Assinghauser reason

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The Assinghauser Grund , also known as Freier Grund Assinghausen , was a condominium of the Electors of Cologne in their capacity as Dukes of Westphalia and the Counts of Waldeck . The area was in the area of ​​today's city of Olsberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis . The Cologne finally prevailed as a stronger force in the 17th century.

Emergence

The area belonged to the county of Arnsberg until the end of the 13th century . After the division of the County of Arnsberg in 1102, the Arnsberg property was surrounded by areas of Cologne and Waldeck. Count Gottfried III. von Arnsberg gave the area to his daughter Mechthild († 1298) as a dowry for her marriage to Count Heinrich III. from Waldeck. From 1275 the name Free County Bigge appears.

The free land was first mentioned in a document in 1301 by Count Otto I. von Waldeck. The people of Waldeck now combined this area with that of the Freistuhl in Nordenau to form the Freie Grund Assinghausen.

structure

Around 1300, Bigge , Helmeringhausen , Wulmeringhausen , Brunskappel , Wiemeringhausen and Assinghausen belonged to the free county of Bigge in the narrower sense . In a broader sense, there were also Olsberg , Elleringhausen , Bruchhausen , at times also Antfeld , Altenbüren and Keffelke as well as the Free County of Rüdenberg in the Elpetal , localities in the Orketal and the area of ​​the Nordenau court.

As a place of justice, the Assinghaus free chair was of central importance during the time of Waldeck's rule.

The residents included Waldecker and Cologne farmers, who had to pay taxes to the respective sovereigns. In 1536 there were 103 farmers subordinate to the Waldecker Freigericht in the narrower Assinghauser Grund. 43 were subjects of Cologne. Therefore, the area was considered a condominium.

The term "free" in the term freehold Assinghausen points out that most of the farmers of the area free goods that the free court were under Assinghausen. There were differences, however. In Antfeld, most of the farmers - as in Gevelinghausen and Scharfenberg , for example - were subject to the respective landlords. In Bruchhausen they were only partially free and in the other places most of the farmers were free. The Waldecker Free were especially numerous in Assinghausen, Brunskappel, Wiemeringhausen and Wulmeringhausen.

history

Politically, the free land between Kurköln and the county of Waldeck was controversial until the 17th century. At the beginning the Waldecker dominated. The area was often sold or pledged because of financial difficulties. Shortly after 1300, the people of Waldeck pledged their rights to Freie Grund to the Gaugreben family . These brought further parts of the area to themselves, so that they were the actual masters around 1370. However, after 1400 they pawned parts of it to the city of Brilon .

In 1533 the Waldecker released the area again, but pledged it to the Wolff von Gudenberg zu Itter as early as 1534 . They in turn pledged the area to Johann Hanxleden in 1536 . Since the area had always been pledged to Cologne subjects, Waldeck redeemed the Assinghauser Grund again in 1551. This meant strengthening Waldeck's position in the Assinghauser Grund condominium. After the pledges were replaced by Waldeck, there was now a conflict with Cologne. Both sides claimed sovereign rights such as the right to tax or jurisdiction. The Cologne Gogericht in Brilon competed with the Waldecker Freigericht and finally prevailed. The respective mining interests also played an important role.

Because the Waldecker free farmers did not recognize Cologne's tax law, violent attacks occurred. Since the 1580s there were more and more seizures by Kurköln against free people who did not recognize the Cologne rule. The dispute had already been carried out before the Reich Chamber of Commerce since 1554 . This was decided in 1598 in favor of Kurköln. In terms of mining law, Kurköln already prevailed in the 1590s. In 1628 Cologne finally succeeded in subordinating the entire area to its tax sovereignty. The legal dispute with Waldeck ended in 1663 with a compromise. Only the now insignificant free court and the hunting and fishing rights remained for Waldeck. The Waldecker Free Count was also subordinated to the Oberfreistuhl in the electoral residence city of Arnsberg . The Freie Grund became part of the Duchy of Westphalia. In it it belonged to the Brilon quarter until the secularization.

literature

  • Otto Knoche: The free ground . In: Sauerland. Journal of the Sauerländer Heimatbund 42, 2009, 2, ISSN  0177-8110 , pp. 71-73.
  • Josef Rüther: Local history of the district of Brilon . Regensberg, Münster 1956, p. 60.
  • Markus Kirschstein: The dispute between Waldeck and the Duchy of Westphalia (Kurköln) over the Assinghauser Grund. In: Südwestfalenarchiv, 12/2012, pp. 9–24.

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