Venetian gallery

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Plaque at the Venetian tunnel with dates refuted by research

The Venetianerstollen is a 154 meters long tunnel, which through the shale of Basten Bergs in Rothaargebirge at Ramsbeck for the digestion of a vein with silver- galena lead and copper. According to research, it was created in the 10th to 12th centuries and consists of a bottom tunnel and a sloping shaft. As a monument, the tunnel is a station on the Ramsbeck mining trail .

Name, legend and history

The tunnel bears its name after the Venetians , mystified by legends, i.e. miners and ore prospectors who are said to have appeared all over Europe for the medieval glass production in Venice. Legend has it that Venetian men searched for gold and silver at a tunnel height of 50 to 60 centimeters on the Bastenberg . The assertion made in 1936 by the geologist Heinrich Quiring that the tunnel had already been excavated in the Bronze Age and was thus the oldest mine north of the Alps has been refuted by recent research. After an investigation by the Bochum mining museum using the radiocarbon method, the period from 977 to 1181 could be identified as the beginning of mining on the Venetian tunnel. Traces of processing in the bedrock in the front section, the so-called dwarf tunnel , indicated the use of wedge hicks and pointed chisels. Mallets and irons were then used in the further advance .

geology

Look into the tunnel

The Venetian tunnel on the Bastenberg belongs to the Ramsbeck main passage , an ore deposit with lead and zinc ore deposits, which consists of an alternation of sandy slate and quartz-containing sandstone. In the course of the Variscan mountain formation , the Ramsbeck floe was created , which, thanks to favorable thermal conditions in the subsoil, enabled the magma to rise and the associated formation of the ore veins.

Dimensions

The length of the Venetian gallery is 154 meters. For the first 70 meters it is 170 cm high and 90 cm wide. The height then decreases to 130 cm and the width to 60 cm. The ridge tunnel above it has an oval cross-section and measures 85 to 90 cm in height and 50 to 55 cm in width.

Protection expulsions

The Venetian gallery is designated as a ground monument and a protected landscape component.

literature

  • Heinrich Quiring: The Bronze Age "Venetian Gallery" by Ramsbeck. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the German Empire. 1936, OCLC 610627045 , pp. 126-130.
  • Werner Paeckelmann : The geological basis of the Ramsbeck mining. In: Association of German Miners (Ed.): Glückauf. Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung for the Lower Rhine and Westphalia. No. 18, Verlag Glückauf, Essen 1937, ISSN  0340-7896 . (online PDF, p. 389ff.)

Web links

Commons : Venetian Stollen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Website of the Mine Archaeological Society: Archeology gets to the bottom of the legendary Venetian tunnel on forum.untertage.com (blog)
  2. ↑ Der Venetianerstollen ( Memento of the original from October 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Friends of the Sauerland Visitor Mine (PDF) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foerderverein-sauerlaender-besucherbergwerk.de
  3. ↑ Venetian Stollen ( Memento of the original from October 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on Bestwig.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bestwig.de
  4. ↑ History of ore mining in Ramsbeck ( memento of the original from October 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Sauerland visitor mine @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sauerlaender-besucherbergwerk.de
  5. ^ Wilfried Reinighaus, Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. Aschendorff, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-402-15161-7 , pp. 13, 209.
  6. ↑ Peter Podufal: The geology of the lead-zinc deposit Ramsbeck in the eastern Rhenish slate mountains. In: Michael Senger, Schieferbergbau-Heimatmuseum (Schmallenberg): Mining in the Sauerland. Westphalian Slate Mining Museum , Schmallenberg-Holthausen 1996, ISBN 3-930271-42-7 , p. 51ff.
  7. ^ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority: Landschaftsplan Bestwig , Meschede 2008, p. 103.

Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 16.4 "  N , 8 ° 23 ′ 49.2"  E