Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony was the Prussian Provincial Parliament for the Province of Saxony .

history

Formation of the Provincial Parliament

The province of Saxony was formed from different parts after the Congress of Vienna . It comprised both old Prussian parts and Prussian acquisitions from the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, which have meanwhile been lost to Prussia and previously royal Saxon territories. Accordingly, there was a very different tradition of land-based representations .

In Section 13 of the German Federal Act , Prussia committed itself to enacting a land-based constitution. However, no general diet was set up, but provincial diets were created at the provincial level. The legal basis was the General Law on the Order of the Provincial Estates of June 5, 1823. For the Province of Saxony, this was done through the law on the Order of the Provincial Estates in the Province of Saxony of March 27, 1824. The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony consisted only of members of the province Saxony without the Altmark (see local council of the Altmark ). The thus created provincial assembly consisted of four stalls:

The first estate, the prince estate , was composed of the cathedral chapters and the lords of the state :

  1. The cathedral chapter of Merseburg
  2. The Naumburg Cathedral Chapter
  3. The Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode
  4. The Count of Stolberg-Stolberg
  5. The Count of Stolberg-Roßla
  6. The owner of the Walternienburg office

The second estate (29 deputies) was formed by the knighthood, the third estate (24 deputies) the representatives of the cities and the fourth estate (13 deputies) was formed from the other landowners, hereditary tenants and farmers. The provincial parliament now had 72 members. With the very highest cabinet order of June 22, 1839, the owners of larger family fideikommisse received an additional collective vote. This increased the provincial assembly to 73 members.

The members of the first stand could be represented by members of the second stand. The prerequisite for eligibility in all four Curiae was property that had to have been in possession for ten years without interruption, membership in one of the Christian churches, completion of the thirtieth year of life and an innocent reputation. The right to vote in the second estate was tied to the possession of a manor , but not to belonging to the nobility. The manor had to have patrimonial jurisdiction . For the deputies of the cities, a property or business value of 2000, 4000 or 10,000 thalers (depending on the size of the cities) was required , for the deputies of the state a property of 40 or 80 acres . The election was for six years. Half of the state parliament resigned every three years and was re-elected. Re-election was permitted. Deputies were also elected.

The provincial parliament only met on the instructions of the king. There was no right to decide whether to convene or not. It met regularly every two years. The chairman of the Provincial Parliament, the Landtag Marshal, was appointed by the King. The provincial parliament decided in principle together with all members. In matters that only affected individual curiae, only the representatives of these curiae decided. In 1842 an estates committee was appointed for the first time between the state parliaments.

The provincial parliament of the province of Saxony was conservative in the pre-March period (compared to other parliaments in early constitutionalism ). In 1841 he still rejected the state parliament sessions in public with 61 votes against 9. In 1843 the binding of the state parliament eligibility of the manors to patrimonial jurisdiction was confirmed with 34 to 33 votes. It was not until 1845 that liberal positions began to prevail.

Session periods

The sessions of the Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony were:

  1. October 2, 1825 to November 27, 1825, state parliament adopted on May 17, 1827, for the members of parliament see the list of members of the provincial parliament of the province of Saxony (1st session)
  2. October 28, 1827 to November 29, 1827, Landtag farewell on February 22, 1829
  3. October 25, 1829 to December 6, 1829, state legislature adopted on October 24, 1831, for the members of parliament see the list of members of the provincial parliament of the province of Saxony (3rd session)
  4. January 13, 1833 to February 24, 1833, state legislature adopted on June 22, 1834, for the members of parliament see the list of members of the provincial parliament of the province of Saxony (4th session)
  5. January 29, 1837 to April 4, 1837, Landtag farewell on November 20, 1838
  6. February 28, 1841 to May 4, 1841, state parliament approval of August 6, 1841, for the members of parliament see the list of members of the provincial parliament of the province of Saxony (6th session)
  7. March 5, 1843 to May 5, 1843, Landtag farewell on December 30, 1843
  8. February 9, 1845 to April 13, 1845, Landtag farewell on December 27, 1845

The Joint State Parliament and the March Revolution

In October 1842, the state parliament committee was first called together with the estates committees of the other provinces to a "meeting of the united estates committees of all the provinces of the Prussian monarchy". The members of the Provincial Parliament were in 1847 and 1848 members of the " First and Second United State Parliament of the Prussian Monarchy " according to the constitution of February 3, 1847.

