Provincial Parliament of the Province of Westphalia

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The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Westphalia was the Provincial Parliament of the Prussian Province of Westphalia .

history

prehistory

The province of Westphalia emerged from different parts according to the territorial regulations of the Congress of Vienna. In some of these parts of the country there were estates in the HRR , so the

In other parts of the country there were no estates. The very heterogeneous rural tradition was therefore unsuitable to represent an important starting point for a provincial parliament.

1826 to 1886

Article 13 of the German Federal Act stipulated that the member states of the German Confederation had to set up "land-based constitutions". The historical estates were used here , but interpreted in the sense of early constitutionalism in the sense of a representation of all estates. The first provincial parliaments in Prussia were established as provincial representative bodies on a corporate basis under the name Provinzialestand by the General Law on the Order of the Provincial Estates of June 5, 1823 and subsequent laws for the individual eight provinces and established in the years 1824 to 1827. In the province of Westphalia, this was the "Law on the Order of Provincial Estates for the Province of Westphalia" of March 27, 1824.

The provincial assembly consisted of four curiae. These were the rank of lords and princes, the rank of knighthood, cities and rural communities. The class of lords and princes was formed from the class lords . These were initially 11 Virilstimmen namely

With the "Ordinance, because of the provisions reserved for the Province of Westphalia under the law of March 27, 1824" of July 13, 1827, the vote for Salm-Kyrburg was dropped and vom and zum Stein was given a seat instead . The registry lords could sit on the provincial parliaments can be represented (and also predominantly did this).

The other three estates each had 20 members. Only men with a minimum age of 30 years and an innocent reputation and Christian denomination were eligible. The real estate necessary for the election should have been in the family for 10 years. The prerequisite for eligibility to vote in the knightly class was the possession of a knightly estate that was previously eligible for the state parliament with a property tax of at least 25 thalers. Comparably large agricultural goods, which were recorded in a separate register, were treated equally. For the representatives of the cities and rural communities, a trade or property with a minimum tax amount was a prerequisite for choosing.

The deputies of the knighthood, cities and rural communities were elected in six constituencies, which were based on the historical territories from which the province emerged. These goods

  1. the Minden-Ravensberg constituency ( Minden , Ravensberg , Reckenberg , Rheda , Rietberg )
  2. the Paderborn constituency ( Paderborn , Corvey )
  3. the Westphalian electoral district ( Duchy of Westphalia , Siegen , Wittgenstein , Lippstadt )
  4. the Märkische constituency ( Grafschaft Mark , Dortmund , Limburg )
  5. the east of Münster's constituency (the eastern part of Münster , Tecklenburg , Lingen )
  6. the west of Münster's electoral district (the western part of Münster, Recklinghausen , Anholt , Gehmen , Steinfurth )

The 20 members of the knighthood were directly elected by eligible voters in the six electoral districts. Here at chose

  1. the Minden-Ravensberg constituency 2 MPs
  2. the Paderborn electoral district 3 MPs
  3. the Westphalian electoral district 3 MPs
  4. the Märkische constituency 5 members
  5. the electoral district to the east of Münster has 4 members
  6. the west of Munster electoral district 3 MPs

The 20 city deputies were elected in the same constituencies.

A) 4 MPs in the Minden-Ravensberg constituency

  1. Minden - 1 virile vote
  2. Bielefeld - 1 virile vote
  3. Herford and Vlotho - Herford placed the deputy on two consecutive state parliaments, Vlotho on the third
  4. Lübbecke , Petershagen , Wiedenbrück , Rheda , Gütersloh , Halle , Versmold , Borgholzhausen , Werther , Bünde and Rietberg - together 1

B) 2 MPs in the Paderborn constituency

  1. Paderborn and Höxter - Paderborn provided the deputies on two consecutive state parliaments, Höxter on the third
  2. Brackel , Warburg , Borgentreich , Nieheim , Beverungen , Lügde , Steinheim , Salzkotten , Driburg and Delbrück - together 1 member

