Oschersleben (Bode)
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Coordinates: 52 ° 2 ′ N , 11 ° 14 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony-Anhalt | |
| County : | Börde | |
| Height : | 85 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 188.92 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 19,483 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 103 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 39387 | |
| Primaries : | 03949, 039408, 039407 | |
| License plate : | BK , BÖ, HDL, OC, OK, WMS, WZL | |
| Community key : | 15 0 83 415 | |
| LOCODE : | DE OLN | |
| NUTS : | DEE07 | |
| Association administration address: | Markt 1 39387 Oschersleben (Bode) |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Benjamin Kanngießer ( independent ) | |
| Location of the city of Oschersleben (Bode) in the Börde district | ||
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With 19,953 inhabitants (as of March 2019), Oschersleben (Bode) is the most populous city in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt .
The city lies in the middle of the Magdeburger Börde and was strongly influenced by agriculture by the surrounding fertile black earth soils. The city's history spans more than 1000 years.
Oschersleben is known for the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben , built in 1997 . The racetrack, on which many national and international races have already been held, is one of five permanent racetracks in Germany.
geography
Oschersleben is located in the Magdeburg Börde , approx. 35 km southwest of Magdeburg . Here the Große Graben , which is fed by the Schöninger Aue and the Hohlebach , flows into the Bode , which reaches the northernmost point in Oschersleben. This area is known as the Great Break due to the extent of the water network.
geology
Geologically, the city is located in the Central German Bruchschollenland . Looking more closely, Oschersleben is located on the Oschersleben-Bernburger plaice in the Subhercynian Depression . On the surface you can find rocks of the Keuper with poorly permeable clay and silt stones. This floe is bounded by the Allertal fault and the Lappwald, in the west by the Asse, in the east by the Halle volcanic complex and in the south by the Harz.
Oschersleben is also on the edge of the Oschersleben-Egeln-Staßfurt salt saddle . Because of the occurrence of lignite in the edge area of the saddle, opencast mines were operated in the districts of Hornhausen, Jakobsberg, Neindorf and Klein Oschersleben in the past . All pits in this area have now been backfilled.
Quaternary gravel from the Cold Age is present in the Bode valley. The groundwater is only a short distance from the surface.
Black earth is a widespread soil type in the city's catchment area. This fertile soil has shaped the city for centuries in a strong agricultural way.
climate
The city lies in the moderate climatic zone and in the rain shadow of the Harz Mountains. The long-term average fall in this area is 489 millimeters per year. Most of the precipitation falls in June with an average of around 58 millimeters. The lowest amount of precipitation falls in February with 28 millimeters.
City structure
Districts of the city are:
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Residential places in the city are:
- At the train station
- Jakobsberg settlement
On July 1, 2014, the new municipal constitutional law of the state of Saxony-Anhalt came into force. In its §14 (2) the municipalities are given the opportunity to assign this designation to the districts that were towns before the incorporation. The city of Oschersleben (Bode) has made use of this regulation. The current version of its main statutes came into force on July 8, 2017. In §1 the districts and in §14 (1) the localities are listed with their official names.
history
Middle Ages and Modern Times
Oschersleben was allegedly mentioned in 814 in the foundation letters of Emperor Ludwig the Pious under the name Oscheresleve in the Harzgau , but no original documents are currently available. The document of Louis the Pious dated September 2, 814, in which reference is made to a foundation by Charlemagne , is a forgery from the 12th century.
On November 23, 994, Oschersleben was documented for the first time in a document from King Otto III. In which it Quedlinburg the market rights granted mentioned as northern limit of its range: "palus qua ex Oscheresleuo tenditur usque Hornaburch (the sump of which Oschersleben to Hornburg expands)". The 1000th anniversary was celebrated on this occasion in 1994.
On October 27, 1010, Oskeresleuo was the exhibition site of an important royal document , in which Heinrich II took the episcopal church of Brandenburg under his protection and gave Bishop Wigo (1004-1017 / 19) and his successors the freedom to choose the bailiffs and the right of disposal assured about the tithe from the Havelland and all provinces of the diocese.
On January 17, 1052, the counties of Count Bernhard in the Harzgau, Derlingau , North Thuringia and Balsamgau - and thus also Oschersleben - came through a gift from Salier Heinrich III. (HRR) to the expansive Diocese of Halberstadt .
