Heinrich Tramm

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Heinrich Tramm around 1900
Inauguration of the New Town Hall on June 20, 1913; Heinrich Tramm (third from left) with the chain of office . The reference to the winner of Liège in the caption is an addition from the years of the First World War,
postcard “Kr. 13 “, Verlag Gustav Liersch & Co. , Berlin

Heinrich Tramm (born March 13, 1854 in Hanover ; † March 13, 1932 there ) was a German politician and administrative officer. As the successor to the late Ferdinand Halthoff , Tramm was city ​​director of Hanover from 1891 to 1918 and shaped the capital of the Prussian province of Hanover at the turn of the century during the Wilhelminian era ("Tramm era"). The square in front of the New Town Hall , the Trammplatz , is named after him.

Life

Tramm was the son of the Hanoverian architect Christian Heinrich Tramm and grew up with his grandmother after the early death of his parents (1861 due to illness). After attending the Lyceum, he studied law and political science in Heidelberg , Leipzig and Berlin from 1874–77 . As early as 1883 he became a full-time senator in the Hanoverian magistrate and in 1885 moved into the Prussian House of Representatives for the National Liberal Party .

After Tramm had previously been deputy city director, he was replaced by Hans Eyl in 1891 and elected city director of Hanover (equivalent to today's mayor), an office he held until 1918. Tramm was married to Klärchen Meyer in his first marriage, his wife died in 1896. In his second marriage, he married Olga Polna (1869–1936), a singer at the Hanoverian Hofbühne. The fact that she was of Jewish origin caused a scandal in the “better” society of Hanover. He had a daughter from his first marriage and two sons from the second; Oskar , the younger (* 1902) was executed in 1943 for degrading military strength in the Brandenburg-Görden prison.

For three decades, Hanover experienced rapid industrial and structural development during the “Tramm era”. These include the incorporation of the suburbs of Herrenhausen, Hainholz, Vahrenwald and List in around 1891 and the commissioning of the Herrenhausen power station, the expansion of the Stöcken town cemetery (1889-1892) and the construction of the first market hall (1892), Hospital I on Halthoffstrasse (today : Klinikum Nordstadt ) and the expansion of the Bödekerstraßen district (Oststadt) - all by 1895. Furthermore, the dike in the Egidienmasch, the acquisitions of the brick factories in Grasdorf, Wülfel and Laatzen, the completion of the sewer system for the inner city, the commissioning of the Grasdorf waterworks (all up to 1901).

In 1533, Dietrich Arnsborg on a raised pedestal made the citizens swear by the teachings of the Reformation ;
Painting by Ferdinand Hodler on behalf of Tramm, 1913, "Hodler-Saal", New Town Hall

Tramm did a great job, especially in the construction of the New Town Hall in 1901–13. This includes, among other things, the commissioning of the Swiss painter Ferdinand Hodler for the monumental painting “Einmütigkeit”, completed in 1913, which symbolizes the oath of the Hanoverian citizens under Dietrich Arnsborg on the teaching of the Reformation . Tramm pushed through the painting, which is now installed in the "Hodler-Saal" of the New Town Hall, against numerous opposition.

Other urban changes under Tramm include the expansion of the main train station , the installation of the suburban train stations, the construction of the freight bypass (1902-10), the acquisition of the zoo in Kirchrode (1903) and the Kleine Bult (today the zoo district) by the city and its development through the construction of the new ulan barracks and later the town hall . Construction of the new racecourse on the Bult, incorporation of the suburbs Groß and Klein Buchholz, Bothfeld, Lahe, Kirchrode, Döhren and Wülfel in 1907, which meant an increase of 60 km² to the urban area, commissioning of the waterworks in Elze and acquisition of the castle manor ( everything until 1912). A final highlight was the construction of the town hall (1911 to 1914) - Heinrich Tramm lived right around the corner in his magnificent service villa, which is still preserved today.

"City Director a. D. Dr. Heinrich Tramm ”;
Portrait drawing by August Heitmüller , around 1929

After resigning as city director in the days of the November Revolution in 1918, Tramm returned to political life in 1919 when he was elected to the Hanover Citizens Committee on his own list. 1924–29 he was one of the leaders of the conservative “Ordnungsblock” and responsible for the replacement of the Social Democratic Lord Mayor Robert Leinert, who was unpopular in bourgeois circles .

