Großalmerode

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Großalmerode
Großalmerode
Map of Germany, position of the city Großalmerode highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 15 '  N , 9 ° 47'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : kassel
County : Werra-Meißner district
Height : 354 m above sea level NHN
Area : 37.62 km 2
Residents: 6408 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 170 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 37247
Area code : 05604
License plate : ESW, WIZ
Community key : 06 6 36 004
LOCODE : DE GSM
City structure: 7 districts

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 11
37247 Großalmerode
Website : www.grossalmerode.de
Mayor : Finn Thomsen (non-party)
Location of the town of Großalmerode in the Werra-Meißner district
Werra-Meißner-Kreis Hessen Sontra Waldkappel Hessisch Lichtenau Gutsbezirk Kaufunger Wald Großalmerode Berkatal Meißner Neu-Eichenberg Witzenhausen Herleshausen Ringgau Wehretal Weißenborn Eschwege Wanfried Meinhard Bad Sooden-Allendorf Niedersachsen Thüringen Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg Schwalm-Eder-Kreis Landkreis Kasselmap
About this picture

Großalmerode is a town in the Werra-Meißner district in northern Hesse .

geography

location

Großalmerode is located in the Geo-Natural Park Mother Hulda country (Werratal.Meißner.Kaufunger Forest) . It is located between the mountains Hirschberg ( 643.4  m ) in the southwest, Steinberg ( 588.75  m ) and Bilstein ( 641.2  m ; both in the north), Langenberg ( 565  m ) in the northeast, Hohekopf ( 539.4  m ; with Querenberg ) in the southeast and the mountain range Hohen Meißner ( 753.6  m ) on the other side . The upper course of the Gelster flows through it . The next big city is Kassel, 21 km west-northwest .

Neighboring communities

Community structure

In addition to the core city, the city of Großalmerode also includes the districts of Weißenbach , Trubenhausen , Uengsterode , Rommerode , Laudenbach and Epterode , as well as the municipal areas of Bransrode , Faulbach and the Giesenhagen estate .

history

View of Großalmerode towards NW

First mention, historical forms of name

In 1386 Almerodde is mentioned in a document, this is the earliest documented mention of the place. From 1516, another settlement in the eastern Kaufunger Forest with the place name Kleinalmerode is known, which is why the spelling Großalmerode is now in use. The small settlement Gut Niedergut is also known as Niederalmerode .

In historical documents, the place is documented under changing place names over the centuries :

  • Almerodde (1386)
  • Almerade (1446)
  • Almeraide (1471)
  • Almeraede, to (1473)
  • Almanrode (1537)
  • Almenraid (1558)
  • Almerode, to (1558)
  • Great Almerode (1558)
  • Almenrod (1558)
  • Almnrodt (around 1570)
  • Glaß-Großalmerode (1572/1589)
  • Almerodt (1575/1585)
  • Grossen Almerodt (1575/1585)
  • Great Almeroda (1575/1585)
  • Gross Allmerode (1747)
  • Almerode (1747)

The brick, pottery and glassmaker village

The place owes its origin to the high quality clay deposits in its region . Archaeological finds in Großalmerode and Epterode show that melting pots were made here as early as 1200, probably since the beginnings of local pottery in the 12th century. The mining of glass harbor clay , and thus indirectly also the production of technical ceramics , is documented from 1503. Crucible makers are first mentioned around 1600. Before this time, especially from the middle of the 15th to the beginning of the 16th century, the production of glass in forest glassworks in the Kaufunger Forest (on the Hirschberg, Schwarzenberg, Langenberg, Steinberg, Querenberg), on the Fahrenbach and in the Nieste Valley was the most important source of income of the village that has belonged to the Kassel-Neustadt district since 1446 . After the dissolution of the glassmakers guild "Spessart Bund" in 1525 joined the glassmakers in 1537 for Hessian Gläsnerbund together, they chose the same time "Almanrode" as its seat.

The lack of wood and the emergence of newer technologies in other glassmaking regions led to the decline of the North Hessian glassworks at the end of the 16th century, combined with the search for alternatives. The choice fell on the clay deposits around Großalmerode in a wide variety of varieties . They are divided into high-quality varieties:

Inferior clay was used for clay pipes , roof tiles and bricks, and tailor's chalk. The clay was also the raw material for the extraction of mineral salts , lyes and ultramarine colors as well as soda . Lucrative export goods were also alum and lignite . The extraction of alum ores on the Hirschberg is documented from 1573, in the immediate vicinity the extraction of lignite in opencast mining began later .

The first church was built at the beginning of the 16th century as a late Gothic church, of which the tower and the choir have been preserved. In the current surrounding wall there are obviously other components of the first nave. A pastor is mentioned in 1539. In the 16th century Wickenrode and Epterode were branch churches of Großalmerode.