C) 3 MPs in the Westphalian electoral district

  1. Siegen - 1 viril vote
  2. Hamm and Arnsberg - each alternately provided a representative
  3. Gesecke , Brilon , Medebach , Hallenberg , Berleburg , Laasphe , Olpe , Freudenberg , Hilchenbach , Schmalenberg , Attendorn , Neheim , Winterberg , Marsberg and Meschede - together 1 MP

D) 5 MPs in the Märkisches constituency

  1. Iserlohn - 1 virile vote
  2. Dortmund - 1 virile vote
  3. Soest and Lippstadt - Soest placed the deputies on two successive state parliaments, Lippstadt on the third
  4. Hagen , Altena and Schwelm - each alternated one representative
  5. Unna , Herdecke , Bochum , Hörde , Lünen , Schwerte , Westhofen , Breckerfeld , Lüdenscheid , Plettenberg , Neuenrade , Hattingen , Kamen , Werl , Menden , Limburg and Witten - together 1 member

E) 4 MPs in the east of Münster's constituency

  1. Münster - 2 virile voices
  2. Warendorf and Bochold - Warendorf provided the deputy on two consecutive state parliaments, Bochold on the third
  3. Ahlen , Beckum , Oelde , Werne , Sendenhorst , Lüdinghausen , Telgte , Ibbenbüren , Lengerich and Tecklenburg - together 1 delegate

F) the electoral district to the west of Munster 2 MPs

  1. Recklinghausen , Dorsten , Rheine , Coesfeld and Stadtlohn - alternating with each other
  2. Dülmen , Steinfurt , Ahaus , Vreden , Borken , Anholt , Gronau , Horstmar , Billerbeck and Haltern - together 1 MP

The 20 rural parishes were elected in the same constituencies.

A) 4 MPs in the Minden-Ravensberg constituency

  1. District of Minden - 1 MP
  2. Rahden district - 1 MP
  3. District of Bünde and District of Herford - 1 member
  4. District of Bielefeld , District of Halle and District of Wiedenbrück - 1 member

B) 2 MPs in the Paderborn constituency

  1. Paderborn and Büren districts
  2. District of Brakel , District of Warburg and District of Höxter

C) 3 MPs in the Westphalian electoral district

  1. District of Lippstadt and District of Brilon - 1 member
  2. District of Wittgenstein , District of Siegen and District of Olpe - 1 member
  3. District of Arnsberg and District of Eslohe - 1 member

D) 4 MPs in the Märkisches constituency

  1. District of Soest and District of Hamm - 1 member
  2. District of Dortmund and District of Bochum - 1 member
  3. District Iserlohn and District Altena - 1 member
  4. District of Hagen - 1 MP

E) 4 MPs in the east of Münster's constituency

  1. District of Tecklenburg - 1 MP
  2. District of Münster - 1 MP
  3. District of Warendorf and District of Beckum - 1 MP
  4. District of Lüdinghausen - 1 MP

F) the west of Munster constituency 3 MPs

  1. District of Recklinghausen - 1 member
  2. District of Borken and District of Ahaus - 1 MP
  3. District Coesfeld and District Steinfurt - 1 member

The election in the collective cities and the rural communities took place indirectly through electors .

The competencies of the provincial parliament were limited. He was only allowed to meet when called by the king, who also appointed the state marshal (president of parliament). He had the task of advising certain laws for the province and was allowed to address petitions and complaints concerning the province to the king and to decide on communal matters. Since 1842 a provincial committee consisted of 12 members. Four members were elected from each curia except the princely curia. There were also 2 representatives of the Prince Curia. The provincial committee should discuss laws between the provincial parliaments.

In 1847, the Westphalian Provincial Parliament members were part of the First United State Parliament . After the March Revolution of 1848 there was no new election of the provincial parliaments in the democratic sense; instead, his work was suspended. It was not until the reaction era of 1852 that the provincial assembly - determined according to the rules of 1826 - was convened again. The tasks of the Provincial Parliament were expanded in several steps from the 1870s. In 1871 the provincial parliament received the budget right for the provincial institutions and the provincial property. The provincial committee was entrusted with the administration. With the endowment laws of 1873 and 1875, the provinces were assigned numerous tasks and the associated finances. These included the rural poor, welfare institutions for the blind, deaf-mute and the mentally ill, the provincial road system, the promotion of art and culture and the maintenance of monuments.

