book Volume 3 No. 923
  6. ↑ Wolf No. 119
  7. ↑ a b Hömberg, Nachrichten, Heft 8, S. 60
  8. ↑ Hömberg, Nachrichten, Heft 8, p. 91
  9. ↑ Hansen Volume 2, page 36
  10. ↑ Korte p. 101
  11. ↑ Wolf No. 211 and 247; Hömberg, Nachrichten, Issue 8, p. 23
  12. ↑ Wolf No. 261, 262 and 279; Hömberg, Nachrichten, Issue 8, p. 25
  13. ↑ Wolf No. 289, 290 and 306
  14. ^ At the same time waiter in Arnsberg
  15. ↑ Wolf No. 312, 313, 328 to 333
  16. ↑ 1547 at the same time waiter in Arnsberg
  17. ↑ 1551 and 1552 at the same time Drost zu Bilstein
  18. ↑ Wolf No. 360
  19. ↑ a b at the same time Drost zu Bilstein
  20. ↑ Wolf No. 385
  21. ^ At the same time Drost to Bilstein and Waldenburg
  22. ↑ Wolf No. 469
  23. ^ Regest at Evers Hof zu Heiminghausen / Lauber
  24. ↑ Wolf No. 341, 346, 351a, 412
  25. ↑ Wolf No. 442, 447 and 456
  26. ↑ 1584 also judge von Schliprüthen
  27. ^ StA Münster, Arnsberg Higher Regional Court, Lehnsregistratur, Specialia II, E, 1 / Lauber
  28. ↑ Wolf No. 473 and 478
  29. ↑ Bruns, Oberkirchen, p. 28
  30. ↑ Bruns, Oberkirchen, p. 31f
  31. ↑ Bruns, Oberkirchen, p. 40
  32. ↑ Wolf No. A113
  33. ^ Bruns, Oberkirchen, p. 46

literature

  • AD Hüter: Historical news about the offices of Bilstein, Waldenburg and Fredeburg , in the journal for patriotic history and antiquity of Westphalia, p. 97 ff. (Google Books) , volume 17, 1857
  • Bernhard Göbel, Ferdinand Tönne, Theodor Tochtrop: The upper Sauerland. Country and People , Bigge 1966.
  • Joseph Hansen: Westphalia and Rhineland in the 15th Century , 2 volumes, Leipzig 1888–1890.
  • Josef Lauber: Stammreihen Sauerland Families, Volume V, Parish Wormbach, Das Land Fredeburg , S. IV, Richard Schwarzbild Dissertation Print Witterschlick near Bonn, 1978
  • Joseph Korte: The Westphalian Marshal's Office , Münster 1909.
  • Albert Hömberg : Church and secular state organization (parish system and court constitution) in the original parish areas of southern Westphalia , Münster 1967, pp. 8-18.
  • Albert Hömberg: Historical news about noble houses and manors in the Duchy of Westphalia , Issue V, Münster 1972.
  • Manfred Schöne: The Duchy of Westphalia under Hesse-Darmstadt rule 1802 - 1816 , Olpe 1966.
  • Elisabeth Schumacher: Cologne's Westphalia in the Age of Enlightenment , Olpe 1967.
  • Johann Suitbert Seibertz: Document book on the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , 3 volumes, Arnsberg 1839–1854.
  • Manfred Wolf: The archive of the former Grafschaft monastery. Documents and files. Regional studies series for the Sauerland in Cologne. Publications from the Arnsberg, Brilon, Meschede and Olpe districts. Vol. 4. Ed. From the Meschede district. Arnsberg 1972.