Provincial Parliament of the Province of Hanover

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Hanover was the self-governing body of the Prussian Province of Hanover from 1867 to 1933 .

history

Formation of the Provincial Parliament

After the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia after the German War in 1866, the Province of Hanover was formed. Following the example of the other provinces, a provincial assembly was set up for this province on August 22, 1867.

The 81 deputies were elected in three curiae:

  1. Status of the larger landowners (31 MPs, 25 of them elected)
  2. State of the cities (25 MPs)
  3. State of the rural communities (25 MPs)

In the rank of larger landowners, the following six nobles had virile votes :

  1. the Duke of Arenberg ,
  2. the Duke of Looz-Corswarem ,
  3. the Prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt (as long as they are in the possession of their territorial lords)
  4. the Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode ,
  5. the Count of Stolberg-Stolberg (both because of the County of Hohenstein )
  6. the Hereditary Land Marshal of Hanover (as long as he is in possession of the majorate required for this office)

The remaining MPs were elected in the following constituencies:

  1. Larger landowners (25 MPs)
    1. the district of the Calenberg-Göttingen-Grubenhagen landscape : 6 members,
    2. the Principality of Lüneburg : 5 members,
    3. the duchies of Bremen and Verden : 4 members,
    4. the counties Hoya and Diepholz : 2 MPs,
    5. the Principality of Osnabrück : 2 MPs,
    6. the Principality of Hildesheim : 3 MPs,
    7. the Principality of East Frisia : 2 MPs,
    8. the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen , the Lower County of Linge and the County of Bentheim : 1 member
  2. Cities (25 MPs)
    1. the city of Hanover : 1 MP,
    2. the city of Göttingen : 1 MP,
    3. the city of Hameln : 1 MP,
    4. the other cities belonging to the city curia of the Calenberg-Grubenhagen landscape together: 2 members,
    5. the mining towns of Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Andreasburg, Altenau, Lautenthal, Grund and Wildemann together: 1 member,
    6. the city of Lüneburg : 1 MP,
    7. the city of Harburg : 1 MP,
    8. the city of Celle : 1 deputy,
    9. the other cities belonging to the city status of the Lüneburg State Parliament together: 1 MP,
    10. the city of Stade : 1 MP,
    11. the city of Verden : 1 MP,
    12. the other municipalities belonging to the city curia of the Bremen-Verdenschen landscape together: 1 MP,
    13. the city of Nienburg and the areas of Hoya and Diepholz together: 1 member,
    14. the other areas belonging to the urban curia of the Hoya-Diepholz landscape together: 1 MP,
    15. the city of Osnabrück : 1 MP,
    16. the other cities belonging to the city curia of the Osnabrück landscape and the soft picture Bramsche together: 1 MP,
    17. the cities of Meppen, Lingen, Haselünne, Schüttorf, Northorn, Neuenhaus and Bentheim together: 1 MP,
    18. the city of Papenburg : 1 deputy
    19. the city of Hildesheim : 1 MP,
    20. the city of Goslar : 1 MP,
    21. the other cities belonging to the city curia of the Hildesheim landscape together: 1 representative,
    22. the city of Emden : 1 MP,
    23. the city of Leer : 1 MP,
    24. the other cities belonging to the city curia of the East Frisian landscape together: 1 representative,
  3. Rural communities (25 MPs)
    1. District of the Calenberg-Grubenhagen landscape: 4 members,
    2. Principality of Lüneburg: 4 MPs,
    3. Duchies of Bremen-Verden: 4 MPs,
    4. Land Hadeln: 1 MP;
    5. Counties of Hoya-Diepholz: 2 MPs;
    6. Principality of Osnabrück: 2 MPs;
    7. Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen: 1 member;
    8. Niedergrafschaft Lingen and Grafschaft Bentheim: 1 member;
    9. Principality of Hildesheim: 3 members;
    10. Principality of East Frisia: 3 MPs.

The noblemen could be represented by agnates of their house. The deputies of the towns were elected by the magistrate and all the heads of the citizens, those of the rural communities by the district councils. Deputies were elected in each case. The state parliament usually met annually. He did not have the right to self-assembly, but was convened, adjourned and dissolved by the king. The Landtag marshal (President of the Landtag) was appointed by the King from among the members of the parliament.