The then only fourteen-year-old Salier Heinrich IV “gave” the important imperial Abbey Corvey to the Archdiocese of Bremen on September 6th 1065 in Osckerslevo under the tutelage of his sole regent, Bishop Adalbert von Bremen .
In the 12th century, Oschersleben was owned by the Count Palatine of Sommerschenburg. Later in 1207, Oschersleben was assigned to the Halberstadt diocese and then transferred several times to the Magdeburg diocese. In 1339 the town became the property of the Counts of Reinstein. In 1399 ownership changed back to the two noble families of Veltheim and von Wenden. Another change of ownership took place in 1484, when the city was assigned to the von Hoym and the Asseburgers . Only in 1545 did Oschersleben return to the Halberstadt diocese.
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There is no document stating when Oschersleben received town or market rights. However, in 1235 the inhabitants were referred to as "Burgenses" (citizens). The fortifications were mentioned from the 15th century.
Ecclesiastically, the city always belonged to the Diocese of Halberstadt , was the seat of an archdeaconate and carried out the Reformation in 1540 .
The original village settlement was close to the break to the west and south-west of the later fortified city and is called the "old village" or antiqua villa in documents. The term old village was later retained for the western suburb and is used as a street name up to our time. The Stephanskirche, allegedly founded by Bishop Hildegrim in 806, was located in this old village settlement .
To the south-east of the old village, very close to the Bruch in the south, was the old Oschersleben Castle , which was probably built in the early 12th century. It was fortified with walls and moats and originally had its entrance from the dam. The castle was rebuilt in 1545 and expanded to the north towards the city. Since the transition to Brandenburg (1648) it was electoral, from 1701 royal domain, which passed into private hands in the second half of the 19th century.
The city was laid out in the 12th century to the northeast of these older parts of the settlement. It had an area of about 450 × 450 m. The west side was straight, the others curved in a horseshoe shape. The road network was completely regular, especially to the east. The rectangular market , which is bordered by the town hall in the north and the Nikolaikirche in the south, forms the centerpiece to this day .
There is no verified information about the construction of the city fortifications. The city must have been fortified before 1235 - later with a wall, double ramparts and a moat. The course of the city wall is still clearly visible today. Originally there were the Magdeburger Tor in the east, the Hornhäuser or Oldendorpsche Tor in the west, the Halberstädter Tor in the south and the New Tor in the north at the city entrances. The fortifications at the gates have been leveled since 1700, as has the city moat, which has been converted into gardens. The city did not expand until the 19th century, especially to the north and west.
In the 17th century, parts of Oschersleben fell victim to fires. After the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the city became part of Brandenburg-Prussia . After the territorial reorganization of the Congress of Vienna , it became a district town on July 1, 1816 . Until 1859 the seat of the district administration was in Schwanebeck .
Towards the middle of the 19th century, the rapidly developing beet sugar industry caused a large influx of internal migrants to Oschersleben; until then, agriculture and cattle breeding had been the main livelihoods of the city's population. The first sugar factory was opened in 1840 . The machine factory and iron foundry C. Bartels Söhne was established as a further economic factor in the city in 1846 , followed by several brick factories, in 1861 a sausage and meat factory, and in 1869 a malt factory. The district court of Oschersleben was built around 1890 .
Oschersleben was the district town of the district of Oschersleben (Bode) , from 1952 district of Oschersleben , from 1990 to 1994 district of Oschersleben , from 1994 to 2007 of the Börde district , since July 1, 2007 part of the district of Börde.
railroad
The Magdeburg-Halberstadt Railway Company opened the first section of its Magdeburg – Thale line on July 15, 1843 from Magdeburg via Oschersleben to Halberstadt . At the same time, the Ducal Braunschweig State Railroad built the main line from Oschersleben to Wolfenbüttel . Together with other routes, the first continuously passable railway connection between Berlin and the Ruhr area was created via Oschersleben . The Jerxheim – Börßum line, completed in 1868, shortened the connection to the small Kreiensen railway junction . The railway required a large number of workers for construction and operation and brought further economic growth.
AGO aircraft works
During the First World War , a plant owned by the Munich stock corporation Gustav Otto was located in Oschersleben , which manufactured parts for aircraft manufacturers, but had to cease operations after the end of the war. In the 1920s the Sudenburger Maschinenfabrik und Eisengießerei AG had a branch there, which went bankrupt in 1930.
