Harbke
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 52 ° 11 ' N , 11 ° 3' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony-Anhalt | |
| County : | Börde | |
| Association municipality : | Upper all | |
| Height : | 137 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 18.92 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1750 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 92 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 39365 | |
| Area code : | 039406 | |
| License plate : | BK , BÖ, HDL, OC, OK, WMS, WZL | |
| Community key : | 15 0 83 275 | |
| LOCODE : | DE HKE | |
| Association administration address: | Zimmermannplatz 2 39365 Eilsleben |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Werner Müller | |
| Location of the community Harbke in the district of Börde | ||
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Harbke is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt .
geography
location
The municipality of Harbke lies directly on the state border with Lower Saxony . It is located in the East Lappwald a few kilometers south of the Lower Saxony district town of Helmstedt . The city of Oschersleben is about 20 km to the southeast. The federal highway 245a runs through the village . The Lappwaldsee in the northwest is partly part of the municipality.
Community structure
The following districts are identified:
- Harbke Autobahn
history
From the 11th to the 19th century
Harbke was first mentioned in a document in 1040 and changed its name from "Hartbike", "Hartbeke" and "Harpke" to today's Harbke (har = forest; bek = brook). In 1308 Bertram and Ludolf took over from Veltheim the manorial system in place, thus establishing a lineage that was the next 637 years determinative. Under her rule, Harbke Castle , the church, the castle park with the adjoining pleasure forest and many half-timbered buildings that are still preserved today were built.
In 1572 the Upper Castle and Parish Church of St. Levin was built. In memory of the builder, it was decorated with an epitaph that shows Achaz von Veltheim and his wife, Margarete von Saldern , with 32 ancestral coats of arms. The tower was added in 1719.
In 1731 all farm buildings of the manor (the former moated castle), with the exception of the living area of the castle, were destroyed by a large fire. The reconstruction was carried out from 1751 to 1759 by the Brunswick-Wolfenbütteler ducal agricultural master Martin Peltier de Belfort . In 1744 the first plantings began in the Harbker Schlosspark, which later became well known under the botanist Johann Philipp du Roi . Alexander von Humboldt visited the facility in the spring of 1789.
In 1791 Harbke became a scene of the student unrest at the University of Helmstedt . In a conflict with the craftsmen of the city of Helmstedt and the university management, about a hundred students left the university town on February 17th and after moving out they took up quarters in Harbke for two weeks. The mediation talks that led to the return of the students to Helmstedt on March 2, 1791 also took place there.
On the occasion of a visit in 1805 to the Helmstedt university professor and “miracle man” Gottfried Christoph Beireis , the family doctor for von Veltheim, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was introduced to Harbke Castle. In 1842, at the instigation of Count Röttger von Veltheim, the first brown coal mine was sunk in Harbke. This laid the foundation for almost 150 years of the lignite industry in the Helmstedt district in and around Harbke. Last but not least, Harbke was considered to be the main area of the robber captain Rose ("Take the Riecken, the poor jew ick't").
At the entrance to the landscape park is the Protestant Church of St. Levin, built in 1572, with a historically valuable Fritzsche-Treutmann organ from 1622/1728, which is 95% in its original state. The park itself contains rare trees, including Germany's oldest ginkgo , which was planted in 1758 and consists of two male parts that have grown together in the trunk; with a female branch sitting on the rear trunk. The castle fell into disrepair after 1945 and is now in ruins. The castle park is part of the Garden Dreams Saxony-Anhalt project and was largely reconstructed in 2007.
The orangery, built in neo-Gothic style in 1830/31, shared the fate of the palace. For several years now, it has been restored by the local monument association and has been home to an excursion café from spring to autumn since 2007. Nearby is the “Chinese Wall” with a sculpture of the Roman goddess of the tree fruits Pomona . Visitors will find this and more along the “Ginkgo-Patt” (tour through the village marked with the ginkgo leaf), which leads to the magnificent building of the “Gray Courtyard”, which was built around 1600 and served as a court for the manor and today houses the Harbker museum rooms. Its chunky and ornate oak beams are worth seeing.
Since the 20th century
In 1909 the Harbke power plant was put into operation. In 1990 it was shut down and later demolished.
On September 30, 1928, the main part of the Harbke manor was combined with the Harbke rural community (main part). A small part came to the rural community of Beendorf.
In 1936 Wulfersdorf was incorporated into Harbke, but a few years later the village fell victim to open-cast lignite mining and was demolished.
From 1945 to 1990, the inner German border was only about two kilometers away from Harbke . In 1949, the autobahn district with barracks and service buildings, a cultural center, a cinema and a restaurant was built to accommodate the state employees working at the border and the border crossing and their families . This area could only be entered with a special permit. On May 26, 1952, the border was completely sealed off by the People's Police , which had a significant negative impact on the Harbker economy. As a result, some of the miners from the Harbke area were relocated to the Saxon lignite area in the summer of 1952 .
