Wanfried
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Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ N , 10 ° 10 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Hesse | |
| Administrative region : | kassel | |
| County : | Werra-Meißner district | |
| Height : | 190 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 46.9 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4174 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 89 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 37281 | |
| Primaries : | 05655, 05651 | |
| License plate : | ESW, WIZ | |
| Community key : | 06 6 36 013 | |
| LOCODE : | DE WFQ | |
| City structure: | 4 districts | |
City administration address : |
Marktstrasse 18 37281 Wanfried |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Wilhelm Gebhard ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Wanfried in the Werra-Meißner district | ||
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Wanfried [ ˈvanfʁiːt ] is a country town in the Werra-Meißner district in Hesse . It is known for its historic town center with many preserved, listed half-timbered houses.
geography
The city is located in the east of the Werra-Meißner district in North Hesse, right on the border with Thuringia . It is located in the Werra valley northeast of the Schlierbachswald ; north-east of Wanfried, across the border, is the Thuringian Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal Nature Park .
The central Hessian town of Eschwege is about 11 km downstream in the west. Other cities nearby are Mühlhausen / Thuringia about 25 km to the east and Eisenach about 28 km to the south-east.
Wanfried is the easternmost city in Hesse. It is located in the Frau-Holle-Land Geo-Nature Park .
Now that the inner-German border has disappeared, Wanfried is in the center of Germany .
Neighboring communities
| Frieda | Döringsdorf | Hildebrandshausen |
| Eschwege |
.svg)
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Katharinenberg |
| Weissenborn | Big boy | Hit |
Wanfried borders in the north on the municipality of Geismar , district Döringsdorf ( district Eichsfeld , Thuringia), in the east on the municipality Südeichsfeld in the Unstrut-Hainich district in Thuringia, in the southeast and south on the town of Treffurt (in the Thuringian Wartburg district ), and in the west to the city of Eschwege and the community of Meinhard , Frieda district (both in the Werra-Meißner district).
City structure
The city consists of the following districts: the core town of Wanfried, Altenburschla , Aue , Heldra with the Großburschla train station and Völkershausen with the Marienhof estate .
history
Wanfried is an ancient settlement. When St. Boniface came to this area, it already existed. There have been Christians there too. He built the first churches, he also built a church and a monastery on the Hülfensberg. Looking from the Hülfensberg , St. Boniface is said to have said, according to a legend: “When will peace finally float over this beautiful meadow”. In terms of folk etymology , the place names Wanfried, Frieda, Schwebda, Aue were explained.
As a place in the border area, Wanfried, which was already mentioned before 813 under the name “In wanen In Riden” and also as “Uuanenreodum”, was often a deposit and pledge object of the Hessian and Thuringian landgraves, whose areas of interest collided here. The place mentioned in 1035 as Wenefridun was ceded to Thuringia after the Battle of Wettin (1264). In order to expand his young Hessian landgraviate, Heinrich I bought the places Wanfried and Frieda and some Eichsfeld villages from the Thuringian landgrave in 1306 . A few years later, with an attack by Hermann II von Treffurt, the armed conflicts over Wanfried's possession began. Hermann was able to take the place in one stroke, but not fix himself there, because Hermann's Burg Normannstein was taken by a coalition of Hessian, Electoral Mainz and Saxon troops as early as 1336 . After the property had been distributed among the victors, the Hessian Landgrave Otto I tried to tie the new, isolated properties to his territory by means of a land bridge. For this purpose he acquired in 1365 from the neighboring lords of Völkershausen their court with the villages of Völkershausen, Altenburschla, Heldra, Helderbach, Rambach and Weißenborn. Since then, in addition to Wanfried itself, the district of Zent Wanfried has included the six villages of the neighboring Völkershausen court and the Eichsfeld town of Döringsdorf . Before Wanfried finally passed to the Hessian landgraves, there were renewed conflicts with neighboring Thuringia in the course of the Star Wars at the end of the 14th century.
