Schöningen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 52 ° 8 ' N , 10 ° 58' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Helmstedt | |
| Height : | 126 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 35.36 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 11,212 (Dec 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 317 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 38364 | |
| Area code : | 05352 | |
| License plate : | HE | |
| Community key : | 03 1 54 019 | |
| LOCODE : | DE 73U | |
| City structure: | 3 districts | |
City administration address : |
Markt 1 38364 Schöningen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Malte Schneider (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Schöningen in the Helmstedt district | ||
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Schöningen is a town in the Helmstedt district on the Elm ridge . It is located about eleven kilometers southwest of the Lower Saxony district town of Helmstedt on the border with Saxony-Anhalt .
City structure
Schöningen is divided into three districts:
- Core city
- Esbeck
- Hoiersdorf
history
Early humans were already in the area around Schöningen during the Paleolithic Age . During excavations in the former Schöningen opencast mine in 1994, the more than 300,000 year old “ Schöningen spears ” were found. The throwing devices are the oldest fully preserved hunting weapons, which are important evidence of the active hunting of Homo heidelbergensis . The excavations in the Schöningen opencast mine that have continued since then led to further significant discoveries, such as the discovery of the Schöningen throwing stick as the oldest specimen worldwide, the discovery of the forest elephant from Schöningen and the discovery of several saber-toothed cats .
Continuous settlement can be demonstrated for the town of Schöningen, which gained special importance because of its salt deposits, since the birth of Christ. It was the royal court in Carolingian times, was first mentioned in a document together with Ohrum in 747 as "Scahaningi" and is therefore the oldest place in the former Duchy of Braunschweig . The Schöningen saltworks already existed here back then . Both Pippin the Younger and Charlemagne entered Schöningen on their campaigns. In 994 and 995, King Otto III also held. , whose chancellor Archbishop Willigis von Mainz is said to have been born in Schöningen, several times at court here. Several noble families had their seat on the Elmrand and in the 13th century the German Knight Order was given the Elmsburg , located in the Elm near Schöningen . The noblemen of Warberg were imperial and subordinate only to the king. When the sex became impoverished in feuds, they gave up their possessions to the Guelphs as fiefs . As early as 1347, the Guelphs had built a strong fortification with Schöningen Castle to protect their eastern border.
From 1949 to 1989 Schöningen was on the edge of the zone , right on the inner-German border . The pedestrian zone was opened in 1976 . In 1989 Der Spiegel reported on an NSA listening station . On November 19, 1989, in the course of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the border was opened and the road to the neighboring town of Hötensleben with the bridge over the Schöninger Aue was opened.
In 1997, Schöningen hosted the Braunschweigische Landschaft cultural festival .
Postal history
Incorporations
On April 1, 1971, a large part of the area was incorporated into the dissolved municipality of Alversdorf . On March 1, 1974, Esbeck and Hoiersdorf were added.
Religions
The Evangelical Lutheran parishes with the churches Clus on Helmstedter Straße, St. Lorenz an der Kloster Freiheit (see “Monastery and Church of St. Lorenz”) and St. Vincenz next to the town hall belong to the Propstei Helmstedt. There are further Evangelical Lutheran churches in the districts of Esbeck and Hoiersdorf.
The Catholic Church Maria Hilfe der Christians , also known colloquially as St. Marien for short , is located on Anna-Sophien-Straße. The church, built in 1907/08 by Maximilian Jagielski , is today one of the oldest churches in the Wolfsburg-Helmstedt deanery . Today the parish also includes the Catholic churches in Jerxheim and Neu Büddenstedt .
The Christ Church on Helmstedter Strasse, built in 1985, belongs to the Evangelical Free Church of Schöningen ( Baptists ). The community belongs to the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany.
There is a New Apostolic Church on Danziger Strasse. From 1908 on, the parish was formed and today it belongs to the Braunschweig church district. In the 1960s the first church was built on Kampweg, in the 1980s today's church.