After the seizure of the Nazi Party emerged in the wake of the Wehrmacht rearmament under the code name Apparatebau GmbH Oschersleben (later AGO Flugzeugwerke a work for) on the site under license of aircraft for the Air Force .
The first machines there were still biplanes : 36 Arado Ar 65 , 197 Arado Ar 66 trainer aircraft and 77 Heinkel He 51 . This was followed by 140 Henschel Hs 123 dive combat aircraft , with which the all-metal construction was also introduced at AGO, as well as 241 Gotha Go 145 and 223 Arado Ar 96 training aircraft . The production of the reconnaissance aircraft Henschel Hs 126 ended in May 1941 with the delivery of the last of a total of 380 machines built. Between March 1937 and the same month of the following year, 121 Focke-Wulf Fw 44 training aircraft also left the AGO workshops. At the beginning of 1938, the first modern Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter aircraft came into production, initially in the Bf 109 D (128 units), then E (80 machines) and F (380 units), until finally from October 1941 the Focke Wulf Fw 190 in their continuously improved versions formed the main part of the production. 3,454 Fw 190s left the factory by the end of January 1945.
During the Second World War , several hundred prisoners of war and people abducted from the countries occupied by the Wehrmacht had to do forced labor at AGO in Oschersleben . At least 71 people lost their lives, many to bombs.
Because of the important aircraft factory, the city was a target of American air raids six times from July 1943 to June 1944 during the aerial warfare of the Second World War . 148 people were killed, 300 injured and thousands homeless.
At the end of the war in early May 1945, the plant showed severe damage; 80% of it was destroyed. This was followed by dismantling and transporting everything that could still be used to the USSR, especially from the branch plants in Hadmersleben and Bleiche. By 1947 the remains of the factory buildings were blown up by Soviet soldiers and in 1950 the company was deleted from the commercial register. The Motorsport Arena Oschersleben is now located on the former AGO site .
Incorporations
The incorporations took place in 1950 (three communities), 1999 (Hordorf), 2002 (Beckendorf-Neindorf), 2003 (five communities), 2009 (three communities) and 2010 (two communities).
| Former parish | date | annotation |
|---|---|---|
| Alikendorf | 01/01/2003 | |
| Old fire life | 07/01/2009 | |
| Ampfurth | 01/18/2003 | |
| To live differently | 07/01/1950 | |
| Beckendorf-Neindorf | 03/01/2002 | |
| Emmeringen | 07/01/1950 | |
| Great Germersleben | 01/01/2003 | |
| Hadmersleben | 09/01/2010 | |
| Hordorf | 01/01/1999 | |
| Hornhausen | 07/01/2009 | |
| Small life | 01/01/2003 | |
| Little Oschersleben | 01/01/2003 | |
| Neubrandsleben | 07/01/1950 | |
| Peseckendorf | 01/01/2010 | |
| Schermcke | 07/01/1950 06/30/1990 07/01/2009 |
Incorporation to Ampfurth, outsourcing from Ampfurth, incorporation to Oschersleben (Bode) |
Population development
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In 2012 the city had about 20,000 inhabitants
Development of the population (from 1960 December 31) :
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politics
City council
The election to the city council on May 26, 2019 led to the following election results and the resulting distribution of seats in the Council of Oschersleben for the 2019-2024 election period compared to the previous election period:
| Party / list |
Share of votes election 2019 |
Seats 2019 |
Share of votes 2014 election |
Seats 2014 |
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| CDU | 24.1% | 7th | 31.7% | 11 | |
| SPD | 20.8% | 6th | 31.9% | 12 | |
| AfD | 12.4% | 3 | - | - | |
| left | 10.9% | 3 | 15.5% | 6th | |
| Green | 3.1% | 1 | 1.6% | 1 | |
| FDP | 2.3% | 1 | 1.6% | 0 | |
| FUWG-OC / OT | 19.5% | 5 | 14.3% | 5 | |
| We for Emmeringen | 3.6% | 1 | 1.6% | 1 | |
| Individual applicants | 3.2% | 1 | - | - | |
| voter turnout | 49.1% | 40.1% | |||
Benjamin Kanngießer (independent) has been the mayor since June 27, 2015.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on August 18, 1995 by the Magdeburg Regional Council.
Blazon : “Split of red and silver, in front two diagonally crossed silver keys with the beard facing upwards and outwards; in the back on a green three-mountain three green reed stalks with black cobs. "
Town twinning
Oschersleben is twinned with Schöningen in Lower Saxony, only 23 kilometers to the northwest .
