Provincial Parliament of the Province of Pomerania

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The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Pomerania was the Prussian Provincial Parliament for the Province of Pomerania .

history

Ständehaus or Altes Landeshaus , seat of the provincial estates, now part of the National Museum, 2008

The estates in the old empire

The estates existing in the HRR in Pomerania were divided by the partition of Pomerania after the Peace of Westphalia . They persisted in the Prussian province of Pomerania and met for the last time in December 1810 in Stargard. With the " Gendarmerie Edict " of July 30, 1812, the estates were repealed. In the Peace of Osnabrück the rights of the estates of the newly formed Swedish Pomerania were guaranteed. In 1806 these were abolished by Sweden, but at the same time they were re-established with the Greifswald state parliament of 1806 . Even after the territory was ceded to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Prussia declared itself bound by the obligation to maintain estates.

The Estates Provincial Parliament from 1823

The “General Law on the Order of the Provincial Estates” of June 5, 1823 formed the legal basis for the introduction of the Estates Provincial Diets, including that for the Province of Pomerania. The associated implementing law was the "Law on the Order of Provincial Estates in the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen" of July 1, 1823. The provincial parliament thus newly formed represented the province of Pomerania except for the New Mark districts of Schivelbein and Dramburg. These were represented in the provincial parliament of the province of Brandenburg .

The provincial parliament had 48 members in three curiae . The first curia, the knighthood, has 24 members, including a virile vote for the Prince of Putbus. The cities had 16 and the rural communities 8 seats. The representatives of the cities were elected separately for New Western Pomerania, Old Western Pomerania and Western Pomerania. The election took place for 6 years, after every three years half of the MPs were re-elected.

The tasks of the provincial parliament were not very extensive. He had no budget rights and could only address his decisions in the form of petitions to the government. For questions of local politics, the communal parliament of New Western Pomerania and Rügen and the communal parliament of Old Western and Western Pomerania also existed until 1881 . It met 20 times between 1824 and 1875. The activity was interrupted at short notice due to the March Revolution . It was repealed with the district, district and provincial order for the Prussian state of March 11, 1850, and reintroduced with the law of May 24, 1853.

The chairman of the provincial assembly was appointed by the king. As a rule, this was Prince zu Putbus as hereditary marshal, first Wilhelm Malte I then Wilhelm Malte II.

The provincial parliament from 1875

With the “Provincial Order for the Provinces of Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony” of June 29, 1875, the Provincial Association of Pomerania was brought into being. The newly organized provincial estates now served as representatives of the people. The deputies were elected by the district councils or city councils of the independent cities. These in turn were determined according to the three-class electoral law. Each district elected two MPs, if it had more than 40,000 inhabitants, it elected three. The term of office was six years. The 1st Provincial Parliament, to which 82 members belonged, met on January 3, 1876 in Stettin. To prepare its work, seven committees were formed, which were modeled on the tasks of the provincial association:

  1. Preparation of the rules of procedure
  2. Submission of proposals about the measures initially necessary for the purpose of taking over the business and regular constitution of the provincial council
  3. Poor people and madmen
  4. Fisheries Act
  5. Road and highway construction
  6. Animal Disease Act
  7. Tariff for poor relief costs

Thereafter, the provincial assembly usually met annually for a three-day session week. He chose his chairman himself. He also elected the provincial committee and the governor (until 1895: provincial director).

New state house in Szczecin, now the city hall, 2014

In the Weimar Republic

After the November Revolution, local elections were held for the first time in February 1919 in free and equal elections. From these elections, the SPD emerged as the strongest force. In accordance with the due by-elections in the provincial parliament, its composition changed significantly.

The "Law on the Elections to the District Councils and Provincial Parliaments" of December 3, 1920 introduced direct election of the members of the Provincial Parliament. The 71 seats were distributed according to the number of inhabitants: the administrative district of Stettin elected 35, Köslin 26 and Stralsund 10. The elections were conducted as free and equal elections according to proportional representation. The parties submitted district lists. In the evaluation, these were added together at the administrative district level and the seats per party and administrative district were distributed according to proportional representation. The seats of each party in the administrative district were then given to the candidates who received the highest number of votes on their constituency list. This led to a disadvantage for the small circles and to the fact that the representative of the circle did not have to come from the ranks of the strongest parties there.

After Georg Steinmetz had built and completed the New State House at the southern end of the Quistorp Aue from 1924 to 1927 , the Provincial Parliament and the Provincial Association of Pomerania moved into the old state house . With the rejection of the provincial budget in 1932, the budget right of the provincial parish passed to the head president. A Reparlamentarisierung did not happen: After the seizure of power by the National Socialists of the county council was abolished in 1933.