After the March Revolution , the provincial parliament was repealed by the district, district and provincial order of March 11, 1850. In the reaction era , the restoration was provisionally carried out by the decree of the Royal Prussian Ministry of the Interior of May 28, 1851, confirmed by the Supreme Decree of June 19, 1852 and finally by the law on the repeal of the ... Provincial Order of March 11, 1850 dated May 24, 1853

With the law on the expansion of the provincial associations of the province of Saxony and the Rhine province of February 24, 1872, the regulations on the provincial parliament were supplemented.

The new regulations of the provincial order of 1875

Siegelmarke the chairman of the state parliament of the province of Saxony

With the provincial order for the provinces of Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony of June 29, 1875, the election and tasks of the provincial parliament of the province of Saxony were completely reorganized. The provincial parliament now consisted of representatives from the rural and urban districts of the province of Saxony. Each district elected two MPs. Districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants elected three MPs, in larger districts a further MP was added for every full number of additional 50,000 inhabitants. The district representatives were elected by the district councils. The MPs still had to be at least 30 years old. The term of office was 6 years. The first election took place in 1875. No deputies were elected, instead there were supplementary elections. The chairman of the provincial parliament was now elected by himself.

For the first time elected according to this right to vote, see the list of members of the Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony (1876–1881) .

In the Weimar Republic

After the November Revolution of November 9, 1918, general and equal elections were held in Prussia in 1919 for parliaments and local representative bodies based on proportional representation , and women's suffrage was also granted for the first time . However, the provincial parliament was not re-elected. The law on the election of the provincial parliaments of July 16, 1919 regulated that the provincial parliaments should be dissolved and re-elected by the (now democratically elected) district assemblies by September 1, 1919. With Article 74 of the Constitution of the Free State of Prussia of November 30, 1920, the election of the provincial parliaments was established by the people. This constitutional provision was implemented with the law on elections to the provincial and district assemblies of December 3, 1920. Now the MPs were directly elected by the people for four years. The number of MPs depended on the number of inhabitants. For the first and second million inhabitants, one deputy was elected for every 25,000 inhabitants. For the third million inhabitants, one representative was elected for every 35,000 inhabitants and for the fourth million inhabitants one representative for every 50,000 inhabitants. Most recently, the province of Saxony had 3.6 million inhabitants. The mandates were initially distributed at the level of the administrative districts of Magdeburg, Merseburg and Erfurt. With the election law for the provincial and district assemblies of October 7, 1925, minor changes to the electoral law were introduced.

Election results in the Weimar Republic

Share of votes of the parties in percent

election day SPD NOB KPD 1 DDP DNVP 2 DVP DZP LB NSDAP 3
4thFebruary 21, 1921 4 23.5 15.9 15.4 09.88 09.86 8.7 3.8 1.9
5November 29, 1925 5 29.7 17.3 15.4 4.7 10.7 1.6 3.9 3.4 1.1
6thNovember 17, 1929 6 32.1 13.7 4.1 14.9 8.6 3.8 2.5 5.8
March 12, 1933 21.4 12.8 12.5 3.7 48.1

Distribution of seats

year Ges. SPD NOB KPD U
SPD 		DDP DN
VP 		DVP DZP LB LAO SuR VL
DSP 		NS
DAP 		WP CN
BL
1921 110 25th 17th 17th 12 11 11 10 5 2
1925 113 34 20th 18th 5 12 2 4th 4th 7th 3 2 1 1
1929 113 37 16 5 17th 10 5 4th 7th 8th 4th
1933 113 25th 15th 14th 5 54

Footnotes

1 1921: VKPD, 1925, 1929 and 1933: KPD
2 1921, 1925 and 1929: DNVP, 1933: KFSWR
3 1925: DVFB, 1929 and 1933: NSDAP
4th additionally: USPD: 10.9%
5 additionally: LAO: 6.7%, SuR: 2.2%
6th additionally: WP: 6.1%, CNBL: 2.9%

Seizure of power and end of the provincial assembly

The seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933 also meant the end of the Provincial Parliament. With the law on the transfer of competences from the provincial (local) state parliaments, ... to the provincial (state) committees, ... of July 17, 1933, the provincial parliament lost its tasks, with the law on the expansion of the powers of the upper president (Oberpräsidentgesetz) of December 15, 1933 was regulated: “The provincial parliament, provincial committees and provincial commissions are dissolved. A new formation does not take place. "

After the Second World War , the province of Saxony became part of the new state of Saxony-Anhalt . Accordingly, the provincial assembly was not newly formed. Instead, the successor was the Consultative Assembly (Saxony-Anhalt) and then the State Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt.