The provincial order of 1884

With the provincial order of 1884, the election of the deputies was changed significantly and the powers of the state parliament expanded. The provincial assembly now consisted of representatives from the provincial and urban districts. Each district elected at least one MP. Districts with more than 30,000 inhabitants elected two MPs, from 80,000 inhabitants there were three. In larger circles, an additional MP was added for every full number of additional 50,000 inhabitants. The district representatives were elected by the district councils. The MPs still had to be at least 30 years old. The term of office was 6 years. The provincial parliament could decide to merge small counties into electoral districts. The election was made by the district council. No deputies were elected, instead there were supplementary elections. The chairman of the provincial parliament was now elected by the latter himself.

The provincial parliament now had a budget right with regard to the provincial budget. The provincial association had also received additional tasks.

Weimar Republic

After the November Revolution of November 9, 1918, general and equal elections were held in Prussia in 1919 for parliaments and local representative bodies based on proportional representation , and women's suffrage was also granted for the first time . However, the provincial parliaments were not re-elected. The law on the election of the provincial parliaments of July 16, 1919 regulated that the provincial parliaments should be dissolved and re-elected by the (now democratically elected) district assemblies by September 1, 1919. With Article 74 of the Constitution of the Free State of Prussia of November 30, 1920, the election of the provincial parliaments was established by the people. This constitutional provision was implemented with the law on elections to the provincial and district assemblies of December 3, 1920. Now the MPs were directly elected by the people for four years. The number of MPs depended on the number of inhabitants. For the first and second million inhabitants, one deputy was elected for every 25,000 inhabitants. For the third million inhabitants, one representative was elected for every 35,000 inhabitants and for the fourth million inhabitants one representative for every 50,000 inhabitants. The province of Hanover had between 3 and 4 million inhabitants. The mandates were initially distributed at the level of the administrative districts. With the election law for the provincial and district assemblies of October 7, 1925, minor changes to the electoral law were introduced.

Election results in the Weimar Republic

Share of votes of the parties in percent

election day SPD DVP DNVP 1 DZP DDP KPD 2 DHP NSDAP 3
4th02/21/1921 4 34.7 15.0 7.0 6.4 4.5 3.2 DZP
511/29/1925 5 32.9 01.3 2.2 9.7 3.9 4.2
6th11/17/1929 6 34.7 08.3 6.7 8.9 3.1 3.7 10.9 06.8
03/12/1933 23.1 01.0 9.6 8.1 4.8 04.1 48.8

Distribution of seats to parties with more than 5 seats

year Ges. SPD LN DVP LEW DNVP DZP VHPL HuG DHP MSBl NSDAP KPD
1921 109 37 17th 16 10 7th 7th 4th
1925 112 37 1 2 11 30th 8th 1 1 5
1929 111 39 10 8th 10 12 10 8th 4th
1933 112 26th 11 9 5 55 6th

Distribution of seats to the parties with up to 5 seats

year DDP USPD HeuL LOF LEWF WHauGe SB LGF LF LNO CNBL NatF
1921 5 3 1 1 1
1925 5 5 3 1 1 1
1929 4th 4th 2
1933

Footnotes

1 1921, 1925 and 1929: DNVP, 1933: KFSWR
2 1921: VKPD, 1925, 1929 and 1933: KPD
3 1925: DVFP, 1929 and 1933: NSDAP
4th additionally: LN: 16.6%, LEW: 8.0%, USPD: 3.3%
5 additionally: VHPL: 27.2%, HuG: 7.3%, WHauGe: 3.7%, SB: 2.0%
6th additionally: MSBl: 9.0%

Seizure of power and end of the provincial assembly

The seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933 also meant the end of the Provincial Parliament. With the law on the transfer of competences from the provincial (local) state parliaments, ... to the provincial (state) committees, ... of July 17, 1933, the provincial parliament lost its tasks, with the law on the expansion of the powers of the upper president (Oberpräsidentgesetz) of December 15, 1933 was regulated: “The provincial parliament, provincial committees and provincial commissions are dissolved. A new formation does not take place. "

After the Second World War , the province of Hanover was incorporated into the new state of Lower Saxony . Accordingly, the provincial assembly was not newly formed. Instead, it was succeeded by the Appointed State Parliament (Lower Saxony) and then the Lower Saxony State Parliament.