1886 to 1918

Seal mark Westfälische Provinzial-Hauptkasse

On August 1, 1886, the provincial order that had been in force in the eastern Prussian provinces since 1875 was introduced in the province of Westphalia. This completely reorganized the election and task of the Provincial Parliament of the Province of Westphalia. The provincial parliament now consisted of members of the rural and urban districts of the province of Westphalia. Each district with up to 35,000 inhabitants elected one member. Districts with more than 35,000 and less than 70,000 inhabitants elected two MPs, in larger districts a further MP was added for every full number of additional 50,000 inhabitants. The district representatives were elected by the district assemblies (these were themselves elected according to the three-class suffrage). The MPs still had to be at least 30 years old. The term of office was 6 years. The first election took place in 1886. No deputies were elected, instead there were supplementary elections. The chairman of the provincial parliament was now elected by himself.

1918 to 1933

After the November Revolution of November 9, 1918, general and equal elections were held in Prussia in 1919 for parliaments and local representative bodies based on proportional representation , and women's suffrage was also granted for the first time . However, the provincial parliament was not re-elected. The law on the election of the provincial parliaments of July 16, 1919 regulated that the provincial parliaments should be dissolved and re-elected by the (now democratically elected) district assemblies by September 1, 1919. With Article 74 of the Constitution of the Free State of Prussia of November 30, 1920, the election of the provincial parliaments was established by the people. This constitutional provision was implemented with the law on elections to the provincial and district assemblies of December 3, 1920. Now the MPs were directly elected by the people for four years. The number of MPs depended on the number of inhabitants. For the first and second million inhabitants, one deputy was elected for every 25,000 inhabitants. For the third million inhabitants, one representative was elected for every 35,000 inhabitants and for the fourth million inhabitants one representative for every 50,000 inhabitants. Most recently, the province of Saxony had 3.6 million inhabitants. The mandates were initially distributed at the level of the administrative districts of Magdeburg, Merseburg and Erfurt. With the election law for the provincial and district assemblies of October 7, 1925, minor changes to the electoral law were introduced.

Election results in the Weimar Republic

Share of votes of the parties in percent

election day DZP SPD DVP DNVP 1 KPD 2 DDP WP CSVD 3 NSDAP
4thFebruary 21, 1921 4 36.4 23.3 13.1 08.8 07.3 4.3
November 29, 1925 35.1 22.8 11.7 10.7 09.3 2.7 2.2
5November 17, 1929 5 32.9 22.1 08.7 06.2 09.3 2.5 6.3 4.0 02.9
March 12, 1933 28.2 15.1 06.8 10.3 2.3 36.2

Distribution of seats

year Ges. DZP SPD DVP DNVP KPD USPD DDP P WP CSVD NSDAP CNBL
1921 134 50 31 17th 12 10 6th 6th 2
1925 138 50 32 17th 16 14th 5 4th
1929 138 46 31 12 9 13 4th 9 6th 4th 4th
1933 138 39 21st 10 14th 4th 50

Footnotes

1 1921, 1925 and 1929: DNVP, 1933: KFSWR
2 1921: VKPD, 1925, 1929 and 1933: KPD
3 1929: EVD, 1933: CSVD
4th additionally: USPD: 4.96%
5 additionally: CNBL: 2.2%

Seizure of power and end of the provincial assembly

The seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933 also meant the end of the Provincial Parliament. With the law on the transfer of competences of the provincial (municipal) state parliaments, ... to the provincial (state) committees, .. of July 17, 1933, the provincial parliament lost its tasks, with the law on the expansion of the Powers of the Upper President (Upper President Law) of December 15, 1933 were regulated: “The provincial parliament, provincial committees and provincial commissions are dissolved. A new formation does not take place. "

After the Second World War , the province of Westphalia became part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Accordingly, the provincial assembly was not newly formed. Successor was the Landscape Assembly Westphalia-Lippe of the Landscape Association Westphalia-Lippe .

