Jewish order

As Jews orders since the 16th century to the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation to replace the individual contracts Jews letters of protection indicated by the princes collective rules adopted.

history

Jewish regulations of the bishopric of Münster from 1662

The efforts of the sovereigns to rationalize all existing sources of income and thus also to secure the use of the Jewish shelves led to the development of Jewish ordinances that competed with imperial privileges and ordinances. Urban Jewish ordinances were enacted as early as the late Middle Ages , which must be seen in the context of the city's statutes.

The sovereign Jewish orders of the 16th and 17th centuries developed parallel to the consolidating territorial state . The Jewish regulations had an impact on the legal status of Jews. Now the Jews could invoke a number of general provisions and enforce them in court. The possession of a letter of protection gave its owner the right to participate in the respectively applicable general Jewish law, which was laid down in the Jewish ordinances.

The reasons for the creation of the Jewish ordinances were the standardization of the locally strongly divergent law and the exact demarcation from the old imperial protective rights. The content was both the religiously based need for demarcation, such as the requirement to observe Christian holidays and a certain spatial distance between Jewish residential areas and Christian churches and processional routes, as well as economic issues such as the granting of freedom of movement and freedom of trade or the limitation of certain interest rates on credit - and pawn shops.

See also

• Statute of Kalisch
• Revised general privilege
• Electoral Cologne Jewish Code of 1599
• Baden's Jewish edict of 1809
• Prussian Jewish edict of 1812
• Bavarian Edict of Jews from 1813

literature

• Friedrich Battenberg : Jewish ordinances in Hessen-Darmstadt: the Jewish law of an imperial principality until the end of the Old Empire; a documentation . Wiesbaden 1987. ISBN 3-921434-09-2 . [not evaluated]

Web links

• Publications on Jewish regulations in the Opac der Regesta Imperii
• Prussian Jewish regulations from 1750 at the Landesverband Westfalen-Lippe

Individual evidence

1. ↑ cf. For example, the Münster Jewish Code of Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen's April 29, 1662 at Uni Münster.