From 1978 to 1986 lignite was again mined in the border area due to special contracts with the Federal Republic, see Wulfersdorf opencast mine .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1973 | 2,450 |
| December 31, 2003 | 1,955 |
| December 31, 2004 | 1.932 |
| December 31, 2005 | 1,856 |
| December 31, 2006 | 1,878 |
| December 31, 2007 | 1,785 |
| December 31, 2008 | 1,801 |
(Sources: State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt)
politics
mayor
In June 2009 Werner Müller was elected as the new mayor, he was confirmed in office in 2016.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on November 24, 1997 by the Magdeburg Regional Council.
Blazon : “Quartered; Field 1: in silver a sloping, mutilated, red linden branch with a knot (above) and two leaves (1: 1); Field 2: in gold, a black bar covered with two silver threads; Field 3: in blue two rising golden ears of wheat connected at the stems; Field 4: in silver a crossed black miner's teeth. "
The colors of the community are red and silver (white).
The branch corresponds to the family coat of arms of the Lords of Veltheim as owners of Harbke, the ears of corn refer to the agriculture in the region. Mallets and irons represent the mining industry, which was operated until 1990. The black and white stripes mark the two lines of the von Veltheim family, whose work Harbke shaped over centuries.
flag
The flag is striped red and white with the coat of arms of the municipality.
Religions and sacred buildings
The 2011 census in the European Union showed that the vast majority of the Harbker population does not belong to any religious community. About ten percent belonged to the Protestant and about four percent to the Roman Catholic Church.
The Evangelical Church of St. Levin , named after Lebuin , is located on Goethestrasse (see also History and Harbke Castle ). It was built in 1572 on the foundation walls of the previous church that had been demolished, and a bell tower was added in 1718/19.
The Catholic Church of St. Joseph is named after Joseph of Nazareth . It was built in 1913 and is located on the Thymiansberg. Today the church belongs to the parish of St. Marien , based in Oschersleben, but has only rarely been used for church services since 2011. The nearest Catholic churches with regular Sunday services are 6 km away in Helmstedt and Sommerschenburg.
Other structures
1848-1858 was the desire forest by Count Werner von Veltheim - the father of Werner von Veltheim - the 15-meter-high "tower ruin". It stands on a mountain spur, was restored in 2004 and 2019 and has been clearly visible from the level of the castle park since 2018 through a visual axis .
The cultural monuments located in the municipality are entered in the local register of monuments.
Sons and daughters of the church
- August von Veltheim (1741–1801), mineralogist
- Röttger von Veltheim (1781–1848), landlord and private scholar
- Friedrich Reuter (1801–1872), chief forester in the service of the von Jagow family
- Wilhelm Schrader (1817–1907), classical philologist
- Werner von Saldern (1852–1930), Prussian district administrator, member of the Reichstag
- Paul Z'dun (1904–1981), "strange cyclist"
Web links
- Braunschweig tours: Harbke
- Article about the ginkgo tree and St. Levin in Harbke at Monumente Online
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt, population of the municipalities - as of December 31, 2019 (PDF) (update) ( help ).
- ^ Braunschweig tours: Harbke
- ↑ Ilse Jahn and Fritz K. Lange (eds.): The youth letters of Alexander von Humboldt, 1787–1799 . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973, p. 54 .
- ↑ Stefan Brüdermann : The Göttingen student excerpt 1790. Craftsmen's honor and academic freedom . Wallstein, Göttingen 1991, ISBN 3-89244-020-4 , p. 51 .
- ^ Georg Objartel: Language and way of life of German students in the 18th and 19th centuries . de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-045399-7 , p. 29 .
- ↑ Administrative region of Magdeburg (Ed.): Official Gazette of the Government of Magdeburg . 1928, ZDB -ID 3766-7 , p. 226 .
- ↑ Internet presence of the Harbke community on the Autobahn district , accessed on October 20, 2017
- ↑ Heinz Pohlendt: The district Helmstedt. Bremen-Horn 1957, pp. 85, 182.
- ^ Local lexicon of the GDR. Compiled and edited by Heinz Adomeit. Staatsverlag der DDR, Berlin 1974, p. 167
- ↑ http://www.stala.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bm16/erg/gem/bm.15083275.20160313.ergtab.dr.html
- ↑ http://www.kirchspiel-hoetensleben.de/html/harb/harbkehome.htm
- ↑ Silent place of worship. www.volksstimme.de, accessed on September 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Tower ruins. gemeinde-harbke.de, accessed on March 15, 2020
- ↑ Ronny Schoof: The tower ruin is an eye-catcher again. Volksstimme from February 21, 2018, accessed on March 15, 2020
- ↑ Maria Lüer: From the tower ruin to a place of culture. neue-helmstedter.de from May 31, 2019, accessed on March 15, 2020