Personalities

President

Prussian State Council

The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Hanover elected six members of the Prussian State Council in the Weimar Republic . These were:

No. MP Political party Term of office Representative Political party Term of office
1 Eduard von Lütcken DHP May 1921 to February 1926 Carl Ludwig Kleine AG May 1921 to February 1926
1 Carl Ludwig Kleine AG February 1926 to January 1930 Wilhelm Dieckmann AG February 1926 to January 1930
1 Heinrich Hartmann AG January 1930 to May 31, 1931 † Heinrich Heitmüller AG January 1930 to July 21, 1931
1 Heinrich Heitmüller AG July 21, 1931 to November 7, 1932 † Johann Rabe AG July 21, 1931 to November 24, 1832
1 Johann Rabe AG November 24, 1832 to April 1933 Georg Voigt AG November 24, 1832 to April 1933
1 Otto Telschow NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Georg Gloystein NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
2 Heinrich Tramm AG May 1921 to February 1926 Johann Rabe AG May 1921 to February 1926
2 Eberhard Hagemann AG February 1926 to January 1930 Arthur crowd DHP February 1926 to January 1930
2 Jan Fegter DStP January 1930 to March 1, 1931 † Hermann Willmann independent January 1930 to March 27, 1931
2 Hermann Willmann independent March 27, 1931 to April 1933 Hermann Muller DStP March 27, 1931 to April 1933
2 Gustav Hokamp NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Friedrich Lambert NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
3 Franz Reinhard center May 1921 to February 1926 Wilhelm Arning AG May 1921 to February 1926
3 Seriously honest AG February 1926 to April 1933 Carl Uebelen
Dr. Wilhelm Dyckerhoff 		AG
AG		 February 1926 to April 10, 1929
January 1930 to April 1933
3 Siegfried Wagner (Osnabrück) NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Joseph Stand NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
4th Ernst Andrée SPD May 1921 to April 1933 Wilhelm Kregel
Heinrich Groos
Gustav Haas 		SPD
SPD
SPD		 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to January 1930
January 1930 to April 1933
4th Ludwig Geßner NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Elmar Meyer-Ibold NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
5 Andreas Mueller SPD May 1921 to November 11, 1928 Heinrich Groos
Jan Fegter 		SPD
DDP		 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to January 24, 1928
5 Jan Fegter DDP January 24, 1928 to January 1930 Wilhelm Sporleder SPD January 24, 1928 to January 1930
5 Bernhard Breitenstein center January 1930 to April 1933 Joseph Kannengießer center January 1930 to April 1933
5 Paul Prellwitz NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Wilhelm Henne NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
6th Jan Fegter DDP May 1921 to February 1926 Wilhelm Sporleder SPD May 1921 to February 1926
6th Franz Reinhard center February 1926 to November 21, 1927 † Wilhelm Kregel SPD February 1926 to November 23, 1927
6th Wilhelm Kregel SPD November 23, 1927 to January 1930 Baron Franz Fritz von Fürstenberg center November 23, 1927 to January 1930
6th Oswald Chancellor SPD January 1930 to July 10, 1933 Ottomar Suchomel
Paul Neue 		SPD
SPD		 January 1930 to April 1933
April 1933 to July 10, 1933

literature

  • Beatrix Herlemann , Helga Schatz: Biographical Lexicon of Lower Saxony Parliamentarians 1919–1945 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume 222). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2004, ISBN 3-7752-6022-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ordinance on the provincial class constitution in the area of ​​the former Kingdom of Hanover, dated August 22, 1867, text of the ordinance
  2. ^ Provincial order for the province of Hanover of May 7, 1884, online
  3. ↑ GS p. 129
  4. ↑ GS p. 543
  5. ↑ GS 1921 p. 1
  6. ^ Law on the elections to the provincial and district parliaments of December 3, 1920
  7. ↑ GS p. 123
  8. ↑ GS. P. 257
  9. ↑ GS, p. 477, Art. II (3)
  10. ^ Joachim Lilla : The Prussian State Council 1921-1933. A biographical manual. With a documentation of the State Councilors appointed in the “Third Reich” (= manuals on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 13). Droste, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-7700-5271-4 , p. 275.