Urban development

Landgrave Friedrich II granted the place city ​​rights in 1775 , which was associated with a privilege to hold four annual markets and an independent position in the Kassel-Neustadt office , which was “to reward the hard work of its residents”. In 1807 it belonged to the canton of Kaufungen for a limited period of time and ended in 1813. In 1817 the town had its own Großalmerode office until 1821 , which also included the Rückerode bailiwick and some villages. In 1832 the city received its own court with the Großalmerode judicial office, which became the Großalmerode district court (this was repealed in 1945). Administratively, the city belonged to the Witzenhausen district from 1821 and to the Werra-Meißner district from 1974 . The time of ceramic production ends in Großalmerode as early as 1926. Alum production ended in the first half of the 19th century and lignite mining in 2002. Großalmerode was a state-approved resort until 2011 . The districts of Trubenhausen and Weißenbach still have this rating. Clay is still mined and processed in small quantities, the niche production of refractory ceramic materials continues, and tailors' chalk is still produced in Epterode .

Incorporations

In the course of administrative reform in Hesse was until then independent municipality Epterode on a voluntary basis on December 31, 1970 incorporated . Weissenbach was added on December 31, 1971. Laudenbach, Rommerode, Trubenhausen and Uengsterode followed on January 1, 1974 by virtue of state law.

Outsourcing

On January 1, 1974, an area with then around 100 inhabitants was assigned to the neighboring town of Hessisch Lichtenau.

religion

Revival movement

In 1892/93, the awakening movement emanating from Kassel and Großalmerode led by Pastor Karl Holzapfel in 1907 to meetings of the Christian community movement with ecstatic manifestations and speaking in tongues . The disapproval of this enthusiasm led in 1909 to a break between the community movement and the Pentecostal movement ( Berlin Declaration ).

Christian student association

In 1895 the Christian Student Union (CSV) was founded in Großalmerode under the direction of Count Eduard Pückler .

Pastor and writer Erich Schnepel

The pastor and writer Erich Schnepel (* 1893, † 1986) worked in Großalmerode from autumn 1945 until his early retirement in early February 1956 for health reasons. However, he continued to live and volunteer there until he moved to his son, Pastor Theo Schnepel, and his family in Wehrda near Marburg in 1964 . Erich Schnepel became known, among other things, as deputy chairman of the Berlin city mission and board member before and after the Second World War and as the author of letters from the east of Berlin and from Grossalmerode: From the wrestling of the community of Jesus Christ in the present On March 1, 1952, Schnepel was able to work with Großalmeröder Church parishioners broke ground for the "Evangelical Home" - a meeting place for guests from all over the world - where he had pastors from the GDR to visit until the end of the East German travel permits to West Germany in 1958 . From the "home" Schnepel directed his work in the Pastor's Prayer Brotherhood / Pastor's Prayer Association (PGB).

politics

City Council

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council
   
A total of 31 seats
Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 42.1 13 56.0 18th 60.2 19th 62.6 19th
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 16.1 5 23.5 7th 25.5 8th 28.7 9
Flat share Großalmerode voter community 41.8 13 20.5 6th 14.3 4th 8.6 3
total 100.0 31 100.0 31 100.0 31 100.0 31
Voter turnout in% 51.2 49.9 48.9 53.5

mayor

The mayor of Großalmerode has been Finn Thomsen (independent) since 2018.

In the mayoral election on September 24, 2017, Thomsen prevailed with 72.9% of the votes against Michael Gossmann (SPD; 22.4%) and Mathias Böttcher (independent; 4.7%).

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows three melting pots with adjacent clay balls, so-called "Üllern".

Town twinning

Culture and sights

tourism

Großalmerode is located on the German Fairy Tale Route , which leads from Hanau via Großalmerode to Bremen.

Buildings

  • The Protestant parish church is architecturally a mixture of neo-baroque, neo-Gothic and later style elements. The nave was added to a late Gothic church tower with a choir in 1913/16. The oldest inscription "1497" in the vaulted ceiling above the sacristy, still built into the churchyard wall around 1775. Stone pulpit inscription "1514". Church branches around 1570 and still in 1872 Epterode and Wickenrode, from 1925 only Epterode.
  • The glass and ceramic museum is located in a magnificent three-story half-timbered house (Kleiner Kirchrein 3).
  • The listed half-timbered houses that characterize the townscape are located on Berliner Straße.
  • The Bilstein Tower on the Bilstein serves as a hiking destination and is a lookout tower. It can be easily reached via the premium path P14 Bilstein.