Wanfried was elevated to the status of town on August 30, 1608 by the privilege of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen and received market justice.
In 1616 the city of Wanfried was named in the "Directory of the most important cities in Europe" as an important trading center. As the starting point of the Werra shipping, the river system of which had been secured by locks in Eschwege and Allendorf , the town grew into a trading center where goods of all kinds were handled. After the unloaded goods had passed the “Auf der Schlagd” customs office, they were shipped to the city's warehouses and later transported further by land. The wagoners brought the goods, mostly coming from the coastal cities, mainly to Thuringia and Bavaria; The trading centers in Leipzig and Nuremberg were important contact points.
During the Thirty Years War , the city was sacked and burned on June 25, 1626 by Tilly's troops . From 1627 Wanfried belonged to the rulership of the Rotenburger Quart and from 1667 was the residence of the Catholic branch line Hessen-Wanfried of the Hessen-Kassel Landgraves. In 1667, Landgrave Karl moved into the castle there as the founder of the line. The sons of Karl, Wilhelm and Christian , ruled there until the line was extinguished in 1755. According to the house contract, the Landgraviate of Hessen-Wanfried reverted to Hessen-Rotenburg . In 1834 Hessen-Rotenburg also fell back to the main Hessen-Kassel line .
The city began building a city wall in 1665 , which replaced the previous defensive structure consisting of an earth wall with a wooden palisade .
The former importance of Wanfried as a transhipment point is proven by a trade balance from the turn of the 17th to the 18th century. At that time the ship export amounted to approx. 80,000 quintals, the discharge was measured at 132,000 quintals per year. Coffee, sugar, oil, spices, tobacco, woolen goods, wine, honey and fish were the preferred commodities. During this time the splendid trading houses on Marktstrasse, stately townhouses and inns, hostels, a stock exchange and a brewery were built.
On April 18, 1813, Wanfried was liberated from the French occupiers by Friedrich von Hellwig during the Wars of Liberation .
In the second half of the 19th century, the importance of Werra shipping declined more and more, as goods transport shifted to the rail. Wanfried was connected to the Werra Valley Railway in 1902 .
A curious story about Wanfried comes from Cosima Wagner's diary entry from May 4, 1874. From this, as well as from the commentary of the editors of the volume, it is clear that the name of the new house of the Wagner family in Bayreuth , the so-called House Wahnfried , comes from the place Wanfried goes back:
“... in Hesse there would be a place Wahnfried, it had touched him (meaning her husband, Richard Wagner ) so mystically, this combination of the two words, and like the poem by Goethe, what was only spoken to the wise, would only the sensible suspect what we mean by that. "
In the 19th century, the wealth of the trading town of Wanfried withered. The walls and towers were razed and the old town hall torn down. The splendid half-timbered houses in the city center, which form an almost undisturbed ensemble, have outlived the city's former glory.
The population has been predominantly Protestant since the Reformation . The small Catholic parish (founded in 1908 as an Kuratiegemeinde) grew rapidly due to refugees after the Second World War.
In 1945, the Wanfried Agreement , an exchange of territory between the US and Soviet occupation zones along the so-called “ whiskey-vodka line ”, was concluded at the “Kalkhof” manor in Wanfried .
The small border town appeared under the pseudonym "Friedheim" in the films " Der Willi-Busch-Report " and " Deutschfieber " by director Niklaus Schilling , which were produced in 1979 and in the year after reunification . Wanfried or "Friedheim" stood for an extremely quiet and news-poor place, in which the local editor of a local newspaper wanted to bring life to life through events he had secretly initiated on the border, about which he could then report in his journal.
In 2008 the city of Wanfried celebrated the anniversary “400 years of city rights” and in 2013 the 1200 year old first mention.