Seat

The Provincial Assembly of the Province of Westphalia met in the first Provincial Assembly in the Castle of Münster , then until the 15th Provincial Assembly (1861) in the City Hall in Münster . From the 16th to the 42nd Provincial Parliament (1901) it met in the Ständehaus on Domplatz and then in the State House .

Personalities

President

The chairman of the provincial assembly was initially called the provincial assembly marshal and was appointed by the king.

From 1866 he carried the title of chairman and was elected by the provincial parliament

Members

For the members of the Provincial Parliament, see the category: Member of the Provincial Parliament of Westphalia and the lists of representatives.

Prussian State Council

The Provincial Parliament of Westphalia elected ten members of the Prussian State Council in the Weimar Republic . These were:

No. MP Political party Term of office Representative Political party Term of office
1 Dr. Franz Dieckmann center May 1921 to January 1930 Dr. Werner Reineke
Baron Adolf von Oer 		Center
center		 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to January 1930
1 Baron Adolf von Oer center January 1930 to April 1933 August Heeke center January 1930 to April 1933
1 Josef Wagner (Bochum) NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Kurt Matthaei NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
2 Anton Gilsing center May 1921 to January 1930 Jacob Isenrath
Paul Schönkaes 		Center
center		 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to October 14, 1926 †
2 Heinrich Klasmeyer center January 1930 to April 1933 Helene Drießen center December 1926 to April 1933
2 Albert Kost NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Albert Schulze-Dernebockholt Battle front April to July 10, 1933
3 Dr. Wilhelm Kaiser center May 1921 to April 1933 Helene Drießen
Heinrich Klasmeyer
Johannes Humann
Freiherr Maximilian Raitz von Frentz 		Center
center
center
center
 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to January 1930
January 1930 to May 1932
May 30, 1932 to April 1933
3 Wilhelm Habbes NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Gottfried Flach NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
4th Baron Adolf von Oer center May 1921 to February 1926 Paul Schönkaes center May 1921 to February 1926
4th Dr. Albert Vögler AG February 1926 to October 29, 1929 Robert Haas (Weidenau) AG February 1926 to January 1930
4th Dr. Franz Dieckmann (Munster) center January 1930 to April 1933 Franz Bartscher center January 1930 to April 1933
4th Carl Egbert Böhmer NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Ernst Kienker NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
5 Dr. Wilhelm Beukenberg AG May 1921 to July 15, 1923 † Eduard Windthorst AG February 1926 to July 26, 1923
5 Eduard Windthorst AG July 26, 1923 to February 1926 Friedrich Jütte AG July 26, 1923 to January 1930
5 Karl Schulze-Pelkum AG February 1926 to January 1930 kN
5 Karl Schreck SPD January 1930 to April 1933 Karl Hölkeskamp SPD January 1930 to April 1933
5 Eduard Windthorst Battle front April to July 10, 1933 Dr. Otto Baumecker Combat Front / NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
6th Karl Schulze-Pelkum AG May 1921 to February 1926 Robert Haas (Weidenau) AG May 1921 to February 1926
6th Eduard Windthorst AG February 1926 to January 1930 August Sultemeyer AG February 1926 to January 1930
6th Hans Schmidt SPD January 1930 to July 10, 1933 Reinhard Rauschenberg SPD January 1930 to April 1933
6th Wilhelm Stockheck NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Richard Meyer (Paderborn) NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
7th Ernst Mehlich SPD May 1921 to August 16, 1926 † Prof. Dr. Karl Vorländer SPD May 1921 to October 5, 1926
7th Prof. Dr. Karl Vorländer SPD October 5, 1926 to December 7, 1928 † Hugo Strathmann SPD October 5, 1926 to January 1929
7th Hugo Strathmann SPD January 1929 to January 1930 Herman Schneider SPD January 1929 to January 1930
7th Eduard Windthorst AG January 1930 to April 1933 Otto Hemberg AG January 1930 to April 1933
7th Baron Adolf von Oer center April to July 10, 1933 Josef Brüning-Sudhoff center April to July 10, 1933
8th Karl Schreck SPD May 1921 to January 1930 Dr. Carl Rawitzki
Reinhard Rauschenberg 		SPD
SPD		 May 1921 to February 1926
February 1926 to January 1930
8th Karl Schulze-Pelkum AG January 1930 to April 1933 Robert Haas (Weidenau) AG January 1930 to April 1933
8th Heinrich Klasmeyer center April to July 10, 1933 August Heeke center April to July 10, 1933
9 Konrad Herbst KPD May 1921 to March 13, 1922 Friedrich Noelle KPD May 1921 to March 21, 1922
9 Friedrich Noelle KPD March 21, 1922 to February 1926 Albert Assmann KPD April 25, 1922 to February 1926
9 Heinz Pöppe KPD February 1926 to January 1930 Karl Lotz KPD February 1926 to January 1930
9 Carl Berkemeyer WP January 1930 to April 1933 Franz Luster-Haggeney AG January 1930 to April 1933
9 Dr. Wilhelm Kaiser center April to July 10, 1933 Franz Bartscher center April to July 10, 1933
10 Hans Schmidt SPD May 1921 to January 1930 Reinhold Wolter KPD May 1921 to January 1930
10 Gustav Thorun KPD January 1930 to April 1933 Leo Herwig
Alfred Görlich 		KPD January 1930 to October 27, 1930
October 30, 1930 to April 1933
10 Karl Schreck SPD April to July 10, 1933 Hans Schmidt SPD April to July 10, 1933