Parliament building

Meeting place of the state parliament from 1825 - Schlossgarten salon in Merseburg

Parties

In 1861 the Hessian Liberals organized themselves in the German Progressive Party . In response, the Conservatives formed their own organization. Otto zu Stolberg-Wernigerode and Heinrich von Nathusius invited to a provincial assembly on October 8, 1863 in Magdeburg, where the "Conservative Saxon Provincial Association" was founded. This was constituted at its first meeting on December 15, 1863 in Halle.

Sociology of the MPs

Due to the right to vote, the provincial parliament was initially determined by the large landowners of the province. Even after the new regulation of 1875, the large estates were the far disproportionately represented group in the provincial parliament. The influence of the large estates was significantly higher than in the other provincial parliaments. On the eve of the First World War, 39% of the MPs were large landowners. With eight out of 13 members in the provincial committee, the large landowners were even more represented there in 1913 than in parliament. With the beginning of the Weimar Republic , the influence of the large landowners (who were mostly organized in the DNVP) declined massively.

year Number of MPs Large landowners farmers
nobles civil total
1890 122 32 14th 46 15th
1913 139 39 12 51 3
1919 139 12 11 23 3
1921 110 8th 7th 15th 4th
1925 113 6th 7th 12 3
1929 113 2 8th 10 9
1933 113 2 7th 9 16

Personalities

Landtag commissioners

The Landtag commissioner was the civil servant who opened the provincial parliament on behalf of the kings and who represented the sovereign in the Landtag. For the Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony these were:

President

Count Henrich zu Stolberg-Wernigerode, President of the State Parliament 1829–1831
Julius Graf Zech-Burkersroda, President of the State Parliament 1845–1860

Prussian State Council

The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Saxony elected six (from 1926 seven) members of the Prussian State Council during the Weimar Republic . These were:

No. MP Political party Term of office Representative Political party Term of office
1 Baron Kurt von Wilmowsky AG May 1921 to December 31, 1928 Heinrich von Helldorff AG May 1921 to January 22, 1929
1 Heinrich von Helldorff AG January 22, 1929 to January 1930 Georg Zehle AG January 22, 1929 to January 1930
1 Louis Hahnsen SPD January 1930 to April 1933 Willy Plumbon SPD January 1930 to April 1933
1 Axel Crewell NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Hans Tießler NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
2 Otto Gruson AG May 1921 to January 3, 1929 † Fuck
Wilhelm Carlsson
Fritz Fritzschen		 AG
AG
AG		 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to December 16, 1927
January 24, 1928 to January 22, 1929
2 Fritz Fritzschen AG January 22, 1929 to January 1930 kN
2 Willy Scholz SPD January 1930 to April 1933 Otto Baer SPD January 1930 to April 1933
2 Richard Meyer NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Fritz Drewes NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
3 Gustav Trittel DDP May 1921 to February 1926 Bernhard Breitenstein center May 1921 to February 1926
3 Richard Rive AG February 1926 to January 1930 Curt Sorgefrey AG February 1926 to January 1930
3 Georg Schilling center January 1930 to April 1933 Berta Hesse
Martin Borchard
Alfred Benda 		SPD
DDP / DStP
SPD		 January to April 2, 1930
May 26, 1930 to November 19, 1931
December 3, 1931 to April 1933
3 Walter Tießler NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Theodor Weise NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
4th Otto Hörsing SPD May 1921 to July 12, 1921 Karl Bergemann SPD May 1921 to October 11, 1921
4th Karl Bergemann SPD October 11, 1921 to January 25, 1925 Hermann Garbe SPD October 11, 1921 to January 25, 1925
4th Hermann Garbe SPD January 25, 1925 to April 1925 Louis Hahnsen SPD January 21, 1925 to April 1925
4th Louis Hahnsen SPD April 1925 to February 1926 kN
4th Hermann Beims SPD February 1926 to January 1930 Louis Hahnsen SPD February 1926 to January 1930
4th Richard Rive AG January 1930 to April 1933 Albert Hildebrandt AG January 1930 to April 1933
4th Albert Stange NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Hermann Axmann NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
5 Paul Hennig USPD May 1921 to January 16, 1923 Willy Scholz USPD May 1921 to January 16, 1923
5 Willy Scholz SPD January 16, 1923 to January 1930 Wilhelm Dieckmann
Alfred Benda 		VSPD
SPD		 January 16, 1923 to February 1926
, February 1926 to January 1930
5 Baron Tilo von Wilmowsky AG January 29th to October 29th 1930 Fritz Fritzschen AG January 29th to October 29th 1930
5 Fritz Fritzschen AG October 29, 1930 to April 1933 Baron Georg von Erffa AG Late 1930 to April 1933
5 Paul Weber SPD April 28th to June 28th 1933 Ernst Reuter SPD April to July 10, 1933
6th Wilhelm Osterburg KPD May 1921 to November 16, 1921 Emil Grabow KPD May 1921 to November 3, 1921
6th Otto Forster KPD November 1921 to February 1926 Eugene Tominski KPD November 11, 1921 to February 1926
6th Gustav Trittel DDP February 1926 to February 21, 1929 † Georg Schilling center February 1926 to March 19, 1929
6th Georg Schilling center March 19, 1929 to January 1930 Otto Baer SPD March 22, 1929 to January 1930
6th Karl Gutjahr KPD January 1930 to April 1933 Paul Steinmetz KPD January 1930 to April 1933
6th Willy Scholz SPD April to July 10, 1933 Anna Schob SPD April to July 10, 1933
7th Bernard Koenen KPD February 1926 to January 1930 Max Benkwitz KPD February 1926 to January 1930
7th Georg Zehle Battle front January 1930 to April 1933 Günther Gereke AG January 1930 to April 1933
7th Max Winkelmann Battle front April to July 10, 1933 Fritz Fritzschen Battle front April to July 10, 1933

