Haller's cress

Haller's cress
	Haller's cress ( Arabidopsis halleri ) in Lower Austria
Systematics
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family :	Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe :	Camelineae
Genre :	Foam cress ( Arabidopsis )
Type :	Haller's cress
Scientific name
	Arabidopsis halleri
	( L. ) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz

The Haller cress ( Arabidopsis halleri (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ; Syn .: Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek ), also creep cress called, is a species of the family of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae).

description

Hallersche foam cress is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 60 centimeters. It usually forms several ascending to upright stems. It also forms root runners above ground. The basal leaves are either undivided or pinnate with rounded terminal leaflets. When they bloom, they are usually already dry. The stem leaves are egg-shaped, at least the lower ones are also pinnate. They are densely fork-haired on both sides. The stem is densely covered with protruding, simple, or 2-3-fold bifurcated hairs: towards the top it is almost completely bald.

The inflorescence is very loose, drawn far apart and makes up about half the length of the whole plant. The petals are white or purple and 4 to 6 millimeters long and provided with a long nail. The sepals are about a third as long as the petals. The pods are less than 1 millimeter wide and have a weak string of pearls. They are up to 30 millimeters long and stalked 10–13 millimeters long. They stand at an angle of about 60 degrees from the stem. The fruit has a narrow partition (much narrower than the fruit is wide). The fruit is flattened at right angles to the septum.

Flowering time is April to June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Locations

Haller's cress grows from around 300 meters above sea level up to higher altitudes (in the mountains to high mountains), even in soils containing metal. It occurs mainly on moist meadows and pasture lawns, but also on the edges of forests and ruderal locations. Haller's cress occurs in Central Europe, but with larger gaps. In addition, the distribution area of the species also includes southern Europe, south-eastern Europe up to the Ukraine, in northern Europe Spitzbergen and Jan Mayen and (with the subspecies subsp. Gemmifera ) also East Asia. The species was newly discovered in 1991 in Baden-Württemberg in the Black Forest near Bad Rippoldsau .

Socialization

Haller's cress is a characteristic species of the Geranio-Trisetetum from the Polygono-Trisetion association, but also occurs in societies of the Arrhenatherion association or as an ore flower in societies of the Violetea calaminariae class.

Arabidopsis halleri subsp. ovirensis , illustration

Systematics

The following subspecies are distinguished in Europe:

Arabidopsis halleri subsp. halleri : It occurs in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Switzerland, Slovenia, Ukraine, Romania, Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen . In Belgium she is a neophyte.
Karawanken foam cress ( Arabidopsis halleri subsp. Ovirensis (Wulfen) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz , Syn .: Cardaminopsis halleri subsp. Ovirensis (Wulfen) Hegi & Em. Schmid ): It comes from the Southeast Alps to the Carpathians and the northern Balkan Peninsula.

There is another subspecies in East Asia:

Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera (Matsumura) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz : It occurs in Russia's Far East, northeastern China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

Taxonomy

Carl von Linné described Arabis Halleri for the first time in the 2nd edition of his work "Species plantarum" from 1763 on page 929 . Albrecht von Haller had previously published this species as Sisymbrium foliis imis barbareae, superioribus integris dentatis . However, this designation is not binary and therefore not valid. Linnaeus names "Harcynia ad Clausthal" as the locus typicus, ie the Harz near Clausthal-Zellerfeld . Linnaeus honored Haller's achievement with the name of the species, although Haller rejected the whole Linneische system of plant naming.

Others

Haller's foam cress is particularly compatible with heavy metals. Since it also stores heavy metals (such as lead , cadmium , nickel and zinc - different depending on the subspecies) in the leaves - probably to make them inedible for predators or to be better protected against pathogens - it is also used to clean soil contaminated with heavy metals .

Studies of the metal-enriching plant were carried out at the Universities of Bayreuth and Tübingen . Further research - also on so-called phytomining - is to be carried out at the Ruhr University Bochum .

literature

Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Web links

Commons : Hallersche Schaumkresse ( Arabidopsis halleri ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Haller's cress. In: FloraWeb.de.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 28, 2015.
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Green helpers for environmental protection: Basic researchers prepare the ground for renovation helpers / Latest edition of MaxPlanckResearch published - report on innovation report in the field of medicine and health , on October 29, 2002.
More zinc! - Report on Bild der Wissenschaft , on March 29th, 2012-

Single receipts

↑ ^a ^b ^c Anette Rosenbauer: The meadow cress (Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek) new for Baden-Württemberg. In: Jahrhefte Gesellschaft Naturkunde Württemberg, 150th year, pp. 293–99, Stuttgart 1994.
↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 465.
^ ^A ^b ^c Arabidopsis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b Karol Marhold: Brassicaceae . Arabidopsis halleri . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
^ Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume IV.1, p. 234. Munich 1958-1963.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Are these metal-eating Bochum plants the future of raw material extraction? - Report on Vice's motherboard on October 7, 2014 (accessed June 11, 2015.)
↑ ^a ^b Foam cress and "Geobacter" - report on Chrismon.de in February 2015 (accessed on June 11, 2015.)
↑ ^a ^b More zinc! - Report on Bild der Wissenschaft on March 29, 2012 (accessed on June 11, 2015.)
↑ ^a ^b So far little interest in wondercress: US patent on plant expired - report on 3sat in Nano on June 9, 2015; see also 3sat.de (accessed on June 11, 2015.)

[Rosenbauer1994-1] Anette Rosenbauer: The meadow cress (Cardaminopsis halleri (L.) Hayek) new for Baden-Württemberg. In: Jahrhefte Gesellschaft Naturkunde Württemberg, 150th year, pp. 293–99, Stuttgart 1994.

[Oberdorfer2001-2] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 465.

[GRIN-3] A ^b ^c Arabidopsis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Euro+Med-4] Karol Marhold: Brassicaceae . Arabidopsis halleri . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

[Hegi1963-5] Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume IV.1, p. 234. Munich 1958-1963.

[Vices_Motherboard-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Are these metal-eating Bochum plants the future of raw material extraction? - Report on Vice's motherboard on October 7, 2014 (accessed June 11, 2015.)

[Chrismon.de-7] Foam cress and "Geobacter" - report on Chrismon.de in February 2015 (accessed on June 11, 2015.)

[wissenschaft.de-8] More zinc! - Report on Bild der Wissenschaft on March 29, 2012 (accessed on June 11, 2015.)

[3Sat-9] So far little interest in wondercress: US patent on plant expired - report on 3sat in Nano on June 9, 2015; see also 3sat.de (accessed on June 11, 2015.)