Tramm was also politically active nationwide. From 1886 to 1891 he belonged to the Prussian House of Representatives for the National Liberal Party and from 1891 to 1929 to the Hanover provincial parliament, with Tramm joining the right-wing liberal DVP after the revolution .

Heinrich Tramm (4th from right) as a member of the Kunstverein Hannover at its 71st exhibition opening;
Photo print based on a group picture by Ernst August Fischer , 1903
Grave site at the Engesohde cemetery

Tramm, who had already sponsored the 14-year-old painter Rudolf Weber in 1891, was a committed art collector (70 paintings were hanging in his villa at the time of his death). Under the influence of Max Liebermann , who painted portraits of himself and his wife Olga, Tramm gained access to modern artists and ensured that the city of Hanover bought their pictures.

Heinrich Tramm's honorary grave of the state capital Hanover, in which his wife Olga and the executed son Oskar are also buried, is located in the Engesohde city cemetery , urn department 23 E, grave no. 1a-b.

literature

  • Beatrix Herlemann , Helga Schatz: Biographical Lexicon of Lower Saxony Parliamentarians 1919–1945 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume 222). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2004, ISBN 3-7752-6022-6 , p. 365.
  • Heinrich Tramm. City director of Hanover. 1854-1932. A picture of life , Hanover: [Hannov. Courier u. Hannov. Anzeiger], [print] Gebrüder Jänicke, Hanover 1932.
  • Charlotte Kranz-Michaelis: The New Town Hall in Hanover. A testimony to the “Tramm era”. In: Town halls in the German Empire. 1871 - 1918 , vol. 23, also dissertation 1977 at the University of Tübingen , Department of Classical and Cultural Studies, Munich: Prestel, 1982, ISBN 3-7913-0384-8 , pp. 395-413
  • Ancestral list. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 3 (1934/35), pp. 58–64, 120–124
  • Klaus Mlynek : TRAMM, (2) Heinrich. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen : Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 362f. u.ö .; online through google books
  • Ines Katenhusen : Art and Politics. Hanover's struggles with modernity in the Weimar Republic . Hahn, Hanover 1998, ( Hannoversche Studies , Volume 5) ISBN 3-7752-4955-9 (therein pp. 189–213: Municipal art purchase policy and private patronage in the "Tramm era")
  • Cornelia Regin (Ed.): Splendor and Power. Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the inauguration of the New Town Hall in Hanover , in the series Hannoversche Studien. Publication series of the Hannover City Archives , Vol. 14, Hannover: Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7752-4964-5 ; therein u. a .:
    • Gerhard Schneider: Ferdinand Hodler and his painting for the New Town Hall in Hanover , pp. 167–199
    • Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer : Authoritarian versus Autonomous ? In: Städtische Selbstverwaltung und Rathaus - a historical longitudinal section , pp. 37–52
  • Klaus Mlynek: Spiritual affinity : Carl Peters and Heinrich Tramm , in Thomas Schwark , Kathleen Biercamp (Red.): Interpretations, meanings. Contributions to Hanover's urban and regional history. Festschrift for Waldemar R. Röhrbein on his 75th birthday (= writings of the Historisches Museum Hannover , Volume 38), Hannover: Historisches Museum, 2010, ISBN 978-3-910073-39-5 , pp. 12–57
  • Klaus Mlynek: Tramm, (2) Heinrich. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 626f.

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Tramm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Mlynek : EYL, Hans. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 113; online through google books
  2. ↑ Ralf Buchterkirchen: “You don't need to be ashamed of my execution”. Disobedient soldiers in Hanover 1933–1945 . Regional history working group, Neustadt am Rübenberge 2020, ISBN 978-3-930726-34-9 , p. 68.
  3. ↑ Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer : Authoritarian versus autonomous ? In: Municipal self-government and town hall - a historical longitudinal section. In: Cornelia Regin (Ed.): Splendor and Power. Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the inauguration of the New Town Hall in Hanover , in the series Hannoversche Studien. Publication series of the Hannover City Archives , Vol. 14, Hannover: Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7752-4964-5 , pp. 37–52
  4. ^ Hugo Thielen: WEBER, (1) Rudolf. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 377


personal data
SURNAME Tramm, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician and administrative officer
DATE OF BIRTH March 13, 1854
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1932
Place of death Hanover