Lower Eichsfeld

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Lower Eichsfeld
surface 483.9 km²
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 1st order Low mountain range threshold
Main unit group 37 →
Weser-Leine-Bergland
Natural space 375 →
Lower Eichsfeld
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 24 '42.2 "  N , 10 ° 16' 6.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 24 '42.2 "  N , 10 ° 16' 6.4"  E
Lower Eichsfeld (Thuringia)
Lower Eichsfeld
Location Lower Eichsfeld
circle Eichsfeld , Göttingen district , the district Nordhausen
state Thuringia , Lower Saxony
Country Germany

The Lower Eichsfeld is a hilly landscape in northwest Thuringia and southern Lower Saxony ( Germany ). It extends over the districts of Eichsfeld (TH), Göttingen (NI) and, with a small proportion, Nordhausen (TH).

Geographically represents the Lower Eichsfeld a main unit of the main unit group Lower Saxon Hills is that the clearly distinct from other landscape ridges Ohmgebirge and bleicherode hills contains.

The natural space Lower Eichsfeld is not congruent with the historical landscape of the lower Eichsfeld , but is depending on demarcation with his Thuringian proportions prevalent in this or south of it. In the south of this area are the cities of Leinefelde and Heilbad Heiligenstadt .

Natural structure

The former inner-German border on the plateau near Vogelsang

According to the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , the Lower Eichsfeld is structured as follows:

The Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology uses its own, somewhat coarser structure that only exists nationwide, within which the red sandstone area of ​​the Lower Eichsfeld, as far as it is located in Thuringia, is completely part of the North Thuringian red sandstone region . The witness mountains made of shell limestone (Wessen / Steinberg / Dietzenberg and Rusteberg / Rohrberg), on the other hand, are assigned to the Werrabergland-Hörselberge unit.

The limestone -Höhenzüge Ohmgebirge and bleicherode hills are considered in two divisions , a designated contiguous single natural space. They represent rather a continuation of Upper Eichsfeld and Dün , interrupted by the actual Lower Eichsfeld , and have only been included in the local main unit, as they lack the physical size / area required for a main unit of their own.

Adjacent natural areas

The Buntsandstein - hill country of the actual Lower Eichsfeld - i.e. without the Muschelkalk mountain ranges Ohmgebirge and Bleicheröder Berge - borders in the north of the south-eastern part on Ohmgebirge and Bleicheröder Berge , in the south on the Dün and the Obere Eichsfeld (both parts of the northwestern edge of the Thuringian Basin ) , in the south-west to the Leine-Ilme-Senke , in the middle and north-west to the Göttingen-Northeimer Wald and in the north-east to the Eichsfeld basin .

Partial landscapes

The actual Lower Eichsfeld is divided into one large and two small partial landscapes:

Eichsfeld hill country in the upper Leinetal

Eichsfeld hill country

The heartland of the Lower Eichsfeld, the Eichsfeld Hügelland , is a relatively uniformly structured plateau-like red sandstone area, the southern flank of which extends from the Leine valley from (Leinefelde-) Beuren in the east via the administrative community of Leinetal and Heiligenstadt to Uder (all Eichsfeld district , Thuringia ) in the west is formed.

From here, the landscape stretches like a funnel north into the area of ​​the municipality of Gleichen in the district of Göttingen ( Lower Saxony ) to the valley of the Garte between Glasehausen and Wöllmarshausen .

At the transition from the hilly landscape to the landscape of the Eichsfeld basin ( Duderstädter basin ), the mountain range of the Zehnsberg forms a steep step formation (salt slope), which was created by leaching and subsidence of the basin. It extends from the town of Leinefelde-Worbis in the southeast to the Lower Saxony state border near Etzenborn in the northwest. Together with the northern edge of the Ohm Mountains, the ridge forms the language border between the Low German and Central German dialect in Eichsfeld .

Within the red sandstone landscape, faults from shell limestone in the form of witness mountains are embedded in the northeast-southwest direction between Weißenborn (NDS) and Uder (TH): Hopfenberg / Klei (up to 350 m), Dietzenberg (371.2 m), Steinberg (366, 0 m) and Wessen (344.3 m). In the border area to the Reinhäuser Wald there are the Rohrberg (415.4 m) and the Rusteberg (397.4 m) as individual mountains .

The Sattenhausen basin seen from the west
The Eichsfelder Kessel seen from Scharfenstein Castle

Basin of Sattenhausen

To the north of the right-hand framing of the garden valley, the Eichsfeld Basin in the Lower Saxony district of Göttingen merges into the small basin of Sattenhausen , which, in addition to the eponymous village of Sattenhausen (municipality of Gleichen ) on the western edge, also contains Falkenhagen (municipality of Landolfshausen ) in the far northwest.

