Karl Philipp Franz zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prince Karl Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein

Prince Karl Philipp Franz zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (* July 12, 1702 in Wanfried , † March 1, 1763 in Wetzlar ) was a German imperial prince from the noble family Bartenstein .

origin

Karl Philipp came from the old noble family von Hohenlohe , the Catholic branch Waldenburg - Schillingsfürst . He was born the son of Count Philipp Karl zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein and his wife Princess Sophie Leopoldine of Hessen-Rheinfels-Wanfried (1681–1724), a daughter of Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Wanfried . After the death of his father in January 1729, he took over his inheritance as Count zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. On May 12, 1744, Karl Philipp was awarded the title of prince.

Life

Although his father had planned a primacy regulation for the territory in 1705 , Karl Philip's younger brothers later objected to it. The father added to his will in 1712 that if his first-born son Karl Philipp, whom he had now designated for the clergy , should assert his rights to rule, the two later sons are also admitted to inheritance.

Karl Philipp first studied law. Contrary to the original determination for the clergy, his wedding to Sophia Friderica Landgravine von Hessen-Homburg (1714–1777), a granddaughter of the Brandenburg general , the Prince of Homburg , took place in Strasbourg on May 26, 1727 . As a dowry, she, the daughter of a Countess von Limpurg-Speckfeld , brought with her rights to possessions in Oberbronn and Niederbronn in Alsace . Since her mother Christina Magdalena (1683–1746) was an heir daughter of the last Count of Limpurg, who died in 1713, her husband later also assumed the office of Gröningen through this marriage . In the first years of his reign, Karl Philipp lived with his family at Bartenstein Castle. On November 4, 1729, the county of Pfedelbach was divided between Schillingsfürst and Bartenstein. Karl Philipp received Pfedelbach as well as the offices of Mainhardt , Sindringen and Herrenzimmern. In 1737 he and his two brothers agreed that 2/3 of the country with Bartenstein Castle and Office would remain with Karl Philipp, while the Pfedelbach Castle and Office would go to the younger brother Ferdinand and, after his childless death, should initially go to Joseph.

In 1742 the emperor appointed him a secret imperial council. Karl Philipp achieved the dignity of prince as early as 1744, long before the Protestant lines of Hohenlohe were ruled. In 1745 the emperor appointed him as Reich Chamber Judge at the Reich Chamber Court in Wetzlar . His father had previously held this position. In 1754, Karl Philipp obtained confirmation from the emperor for the newly enacted primogeniture regulations in his principality.

Sophia Friderica von Hessen-Homburg around 1730 after an engraving by Nilson

Four sons emerged from her marriage to Sophia Friderica, Landgravine von Hessen-Homburg:

  • Ludwig Carl Franz Leopold zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein , from March 1, 1763 Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (born November 15, 1731 in Siegen , † June 14, 1799 in Kleinheubach), married on May 6, 1757 to Polyxena Countess of Limburg -Styrum (born October 28, 1738; † February 26, 1798)
  • Klemens Armand Philipp Ernst, 1774 to 1792 Governor of Gozo (born December 31, 1732 in Bartenstein, † 1792 Island of Gozo)
  • Joseph Christian Franz , 1795 Bishop of Breslau , Duke of Grottkau and Prince of Neisse (born November 6, 1740 in Bartenstein; † January 21, 1817 in Johannesberg / Bohemia)
  • Christian Ernst Franz Xaver (born December 11, 1742 in Bartenstein, † November 4, 1819 in Arnsberg)

Act as sovereign

Even after being raised to the rank of imperial prince, he was content in Bartenstein with the existing furnished rooms and a minimum of court and administration. Although he often had to fulfill duties as a Reich Chamberlain in Wetzlar, he began to expand the palace around 1750. At the same time, the court and administration were reinforced. Therefore, the further expansion of the residential town was necessary. This resulted in a barracks and an approx. 30 m long apartment building (the so-called long building). Like today's condominiums, the apartments were sold to newly hired high officials and officers with their families. Today's ownership structure is partly based on the division of the building at that time.