After the vacancy rate in the old town of Wanfried increased, the local initiative “Citizens' Group for the Preservation of Wanfried Houses”, founded in 2006, is increasingly committed to preservation and recruited new property owners and the like a. from metropolitan areas and the Netherlands . The vacancy rate has since been reduced significantly, many old buildings and listed half-timbered houses have been renovated and the influx of people into the community has increased.
Incorporations
On October 1, 1971, the previously independent community of Völkershausen was incorporated. Aue was added on December 31, 1971. Altenburschla and Heldra followed on April 1, 1972.
Population development
Swell:
- Historical municipality register for Hesse: 1. The population of the municipalities 1834–1967. Wiesbaden: Hessian State Statistical Office, 1968.
- "Wanfried, Werra-Meißner-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Population in Hesse (Atlas from the State Statistical Office of Hesse)
- Hessian State Statistical Office: Statistical Reports - The Population of the Hessian Communities
politics
City Council
The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:
| Parties and constituencies |
% 2016 |
Seats 2016 |
% 2011 |
Seats 2011 |
% 2006 |
Seats 2006 |
% 2001 |
Seats 2001 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 55.0 | 10 | 53.0 | 12 | 44.7 | 10 | 40.8 | 9 | |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 40.1 | 8th | 43.0 | 10 | 50.0 | 12 | 59.2 | 14th | |
| FDP | Free Democratic Party | 4.9 | 1 | 4.0 | 1 | 5.3 | 1 | - | - | |
| total | 100.0 | 19th | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | 100.0 | 23 | ||
| Voter turnout in% | 61.6 | 66.7 | 65.5 | 66.4 | ||||||
mayor
Wilhelm Gebhard (CDU) has been mayor since October 2007. He prevailed with 51.7% against his predecessor Otto Frank (SPD), who had been in office since 1989. In the re-election in May 2013, Gebhard was the only candidate. He was confirmed in office with 92.52%.
The 2019 mayoral election was held together with the 2019 European elections as a joint election on May 26, 2019. Applicants for the 2019 mayoral election were the previous incumbent Wilhelm Gebhard (CDU) and the non-party Matthias Philipp, whose candidacy was supported by the SPD. Gebhard received 82.68% and Philip 17.32% of the valid votes. Wilhelm Gebhard was elected mayor of the city of Wanfried for the third time. The term of office is six years.
The next mayoral election is expected to take place in 2025.
coat of arms
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Blazon : “In silver (white) a red field in the heart area of the shield; in front of it the left-handed bust of a silver (white) armored knight with a shouldered silver (white) sword. " |
| Foundation of the coat of arms: The oldest known seal from 1578 already showed a knight. It could be a Roland figure , which was included in the coat of arms as a sign of the place of justice. However, a local coat of arms is also conceivable, according to which the knight stands as a keeper of peace (Wahr'n Fried) in the constantly contested town near the border. |
banner
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Banner: "The banner is blue and white striped lengthways with the coat of arms in the middle." |
Town twinning
City partnerships exist with Plouescat in the Finistère department in France and with Schörfling in Austria. The Altenburschla district is related to Villeneuve-les-Sablons in the Oise department in France.
Culture and sights
Museums
- Wanfrieder Heimatmuseum and documentation center on German post-war history, until the end of 2019 in Keudell Castle
- Local history museum in the Heldra district
Keudell Castle
Mill, Heldra local history museum
Buildings
- Neo-Gothic Protestant town church (1884–1888) with rich original painting and furnishings (architect Hermann Rüppel 1845–1900)
- neo-Gothic Catholic town church (1907–1908)
- Landgrave Castle (16th century)
- Schlagd , old Werrahafen with half-timbered warehouses
- Wanfried station: opening in 1902, cessation of passenger traffic in 1981, freight traffic in 1996
- Post Office (1906-1998)
- Gut Kalkhof - on September 17, 1945, the Wanfried Agreement was negotiated here
Landgrave castle 16th century
Schlagd Werrahafen
Wanfried station 1902–1996
Post office 1906–1998
Gut Kalkhof
- Keudell Castle
- Town hall , built in the 17th century
- Harm's house from the shipping era
- Hotel "Zum Schwan" , lavishly restored half-timbered house from 1690
- Alte Post, former Thurn and Taxisches Posthaus, built in 1751
- Plesseturm, built in 1964
- "Chapel of Unity" and Eichsfeld Cross , built directly on the former inner-German border near Döringsdorf
Cultural monuments
In Wanfried and districts there are 5 total facilities and 149 cultural monuments.