Sports

From a sporting point of view, Großalmerode is known for the 58 km long mountain bike route that runs right through the Kaufungen Forest. Every year the so-called "Bilstein Bike Marathon" takes place on this route with small differences. The tennis facility of the TC Großalmerode is located on the Schwarzenberg with four tennis courts.

In addition, the gymnastics community 1863 Großalmerode e. V. as well as the FC Großalmerode 1920 active.

traffic

Former Großalmerode Ost train station

The federal highway 451 runs through the city center, which joins the federal highway 7 near Helsa and the federal highway 27 near Witzenhausen .

The earlier railway connections from Großalmerode East to Eichenberg and Großalmerode West to Walburg no longer exist.

Literary mention of glass production

“ Glass was made in Italy up to 1300 , then in Bohemia , then in a very raw form in the Spessart , until the beginning of the 15th century farmers from Großalmerode built up what was, for the time, a huge glass industry here in the Kaufunger Wald , because everything was found here Gläsner needs [...] "

- From: Jürgen von der Wense: Epidot . Matthes & Seitz, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-88221-363-9 (Ed.) Dieter Heim pp. 142-143

Personalities

  • Matthäus Gundelach (1566–1653) was a painter. Born around 1566 in Großalmerode as the son of the Gläsner guild master Frantz Gundelach (called the younger Becker) and Margaretha Lippert , he later became a chamber painter for Emperor Rudolf II in Prague from 1609 to 1615, with one Hans Markert, one later Rudolf's valet ennobled as Markert by Lindau. Then he worked as a painter in Augsburg .
  • Frantz Gundelach (* 1663), court glass cutter of Landgrave Karl, according to Gustav Pazaurek: the most important German glass cutter of his time.
  • Johannes Becker (1726–1804) was a musician. Johannes Becker was born in the Epterode district on September 1, 1726, the son of the schoolmaster Johannes Becker and Dorothea Elisabetha Fülgrabe . He was a teacher in Harmuthsachsen , Kassel-Bettenhausen , at the Kassel City School, was also the city organist in the Martins and Altstädter Church, princely page, typist and arithmetic master, also at the Collegio Carolino, organist at the "Freyheiter" and "Altstädter" Community ”, organ auditor (1796 appraisal of the“ very bad organ ”in Großalmerode), court organist , court conductor , music director, piano teacher of the princesses Friederike and Caroline von Hessen-Kassel, author of the chorale book for the improved hymnbook introduced in the Hessen-Kasselischen Lands, at the same time Textbook for the training of organists and cantors in Niederhessen.
  • Georg Wilhelm Wilhelmy (1748–1806) was born the son of a miller in 1748 in Weißbach. He was based in Stade as an organ builder from 1781 to 1806 and worked in the duchies of Bremen and Oldenburg.
  • Wilhelm Grimm (1786-1859), see Brothers Grimm , was confirmed on April 13, 1800 in Großalmerode.
  • Wilhelm Speck (1861–1925), was a Protestant pastor, poet, writer and honorary citizen of the city of Großalmerode, which named Wilhelm-Speck-Platz after him .
  • Heinrich Pforr (1880–1970) was a local painter . The son of a miner, who was born in Laudenbach on October 26, 1880, began training as a pattern draftsman for the textile industry in 1897. He completed his artistic training from 1899 at the Karlsruhe Art Academy , where he completed his training in 1909 after completing the master class. After his marriage, Pforr moved to Hannoversch Münden in 1924 . In many of Pforr's pictures, especially in the summer landscapes, there are clear echoes of the French Impressionists , and his pasty application of paint on some portraits is reminiscent of works by Max Liebermann . Heinrich Pforr died on September 17, 1970 in Hannoversch Münden. The Großalmerode local history museum owns a selection of his pictures. In Laudenbach, a street was named in honor of the artist in which his former home is located.
  • Klaus Zaczyk (* 1945), soccer player, trained FC Großalmerode