From 1760 the castle was converted into a baroque three-wing complex. Karl Philipp hired the former princely Fulda court master builder Andrea Gallasini as building director . Prince Karl Philipp did not live to see the completion of the construction work on the palace and city complex to create a baroque residence. He died on March 1, 1763 in Wetzlar. His successor was his son Ludwig Carl Franz Philipp Leopold.

Prince Karl Philipp's widow Sophie Friederike established a secondary school from the rule of Oberbronn , which belonged to her, in Alsace , and was owned by her grandson Karl Joseph (1766–1838).

Prince Karl Philipp as Reich Chamberlain

While under his father as an indirect predecessor at the Reichskammergericht (from 1722 until his death in 1729) the latter had regained its reputation , under Karl Philipp Franz as chairman the corruption that the Emperors Franz I and Joseph II. After the tenure of Bartenstein ( since 1746 until his death in 1763) tried to prevent them by means of a visitation . Bartenstein's administration was particularly inefficient, corrupt and slow. However, Emperor Franz is said to have waited for Bartenstein's death with the visitation in order to avoid a possible scandal, because they had the same Jewish court factor . Since the chamber targets were often inadequately paid, the chamber judges had to stand up for the payment of the salaries of the members of the Reich Chamber Court from their private assets. Karl Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was only able to compensate for this financial burden as a chamber judge to a limited extent from his own income. The income from the territories was largely used up for the keeping of the court and building projects in the residence. Even if his chamber judge's salary was paid to him in full and on time, there was still a sum that he had to raise himself for the salaries of the members of the Reich Chamber Court, which amounted to about a third of his income. The financial means he needed to compensate for the difference was largely provided by his court factor Nathan Aaron Wetzlar (around 1725–1784), with whom he was correspondingly highly indebted.

The protective Jew Nathan Aaron Wetzlar was a merchant (cloth merchant) and banker in Frankfurt am Main , as well as a camera agent at the Imperial Court of Justice in Wetzlar and a brother of the ennobled banker and purveyor to the imperial court, Karl Abraham Wetzlar von Plankenstern in Vienna . The corruption of the judge Hohenlohe-Bartenstein also penetrated the emperor in Vienna. It was piquant that Nathan Aaron Wetzlar was also one of Emperor Joseph II's business partners. On the other hand, a corrupt imperial representative like the chamber judge could also damage the emperor's reputation and so the imperial court seemed to have decided early on to dismiss Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, but the Seven Years' War and ultimately the judge's death prevented little time implementation of the project after the end of the war, so that he was spared a trial. After Bartenstein's death, the imperial visit to the Reich Chamber of Commerce and its investigations resulted in the conviction and impeachment of the Chamber Court assessors Christian Freiherr von Nettelbladt , Philipp Heinrich Freiherr von Reuss called Haberkorn and Johann Hermann Franz von Pape called von Papius, who had been suspended since 1769 . They had been charged with having been bribed by Nathan Aaron Wetzlar in addition to the judge Hohenlohe-Bartenstein himself. In the course of the trial, Nathan Aaron Wetzlar, who had been in custody since 1770, went bankrupt in 1771 and was sentenced to six years in prison in 1774.

The Easter dispute

During the reign of Karl Philipp, the religious dispute over the Gregorian and Julian calendars between the Catholic Waldenburg and the Protestant Neuensteiner line of the Hohenlohe family fell. All Catholic Waldenburg counts had adopted the Gregorian calendar. The Protestant Neuensteiner counts still adhered to the Julian calendar. The calendars differed in time, which led to different dates for Easter.

The religious disputes came to a head in 1744 in the so-called Easter dispute. In 1744 the evangelical subjects of the Principality of Bartenstein wanted to celebrate Easter on March 29th, one week before the Catholic Easter festival. The Waldenburg counts in Schillingsfürst and Bartenstein, including Karl Philipp, did not want to tolerate a separate Easter festival in their area. With a decree they decreed that the Protestant believers celebrate Easter according to the Gregorian calendar, i.e. on April 5, 1744. The citizens protested against the coercive measures. Evangelical pastors in the Principality of Bartenstein refused to read out the decree because of religious suppression. They were then removed from office and arrested. On the evangelical Maundy Thursday and Good Friday, the churches were closed and guarded militarily under threat of severe penalties for clergy and citizens. The Reichshofrat in Vienna who was called up agreed with the complaints of the evangelical line and in the same year issued an injunction condemning the actions of the Waldenburg counts. The order was not implemented. The calendar dispute dragged on until 1750. Only after the Ansbach soldiers occupied Waldenburg territory and the Imperial Assembly in Regensburg demanded that the decisions of the Imperial Court Council be implemented, the Waldenburg princes gave in.