Reichsrat

Not the provincial parliament of the province of Saxony directly, but the provincial committee elected by it elected a member of the Reichsrat in the Weimar Republic . These were Otto Hörsing (SPD) from 1921 to 1930 and Paul Weber (SPD) from 1930 to 1933 .

literature

  • Gerhard Segler: The first provincial parliament of the province of Saxony in 1825, dissertation, 1931
  • Werner Schubert: Preußen im Vormärz: the negotiations of the provincial parliaments of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Saxony and Silesia ... (1841–1845), ISBN 3-631-33608-X , 1999, pp. 26–28, 269–330.
  • Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all districts of the Prussian state in district and state parliaments, 1857, p. 340 ff., Digitized (list of the manorial estates in Saxony)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ General law on the arrangement of the provincial estates of June 5, 1823
  2. ^ Law on the order of the provincial estates in the province of Saxony of March 27, 1824
  3. ↑ Werner Schubert: Preußen im Vormärz, pp. 27–28.
  4. ^ JAF Hermes: Historical-geographical-statistical-topographical manual from the administrative districts of Magdeburg: from JAF Hermes u. MJ Weigelt. General Theil, Volume 1, 1843, p. 185, digitized
  5. ↑ GS 251
  6. ↑ GS. P. 388
  7. ↑ GS 238
  8. ↑ GS. P. 172
  9. ↑ GS. P. 385
  10. ^ Provincial order for the provinces of Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from June 29, 1875
  11. ↑ GS p. 129
  12. ↑ GS p. 543
  13. ↑ GS 1921 p. 1
  14. ^ Law on the elections to the provincial and district parliaments of December 3, 1920
  15. ↑ GS p. 123
  16. ↑ Elections in Germany: Weimar Republic: Prussian provincial parliamentary elections
  17. ^ Elections in the Weimar Republic
  18. ↑ GS. P. 257
  19. ↑ GS, p. 477, Art. II (3)
  20. ^ Eberhard Boch: The Conservatives in the Province of Saxony (1848-1870); in: Saxony and Anhalt: Yearbook of the Historical Commission for Saxony-Anhalt, Volume 8, 1932, p. 350.
  21. ↑ Thomas Nabert: The large estate in the Prussian province of Saxony 1913-1933, Diss., 1992, ISBN 3412083925 , especially tables on page 204.
  22. ^ Joachim Lilla : The Prussian State Council 1921-1933. A biographical manual. With a documentation of the State Councilors appointed in the “Third Reich” (= manuals on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 13). Droste, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-7700-5271-4 , p. 275.
  23. ^ Helmut Klaus: The dualism of Prussia versus Reich in the Weimar Republic in politics and administration; Volume 3 of studies on cultural and legal history, ISSN 1861-5929, 2006, ISBN 9783936999235 , p. 74, digitized