Culture and sights
Buildings
The town's architectural monuments are entered in Oschersleben's list of monuments.
Some of the remains of Oschersleben Castle have been preserved. Other historical buildings are the baroque town hall Oschersleben from 1691, the neo-Gothic Protestant Nikolaikirche from 1881, whose late Gothic west building with two towers was built around 1400, and the Catholic Church of St. Mary, built between 1867 and 1869, with a plague cross (14th century) and a halo Madonna (15th century ). The New Apostolic Church is more recent.
To the east of the city is the ruined tower of the Peseckendorfer Warte in an open field .
Stephan Walter's Sower (1914), who barely escaped a smelting operation in World War II, is now a landmark of the city. It is sold to tourists as a small copy. It symbolizes the fertile soil of the Börde. With the Wiesenpark Oschersleben , the city has a zoo.
Memorials
- OdF memorial in Hermann-Krebs-Strasse for the victims of fascism , converted after 1990 for victims of war and tyranny.
- Hornhäuser Straße cemetery : In the middle of the cemetery there is a grave with civilian victims of a bomb attack on January 11, 1944
- Graves in the municipal cemetery for the 47 prisoners of war, most of whom are known by name, as well as women and men who perished in forced labor in Oschersleben during the Second World War
- Soviet cemetery of honor on Friedrichstrasse and the corner of Schermcker Strasse for 18 Red Army soldiers who died and for 24 presumed prisoners of war from several countries who were also victims of forced labor
- In the cemetery of the Groß Germersleben district are the graves of a female forced laborer known by name and three unknown Soviet forced laborers who were abducted to Germany during the Second World War and were victims of forced labor.
Sports
The largest sports club at the moment is Oscherslebener SC 1990 . This association was founded after the reunification of Motor / Vorwärts Oschersleben. In addition to soccer, he offers various other sports such as basketball, volleyball, table tennis and bowling.
In 1997, a 3.7 km long permanent motorsport racetrack was opened in the eastern part of the city of Oschersleben. The Motorsport Arena Oschersleben offers not only the economic aspect, but also a supra-regional attraction for motorsport fans. There are z. B. DTM and WTCC races. In order to make the races more attractive for spectators, the first corner was slowed down in 2007 and an additional overtaking option was added. This should lead to more exciting battles for positions. The world's largest meeting of Opel fans takes place every year in the Motorsport Arena . In 2010 over 65,000 visitors came with almost 20,000 vehicles.
Economy and Infrastructure
Companies
In the GDR , Oschersleben was heavily influenced by agriculture in the Börderegion, but some industrial companies also settled there. This also included a pump factory that still exists today. The Bördekreis formed with the district reform in 1994 (consisting of the old districts of Wanzleben and Oschersleben ) merged on July 1, 2007 with the Ohrekreis to form the Börde district , based in Haldensleben . Oschersleben thus lost the status of a district town.
The hospital, which was founded in 1894, merged in 1996 with the district hospital of the old district of Wanzleben to form the Bördeklinik. The new building in the Neindorf district was opened in 2002, and the clinic was privatized in 2006. In 2014, the Bördeklinik, a regular provider with around 200 beds, came under the sponsorship of the Helios Kliniken .
As the first company to settle in Oschersleben after reunification , Kebotherm GmbH & Co.KG began producing windows and doors in a plant on Anderslebener Strasse in 1991, followed in 1997 by a second plant on Pfefferbach.
In 1992, Agrarfrost built a potato processing plant for the production of French fries and potato chips . The plant processes over 140,000 tons of potatoes annually.
In July 1997, the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben was inaugurated as a multifunctional racing track on the eastern edge of the city. With the attached commercial area as well as an integrated hotel and the campsite, new jobs could be created.
traffic
Street
The federal highway 246 runs through Oschersleben . This part of the main road begins in Neuwegersleben on the B245 and then heads east to the B246a in Wanzleben. Furthermore, the urban area is crossed by the L24 road in a north-south direction. The urban area is connected to the federal highway 2 via the L24 running to the north and to the federal highway 14 via the B246 and B246a in an easterly direction .
railroad
Oschersleben is on the Magdeburg – Thale railway line , on which regional express trains run every hour and regional trains run by Abellio Rail Central Germany every two hours . In addition, Oschersleben was the starting point for the Oschersleben – Schöningen railway and the Oschersleben – Wolfenbüttel railway . These two routes have now been closed .