literature

  • Ferdinand, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Information brochure, Bartenstein 1972.
  • Friedrich Karl, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg: Hohenlohe. Neuenstein 1983, DNB 891596011 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Markus Wirth: Hohenloher rule in Alsace: scope of action of an inferior imperial estate in geographically remote possessions using the example of the Seigneurie Oberbronn, 1727–1789 / 93. 2009, p. 25.
  2. ^ Peter Karnatz: Sophie of Hessen-Homburg. accessed on November 16, 2014.
  3. ^ Hesse-Homburg, Ludwig Georg Landgraf von. Hessian biography. (As of February 12, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  4. ↑ Hessen-Homburg, Christina Magdalena Landgravine von. Hessian biography. (As of June 25, 2013). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. ^ Johann Jacob Moser : Family state law of the Teutschen Reichsstands. Volume 1 (1775), p. 547 and p. 885.
  6. ↑ A. and C. Reimann: Bartenstein as it used to be, from craftsmen, councilors and lackeys. Niederstetten 2009, p. 214 ff.
  7. ^ Pia Wüst: Bartenstein Castle and the castle building activities of the Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in the 18th century. Dissertation . Osnabrück 2002, p. 73 ff.
  8. ↑ Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , p. 385.
  9. ^ Karl Otmar Freiherr von Aretin: Das Alte Reich, 1648–1806: Federal or hierarchical order. 1993, p. 145.
  10. ↑ Anette Baumann: The society of the early modern times in the mirror of the Reichskammergericht processes. 2001, p. 27.
  11. ↑ Peter Brachwitz: The authority of the visible: Religionsgravamina in the empire of the 18th century. 2011, p. 151.
  12. ↑ Anette Baumann: Lawyers and Procurators: Lawyers at the Reich Chamber Court (1690–1806). 2006, p. 143.
  13. ^ Pia Wüst: Bartenstein Castle and the castle building activities of the Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in the 18th century. Diss. Osnabrück 2002.
  14. ↑ Anja Amend-Traut, Albrecht Cordes, Wolfgang Sellert (eds.): Money, trade, economy: Supreme courts in the Old Kingdom as arbors. 2013, p. 258.
  15. ↑ a b Regest edition of letters to Goethe (biographical information): Register entry: Wetzlar, Nathan Aaron (around 1725–1784)
  16. ↑ Peter Oestmann (Ed.): Between form rigor and cheapness: research on the premodern civil process. 2009, p. 207.
  17. ↑ Bengt Christian Fuchs: The Sollicitatur at the Reich Chamber Court. 2002, p. 203 f.
  18. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Ulmenstein: History and topographical description of the imperial free city of Wetzlar. Volume 2, 1806, p. 766 f.
  19. ↑ Bengt Christian Fuchs: The Sollicitatur at the Reich Chamber Court. 2002, p. 215 f.
  20. ^ Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Herbst: Goethe in Wetzlar. 1772. Four months from the poet's youth. 1881 (digitized version)
  21. ^ Franz Quarthal: Corruption in Society and State of the Ancien Régime. 1987, p. 45.
  22. ^ Werner Buchholz: Nettelbladt, Christian Freiherr von. In: New German Biography. 19 (1998), p. 84 f. ( Online version )
  23. ^ Gerhard Taddey: Pfedelbach 1037 to 1987. Sigmaringen 1987, p. 64 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, Karl Philipp Franz too
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German imperial prince from the Bartenstein family
DATE OF BIRTH July 12, 1702
PLACE OF BIRTH Wanfried
DATE OF DEATH March 1, 1763
Place of death Wetzlar