Eichsfeld boiler

To the west of the two core towns of Leinefelde-Worbis , the catchment area of ​​the source course of the Leine is sealed off to the west by the mountain range Kessenberg (434.5 m), Zehnsberg (412.0 m) and Zinkspitze (431.6 m). This threshold in the west, together with the Ohm Mountains and Bleicheröder Mountains in the north and the Dün in the south, limits the Eichsfeld basin, which is almost completely in the Eichsfeld district .

The boiler is mainly drained by the upper Wipper , which leaves the landscape at the Eichsfelder gate near Sollstedt ( Nordhausen district ) to the east. On the Wipper and its tributaries there is also Niederorschel with its districts, which take up more than half of the area of ​​the natural area.

Geologically interesting is a poorly developed Muschelkalk ridge in the southern part of the Ohmgebirgs graben zone , which runs in the west of the unit from Eulenberg (388 m) directly through Leinefelde, Breitenbach , Klien (408.9 m) and Worbis to Hardt (415 m) , 1 m) moves north-northeast on the southern edge of the Ohm Mountains and occupies a section of the Elbe-Weser watershed (or Leine / Unstrut).

Both thresholds mentioned are witnesses of the Eichsfeld threshold , which once stretched from the Thuringian Forest to the Harz Mountains .

mountains

The most important mountains and elevations in the Lower Eichsfeld (excluding Ohm Mountains and Bleicheröder Mountains) are divided according to their height:

  • Basin of Sattenhausen (all district of Göttingen):
    • Rote Uferberg (approx. 360 m), west of Etzenborn
    • nameless (293.7 m), west of Nesselröden (Hainholz)
    • Sonnenberg (278 m), west of Seulingen
  • Eichsfeld hill country :
    • Kessenberg (434.5 m), Eichsfeld district, northwest of Leinefelde (Zehnsberg)
    • Zinkspitze (431.4 m), Eichsfeld district, east of Hundeshagen (Zehnsberg)
    • Rohrberg (415.4 m), Eichsfeld district, west of Rohrberg (naturally also to the Göttingen-Northeimer Wald)
    • Zehnsberg (412.0 m), Eichsfeld district, south of Hundeshagen (Zehnsberg)
    • Roter Berg (406.9 m), Eichsfeld district, south of Berlingerode (Zehnsberg)
    • Rusteberg (397.4 m), Eichsfeld district, north of Marth
    • Rumsberg (384.4 m), Eichsfeld district, south of Streitholz
    • Beberberg (373.4 m), Eichsfeld district, northeast of Mengelrode
    • Mausberg (333 m), Göttingen district, west of Weißenborn
    • Großer Sieberg (approx. 320 m), Göttingen district, east of Ischenrode
  • Part of the Elbe-Weser watershed: (all districts of Eichsfeld)
  • Eichsfeld boiler :
    • Sommerberg (379.0 m), Eichsfeld district, north of Breitenholz
    • Herrenberg (373.0 m), border area of ​​the districts of Eichsfeld and Nordhausen, south of Bernterode
    • Höllberg (350.3 m), border area of ​​the districts of Eichsfeld and Nordhausen, north of Bernterode (with the Höllberg tunnel )

Flowing waters

The Elbe-Weser watershed runs along the Worbis trench through the middle of the Lower Eichsfeld. Here is the headwaters of some rivers and streams, such as the Garte , Hahle and Leine , as well as their numerous tributaries. Eastward flowing through Wippermann from Ohmgebirge coming to Eichsfelder Kessel.

traffic

The Lower Eichsfeld has been used as a trade route for centuries, especially in an east-west direction. Today the former federal highway 80 (from North Hesse to Halle (Saale)), the federal highway 38 ( Göttingen - Leipzig ) and the railway line Halle - Kassel run here . The B 247 and the railway line from Göttingen to Erfurt cross the region in a north-south direction .

On a plateau north of Heiligenstadt there is a glider airfield with approval for private aircraft.

Attractions

Sights in the varied landscape include:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Various authors: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units in single sheets 1: 200,000 - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963-1969 → online maps ;
    • Sheet 99: Göttingen (Jürgen Hövermann 1963)
    • Sheet 112: Kassel (H.-J. Klink 1969)
  2. ^ E. Meynen and J. Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953-1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960)
  3. ↑ a b The text refers to the witness mountains (made from shell limestone) without specifying them
  4. ↑ The Eichsfelder Kessel is not shown or drawn in on sheet 112 Kassel , but would have only taken up marginal areas of it, while the main part would have been on sheet 113 in Sondershausen , whose non-appearance had already been decided in 1969.
  5. ^ Walter Hiekel, Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert and Werner Westhus: The natural spaces of Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), Thuringian Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Environment . 2004, ISSN  0863-2448 . → Natural area map of Thuringia (TLUG) - PDF; 260 kB → Maps by district (TLUG)

  6. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969, page 85
  7. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )

Web links

Commons : Unteres Eichsfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files