In the urban area of Oschersleben, the railway line and the B 246 have been crossing level since 2017. Three level crossings were replaced by the underpass.
Bus transport
The public transport system is, among other things by the PLUSBUS of the country's network of Saxony-Anhalt provided. The following connections lead from Oschersleben:
- Line 600: Oschersleben ↔ Seehausen ↔ Dreileben ↔ Rottmersleben ↔ Haldensleben
- Line 603: Oschersleben ↔ Klein Wanzleben ↔ Wanzleben ↔ Hohendodeleben ↔ Magdeburg
The BördeBus Verkehrsgesellschaft operates bus transport in the Börde district .
Personalities
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt, population of the municipalities - as of December 31, 2019 (PDF) (update) ( help ).
- ↑ CF Zincken: The brown coal and its use 1867, pp. 695–702. [1]
- ↑ Local constitution law of the state in the version of July 1, 2014
- ↑ Main statutes in the version from 2017
- ↑ a b J. AF Hermes: Historical-geographical-statistical-topographical handbook from the administrative districts of Magdeburg. W. Heinrichshosen, Magdeburg 1842.
- ↑ D LdF 15.
- ↑ Theo Kölzer : The documents of Ludwig the Pious for Halberstadt (BM 2 535) and Visbek (BM 2 702) and a serious misunderstanding. in: Archives for Diplomatics , Volume 58 (2012), pp. 103–124 ( doi: 10.7788 / afd.2012.58.jg.103 ).
- ^ Theo Kölzer : The beginnings of the Saxon dioceses in the Carolingian era. in: Archiv für Diplomatik , Volume 61 (2015), pp. 11–38, here p. 15 ( doi: 10.7788 / afd-2015-0105 ).
- ↑ Saxon State Main Archive to Dresden, Orig. Document No. 8 (A). See RI II, 3 n. 1125, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/0994-11-23_1_0_2_3_0_581_1125 (accessed on December 1, 2017).
- ↑ Data VI cal. novemb. indictione VIIII, anno dominacae incarnationis millesimo X, anno vero domni secundi heinrici regnantis VIIII; actum publice Oskeresleuo ; feliciter amen. MG. DD. 3, 259 no.223.
- ↑ Qualiter nos ... ecclesiam Brandeburgensem in honore beatissimi Petri apostolorum principis fundatum sub nostri mundiburdii defensione suscepimus, concedentes eiusdem ecclesię episcopo Wigoni suisque successoribus, ut habeant eandem libertatem, ut habeant eandem libertatem, quam episcopi Saxotoocendoicet oportunum fuerit, habeantque liberam facultatem de decimis sui episcopatus, in provincia scilicet Heveldon et in aliis provinciis ubicumque parrochia eiusdem episcopatus est, sicut sui antecessores tenuerunt, faciendi ad utilitatem supra dictinum contrae ecclesięad quicqui tota contrae ecclesięad quicquidota remiction omnota. RI II, 4 n. 1736, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1010-10-27_1_0_2_4_1_447_1736 (accessed on December 1, 2017).
- ^ Certificate dated January 17, 1052, issued in Hasselfelde : [RIplus] Regg. Henry III. n. 281, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/a9d0a2c9-662e-40ba-8953-5f8bb8c19a8f (accessed December 1, 2017).
- ↑ abbatiam Chorbeia. . . in pago Angera in ducatu Ottonis ducis sitam cum omnibus appendiciis. . . omnique utilitate. . . in proprium dedimus atque tradidimus. - Sigehardus canc. vice Sigefridi archicanc. - RI III, 2,3 n. 414, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1065-09-09_1_0_3_2_3_414_414 (accessed on December 1, 2017). - In 1066 Adalbert von Bremen was overthrown because he had used the power to enrich his church from crown property.
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 2nd to December 31st, 2009
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 01 to December 31, 2010
- ^ Database census 2011, Oschersleben (Bode), city, age + gender
- ↑ Oschersleben - City Council Election Results 2019, Preliminary Results and State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt, 2014 Election Results , accessed on October 31, 2019
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ History of the Agrarfrost company. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012 ; accessed in 2009 .
- ↑ Landesverwaltungsamt Sachsen-Anhalt press release no .: 107/09 ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Construction project Oschersleben railway overpass | BauInfoPortal of Deutsche Bahn. Retrieved July 14, 2017 .