Election results

Share of votes of the parties in percent

election day DNVP 1 SPD DVP KPD 2 DDP SS 3 NSDAP
4th02/21/1921 4 41.1 28.7 13.3 6.5 3.2 1.8
511/29/1925 5 48.5 26.2 5.9 5.4 3.3 4.5
11/17/1929 40.8 30.6 4.9 5.7 3.1 5.2 4.1
03/12/1933 18.4 16.3 5.2 57.9

Distribution of seats

year total DNVP SPD DVP USPD KPD DDP WP AMSP WPL NSDAP
1921 81 41 21st 10 3 2 2 2
1925 76 37 20th 5 4th 3 3 3 1
1929 75 31 24 4th 5 3 4th 4th
1933 75 14th 13 4th 44

Footnotes

1 1921, 1925 and 1929: DNVP, 1933: KFSWR
2 1921: VKPD, 1925, 1929 and 1933: KPD
3 1921: WPDM, 1925 and 1929: WP
4th additionally: USPD: 4.4%
5 additionally: AMSP: 4.2%

Personalities

MPs

For the MPs see the category: Member of the Provincial Parliament of Pomerania .

Chair of the Provincial Parliament

Georg von Köller-Cantreck , chairman of the provincial parliament from 1876 to 1906

The presidents of the Provincial Parliament were:

Prussian State Council

The Provincial Parliament of the Province of Pomerania elected four members of the Prussian State Council in the Weimar Republic . These were:

No. MP Political party Term of office Representative Political party Term of office
1 Baron Hans Jaspar von Maltzahn AG May 1921 to February 1926 Paul Firzlaff AG May 1921 to February 1926
1 Dr. Paul Langemak AG February 1926 to April 1933 Dr. Friedrich Pels Leusden
Kurt von Griesheim
Dr. Carl Tewaag 		AG
AG
AG		 February 1926 to January 2, 1928 January
24, 1928 to January 1930
January 1930 to April 1933
1 Dr. Ernst Jarmer NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Franz Claassen NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
2 Count Carl von Behr AG May 1921 to March 31, 1923 Dr. Paul Langemak AG May 1921 to June 21, 1923
2 Dr. Paul Langemak AG June 21, 1923 to February 1926 Dr. Friedrich Pels Leusden AG June 21, 1923 to February 1926
2 Dr. Johannes Gollnow AG February 1926 to January 1930 Paul Borchert WP February 1926 to June 19, 1928
2 Friedrich Karl von Zitzewitz AG January 1930 to January 15, 1931 Emil Albinus AG June 19, 1928 to January 1930
2 Paul Firzlaff AG January 1931 to April 1933 Walter von Corswant
Dr. Ernst Jarmer		 NSDAP
NSDAP		 January 1930 to January 19, 1931
February 3, 1931 to April 1933
2 Count Gottfried von Bismarck-Schönhausen NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Axel Wulf NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
3 Dr. Johannes Gollnow AG May 1921 to February 1926 Friedrich Lenzner AG May 1921 to February 1926
3 Claus von Köller-Hoff AG February 1926 to January 1930 Paul Firzlaff AG February 1926 to January 1930
3 Wilhelm Pargmann SPD January 1930 to April 1933 Otto Passehl SPD January 1930 to April 1933
3 Rudolf Schultz NSDAP April to July 10, 1933 Alfred Brandt NSDAP April to July 10, 1933
4th Gustav Schumann SPD May 1921 to February 1926 Albert Bulow SPD May 1921 to February 1926
4th Richard Falkenberg SPD February 1926 to January 1930 Hermann Wilke SPD February 1926 to January 1930
4th Dr. Johannes Gollnow AG January 1930 to April 1933 Richard Falkenberg SPD January 1930 to April 1933
4th Dr. Paul Langemak Battle front April to July 10, 1933 Baron Ivo von Bothmer Battle front April to July 10, 1933

Reichsrat

Not the provincial parliament of the province of Pomerania directly, but the provincial committee elected by it elected a member of the Reichsrat in the Weimar Republic . This was Carl Graf von Behr (DNVP) from 1921 to 1933 .

literature

  • Theodor Wengler : The Pomeranian Provincial Association. Directory of the members of the provincial assembly. Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania, Series V, Volume 44. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20109-8 , partially digitized .
  • Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state in district and state parliaments, 1857, p. 131 ff., Digitized (list of manors in Pomerania eligible for state assembly)

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ GS p. 129, text of the general law on the arrangement of the provincial estates .
  2. ↑ GS 2. 146.
  3. ↑ GS. P. 251.
  4. ↑ GS. 238.
  5. ↑ GS. P. 385
  6. ↑ Theodor Wengler (Ed.): Der Provinzialverband Pommern , Böhlau, p. 6. ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
  7. ^ Joachim Lilla : The Prussian State Council 1921-1933. A biographical manual. With a documentation of the State Councilors appointed in the “Third Reich” (= manuals on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 13). Droste, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-7700-5271-4 , p. 273.
  8. ^ Helmut Klaus: The dualism of Prussia versus Reich in the Weimar Republic in politics and administration; Volume 3 of studies on cultural and legal history, ISSN 1861-5929, 2006, ISBN 978-3-936999-23-5 , p. 74, digitized