Natural monuments
- Plesse (Wanfried) ( 479.6 m above sea level ), mountain with a 60 m high rock face made of light limestone and Plesseturm , near Wanfried
- Elfengrund (Wanfried) nature reserve with waterfall near Wanfried
- Heldrastein ( 503.8 m above sea level ; "King of the Werra Valley"), mountain with 62 m high and 2 km wide rock face and tower of the unit , near Treffurt
- Hülfensberg ( 448.2 m above sea level ), wooded mountain and place of pilgrimage near Geismar
Sports
- Schützenverein Wanfried 1568 e. V.
- Schützenverein Aue 1927 e. V.
- VfL Wanfried e. V.
- Fishing club Wanfried e. V.
- Riding club Wanfried e. V.
Leisure and Tourism
- Werratal cycle path
- Swimming pool (outdoor pool)
- Football field
- Premium hiking trail P 5 Plesse, P 6 Heldrastein and P 12 Mainz heads
- Plesse observation tower ( Plesseturm )
- Heldrastein observation tower
- Plesse barbecue area
Regular events
- Wanfrieder bird shooting, folk, rifle and local festival every year on the second weekend in July, while kicking since 1948 Brombeermann on
- Christmas market on the 2nd Saturday in December
- Straw bear festival in Heldra (on Ash Wednesday)
- Jazz matinee; Kalkhof in early summer
- Wanfrieder reading; in summer
- Wine festival; annually on the 3rd Saturday in September
Trivia
The shooting of the feature film " The Willi Busch Report " from 1979 took place mainly in Wanfried.
Economy and Infrastructure
The Israel & Avenarius printing company was founded in Wanfried on April 11, 1861 . Peter Israel introduced book printing in 1872, but the focus of production has remained on the printing and finishing of packaging materials, initially bags and pouches. In 1938 the company was converted into an OHG and changed the name to Wanfried-Druck Arthur and Wilhelm Kalden OHG . After the war, the manufacture and printing of packaging boxes and labels became the main business area.
On February 28, 1889, the Wanfrieder Schmiergelwerk Gottlob Gries KG was founded on the eastern edge of the city . The plant produced the ELEFANT emery paper, which is protected by numerous patents, for large customers in the wood and metal processing industry.
traffic
The federal highways B 249 and B 250 run through Wanfried on Deutsche Fachwerkstraße .
Wanfried was on the Leipzig - Kassel post office route established in 1700 as part of the Moscow - Amsterdam long-distance post line . After the importance of the Werra shipping decreased more and more in the second half of the 19th century and the transport of goods increasingly shifted to the railways, Wanfried was connected to the railway network in 1902. The Schwebda – Wartha railway, which went into operation in 1902 , connected Wanfried with Eschwege in the west and Treffurt , Creuzburg and Eisenach in the south. On July 3, 1945, traffic between Heldra and Treffurt was stopped due to the demarcation of the border . On the route Schwebda -Wanfried passenger services were terminated on May 31, 1981, freight transport by Wanfried ended on October 1, 1994, barely used continuation after Großburschla was already set on May 23, the 1,993th The tracks in and around Wanfried were dismantled by 1998; between Wanfried and Altenburschla the route is now used as a cycle path.