literature

  • Alfred Bruns (Ed.), Josef Häming (compilation): The Members of the Westphalia Parliament 1826–1978 (= Westphalian source and archive directories, Volume 2). Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, Münster 1978.
  • Jakob Roebers: The establishment of the provincial estates in Westphalia and the elections for the first Westphalian provincial parliament, diss., 1915.
  • Wilhelm Hammerschmidt The provincial self-government of Westphalia , 1909, chapter constitutional history
  • The fourth Westphalian state parliament. Münster 1835 digitized
  • Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state in district and state parliaments, 1857, p. 386 ff., Digitized (list of the manorial estates in Westphalia)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Jacobs: The Paderborn estates in the 17th and 18th centuries, Diss. Münster
  2. ↑ Leo Wollenhaupt: The Cleve-Märkische Landstands in the 18th century, 1924
  3. ^ H. Croon: Estates and taxes in Jülich-Berg in the 17th and mainly in the 18th century; in: Rheinisches Archiv 10 (1929), 1–258
  4. ^ H. Klueting: Estates and representation of estates in the Westphalian county of Limburg in the 17th and 18th centuries; in: Contributions to the history of Dortmund and the county Mark 70 (1976), pp. 108-201.
  5. ^ H. Klueting: The Rheda estates; in: WestfF 27 (1975), pp. 67-84.
  6. ^ L. Dehio: On the constitutional and administrative history of the Prince Diocese of Münster in the 17th and 18th centuries; in: Journal for Fatherland History, Paderborn, 1988, pp. 233–361.
  7. ↑ PrGS 1823, 129
  8. ↑ Ges.SS 108 ff., Digitized
  9. ↑ GS p. 109 ff., Digitized
  10. ^ "Ordinance on the formation of a committee of the estates of the Province of Westphalia"; in: GS 1842, No. 20, pp. 233-237.
  11. ^ "Very Highest Decree of September 15, 1871, regarding the approval of the regulations for the organization of the administration of the provincial property and the provincial institutions in the province of Westphalia"; GS 1871, No. 32, pp. 457-460.
  12. ^ "Law on the introduction of the Provincial Order of June 29, 1875 in the Province of Westphalia", GS 1886, No. 32, pp. 254–280, digitized
  13. ↑ GS p. 129
  14. ↑ GS p. 543
  15. ↑ GS 1921 p. 1
  16. ^ Law on the elections to the provincial and district parliaments of December 3, 1920
  17. ↑ GS p. 123
  18. ↑ GS. P. 257
  19. ↑ GS, p. 477, Art. II (3)
  20. ^ Joachim Lilla : The Prussian State Council 1921-1933. A biographical manual. With a documentation of the State Councilors appointed in the “Third Reich” (= manuals on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 13). Droste, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-7700-5271-4 , p. 275.