literature

  • Georg Landau: History of the glassworks in Hessen . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 3 , 1843, p. 280 ff .
  • Georg Wilhelm Sante (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 4: Hessen (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 274). Unchanged reprint of the 3rd edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-520-27403-5 , p. 183.
  • Karl Krück: Großalmerode. From the guild of forest glasses to the city of clay and coal . In: Historical Society of the Werraland (ed.): Land to Werra and Meißner. A home book . W. Bing, Korbach 1983, p. 277-283 .
  • Klaus Sippel: Early modern glassworks in the Kaufunger Forest . In: Hessian State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. for Prehistory and Early History (ed.): Archaeological Monuments in Hessen . Issue 63.Wiesbaden 1987, p. 12 .
  • Hans-Georg Stephan : Großalmerode - A center for the production of technical ceramics, stoneware and earthenware in Hessen, Part I (The history of the ceramic industry in Großalmerode and the development of their production from the 12th to the 19th century) , Großalmerode o. J . [1986], Ill. And Photos, 279 pp.
  • Hans-Georg Stephan: Großalmerode. A European center for the manufacture of technical ceramics. The history of the ceramic industry in Großalmerode and Epterode and development of their production from the 12th to the 19th century . Part 2: Technical building ceramics, clay pipes, knickers, earthenware, porcelain, aspects of trade, early chemical industry, mining and tanning history, Großalmerode 1995
  • Barbara Glinkowska, Stefan Krabath (et al.): Großalmerode in the Werra-Meißner district, Germany . In: U źródeł Bołeslawieckiej ceramiki - From the beginnings of Bunzlau ceramics - Finds from the 15th to 17th centuries Century from a Central European pottery center - exhibition in the Silesian Museum in Görlitz, Görlitz 2012, pp. 280–281 (catalog also with ill. Großalmeroder Keramik)

Web links

Commons : Großalmerode  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Manfred Niemeyer (ed.): German book of place names . De Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7 , p. 224.
  3. ↑ Großalmerode, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hessen (as of May 22, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 11, 2014 .
  4. ↑ Gustav Brachmann: The crucible makers of Großalmerode . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , vol. 72 (1961), pp. 190–195.
  5. ↑ Andreas König, Hans-Georg Stephan: An early modern glassworks in the valley of the nest near Großalmerode . In: Hessian State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. for Prehistory and Early History (ed.): Archaeological Monuments in Hessen . Issue 64.Wiesbaden 1987, pp. 16 .
  6. ^ H. Bernert: Kaufunger forest and glass. Contributions to the history of glass production in the Kaufungen Forest . In: Parish council of the Kaufungen community (ed.): 975 years Kaufungen 1011–1986 . Kaufungen 1985, p. 131 ff .
  7. ^ Karl Krück: Großalmerode. From the guild of forest glasses to the city of clay and coal . In: Historical Society of the Werraland (ed.): Land to Werra and Meißner. A home book . W. Bing, Korbach 1983, p. 277-283 .
  8. ^ Gustav Wollenhaupt: About salt and Salzauswieger in Großalmerode from 1846–1867 . In: The Werraland . Issue 1. Eschwege 1977, p. 11-12, 19-20 .
  9. ^ Georg Landau: History of the Hessian alum mines and lignite mining in Northern Hesse . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 6 . Marburg 1854, p. 184-215 .
  10. ↑ Fritz Hotzler: From the history of the coal dismantling on Meissner . In: The Werraland . Issue 1. Eschwege 1988, p. 25-27 .
  11. ↑ Hesse . In: Hans Patze (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . tape 4 . Alfred-Kröner-Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-520-27403-5 , pp. 183 .
  12. ↑ 77th meeting of the specialist committee for health resorts, recreation places and healing wells in Hesse on November 17, 2011 . In: State pointer for the state of Hesse . No. 7 , 2012, ISSN  0724-7885 , p. 221 .
  13. ↑ Incorporation of the Epterode community into the city of Großalmerode, Witzenhausen district on January 7, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 142 , point 183 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  14. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Eschwege and Witzenhausen (GVBl. II 330-21) of September 28, 1973 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1973 No. 25 , p. 353 , § 9 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2,3 MB ]).
  15. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 409-410 .
  16. ^ Achelis: The enthusiasm in Kassel and Großalmerode in July 1907 . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . tape 45 , 1911, pp. 391 f .
  17. ↑ During the 6th Conference of the Christian Bible Conference from August 8th to 11th, 1895: Heinz-Werner Kubitza: History of the Evangelical Student Community Marburg: Volume 1 of Marburger scientific contributions In: Tectum Verlag DE, 1992, ISBN 3929019000 , ISBN 9783929019001 , p 24. Two years later, the German Christian Student Union (DCSV) emerged from the CSV .
  18. ^ Schnepel, E .: Letters from the east of Berlin and from Grossalmerode ; Verlag "Junge Gemeinde" Stuttgart (1950)
  19. ↑ Schnepel, E .: A life in the 20th century ; Vol. 1 and 2; R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal (1965, 1966), Vol. 2, p. 149
  20. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  21. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 27, 2011
  22. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 26, 2006
  23. ↑ Mayoral election in Großalmerode: Thomsen (27) becomes mayor , hna.de, September 24, 2017
  24. ^ Gisela Zimmer: Glass and Ceramic Museum Großalmerode . Ed .: History Association Großalmerode e. V. self-published, Großalmerode 1986, p. 25-26 .