In the section of water around Wanfried, the Werra is still classified as another federal inland waterway .
education
The city has a primary school (Gerhart-Hauptmann-Schule) and an integrated comprehensive school (Elisabeth-Selbert-Schule), which has been a branch of the Eschweger Anne Frank School since the 2006/07 school year .
sons and daughters of the town
- Hermann Dahlmann (1892–1978), Lieutenant General in the Air Force
- Gundolf Gries (* 1943), German politician (CDU)
- Friedrich Hahn (1784–1858), lawyer from the Electorate of Hesse
- Charlotte Amalie von Hessen-Wanfried (1679–1722), Princess of Transylvania
- Christian von Hessen-Wanfried (1689–1755), Landgrave of Hessen-Wanfried and of Hessen-Rheinfels
- Karl Philipp Franz zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (1702–1763), imperial prince
- Maria Caroline Charlotte von Ingenheim (1704–1749), baroness and favorite of the later Elector Karl Albrecht of Bavaria
- Petrus Paganus (1532–1576), German neo-Latin poet, humanist and wine drinker
- Wilhelm Rexrodt (1895–1969), German politician (DDP, LDP)
- Abraham Stein (1818–1884), German rabbi
- Georg Gottlob Ungewitter (1820–1864), German architect and builder
- Erika Wagner (1933–2011), Hessian politician (SPD) and member of the Hessian state parliament
literature
- Wanfried . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 16, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 382.
- Reinhold Strauss: Chronicle of the city of Wanfried . Carl Braun, Wanfried 1908 ( archive.org [accessed May 5, 2015]).
- Wilhelm Dilich: Hessische Chronica . 1608, p. 135-136 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10804499-4 .
Web links
- Official homepage of the city of Wanfried
- "Wanfried, Werra-Meißner-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature on Wanfried in the Hessian Bibliography
- Illustration by Daniel Meisner from 1624: Wanfridt. Fugiens Fumum Indicit In Ignem ( digitized version )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ "Wanfried, Werra-Meißner district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of January 26, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ The "Guide through the Werratal and the adjacent areas, Eschwege 2nd edition 1930, p. 177 as the publication date of this directory 1550 on.
- ↑ William Pippart: The raid of Wanfried on 18 April 1813 . In: Hessenland . 27th year, no. 1 . Friedrich Scheel, Kassel 1913 ( uni-kassel.de ).
- ^ Cosima Wagner: The diaries. Edited and commented by Martin Gregor-Dellin and Dietrich Mack . Volume 2. Piper, Munich / Zurich 1982, pp. 814f. (Entry from May 4, 1874). Also commentary in ed. P. 1206
- ↑ Fight against vacancies: How Wanfried wins over Dutch people and city dwellers , Hessenschau .de, November 19, 2016
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 388 and 389 .
- ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal election on March 18, 2001
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 26, 2006
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 27, 2011
- ↑ Magistrate of the city of Wanfried: Official announcement of June 4th, 2019 Announcement of the final election result and the name of the elected candidate for the election of the mayor of the city of Wanfried on May 26th, 2019. Magistrate of the city of Wanfried, June 5th, 2019, accessed on May 6th , 2019 . June 2019 .
- ↑ Banner of the city of Wanfried at the town hall
- ^ Peer Zietz: Cultural monuments in Hessen. Werra-Meissner I . Altkreis Eschwege - 1991. In: State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse (Hrsg.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-528-06240-1 .
- ^ Wanfried-Druck-Kalden. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 20, 2009 ; accessed on January 31, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Wanfrieder lubrication works Gottlob Gries KG (ed.): 100 years of Wanfrieder lubrication works. Festschrift, Wanfried 1989, 18 pp.
- ^ Directory of other federal inland waterways, published in Directory E, serial no. 62 and directory F der Chronik ( Memento from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
Bad Sooden-Allendorf | Berkatal | Eschwege | Großalmerode | Herleshausen | Hessisch Lichtenau | Meinhard | Meissner | Neu-Eichenberg | Ringgau | Sontra | Waldkappel | Wanfried | Wehretal | Weißenborn | Witzenhausen
Community-free area in the Werra-Meißner
district of the Kaufunger Wald estate