The Jehovah's Witnesses are also represented in Schöningen.
politics
City council
The City Council of Schöningen has 30 council members. The distribution of seats since the last local election on September 11, 2016 is as follows:
| Parties and constituencies | % 2011 |
Seats 2011 |
% 2006 |
Seats 2006 |
%
2016 |
Seats
2016 |
|
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 57.73 | 17th | 52.81 | 16 | 39.38 | 11 |
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 28.25 | 9 | 29.78 | 9 | 34.64 | 10 |
| FDP | Free Democratic Party | 1.02 | - | 4.13 | 1 | 1.99 | - |
| GREEN | Alliance 90 / The Greens | 4.90 | 2 | 3.82 | 1 | 6.09 | 2 |
| UWG | Independent voter community | 8.08 | 2 | 9.44 | 3 | 10.04 | 3 |
| TARGET | Elm-Lappwald Future Initiative | - | - | - | - | 5.00 | 1 |
| Single applicant Schliephake | - | - | - | - | 2.08 | 1 | |
| Black individual applicants | - | - | - | - | 0.78 | - | |
| total | 100 | 30th | 100 | 30th | 100 | 28 | |
| Voter turnout in% | 50.22% | 46.66% | 47.92% | ||||
Local councilor Esbeck
In the 2011 local council election in Esbeck , 811 of 1,284 people eligible to vote cast their votes. The turnout was 65.81%.
- SPD (50.69%, 7 seats)
- Greens (5.47%, 1 seats)
- Esbeck voter community (43.83%, 5 seats)
Election 2016:
- SPD: 4 seats
- B90 / Greens: 1 seat
- EW: 8 seats
Local councilor Hoiersdorf
In the 2011 local council elections in Hoiersdorf , 410 out of 700 people eligible to vote cast their votes. The turnout was 59.85%.
- HBL (50.69%, 7 seats)
mayor
In the runoff election for the office of mayor of the city of Schöningen on February 26, 2012, the non-party candidate Henry Bäsecke prevailed against Knut Gödecke with 78.5 percent of the votes cast. Henry Bäsecke was the full-time mayor from March 1, 2012 to February 29, 2020 and thus successor to Matthias Wunderling-Weilbier, who has moved to the office of the district administrator of the Helmstedt district. With the election of November 10, 2019, Malte Schneider (non-party) prevailed with 66.13 percent against his competitor Markus Sobotta (non-party). Schneider took office as Mayor of the City of Schöningen on March 1, 2020. Henry Bäsecke did not run again for reasons of age.
Town twinning
The city of Schöningen has twinned cities with Beni Hassen in Tunisia (since 1955), with Solotschiw in Ukraine (since 1996), with Outokumpu in Finland (since 2000) and with Oschersleben (Bode) in Saxony-Anhalt (since 1990).
Culture and sights
The Schöningen municipal museum, reopened in autumn 1981, is housed in the Renaissance building of the old Anna-Sophianeum Latin school (Markt 33), which was built in 1593 . It gives a good overview of the development of this space since prehistory.
The presumed birthplace of the Archbishop of Mainz Willigis (* approx. 940; † 1011) was in the Salzstrasse in the city center. The Mainz city arms are said to go back to him. A memorial plaque on the house standing there today, the oldest surviving Schöningen from 1568, indicates this event.
In 2004 a rope-making museum was set up in the gate house of Schöningen Castle . This museum referred to a tradition of over 200 years in Schöningen. There you could see exhibits and rope making tools from earlier times. The rope making museum is now closed.
For a tourism campaign and to better represent oneself, the slogan "Schön, Schöner, Schöningen" was used for a long time. In Schöningen and its surroundings, such as B. Esbeck, a variant of Low German was still spoken by many older residents , but it can now hardly be heard, which is also due to the extensive immigration after the Second World War.
lock
The castle construction goes back to the Guelph Duke Magnus , who had a hunting castle built here around 1350 . It also served as a border fortress to the areas of the bishops of Halberstadt and Magdeburg. The facility was damaged when the Schmalkaldic League went into a religious war against Duke Heinrich the Younger . The castle was later converted into a residential building and served three Brunswick duchesses, Sophia Jagiellonica (Sophie Jagiello), Elisabeth of Denmark and Anna Sophia of Brandenburg , as a widow's seat between 1568 and 1659 . Anna's sister Katharina von Brandenburg lived and died here around 1644 . The palace complex was one of the most magnificent buildings near the Elm . It was often used by the Guelph Dukes with their residence in Wolfenbüttel and their entourage as accommodation for driven hunts in the Elm. During a hunt, they are said to have moved into the Elm with 3000 drivers. On January 25, 1681 Elisabeth Eleanor of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel married Duke Bernhard I of Saxe-Meiningen here . In 1733, the Prussian Crown Prince Friedrich - who later became King Friedrich the Great - stayed here on his journey to his wedding with Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern in Salzdahlum Castle .
St. Lorenz Monastery
The Church of St. Lawrence comes from a 1120 by Bishop Reinhard of Halberstadt as Augustinian canons -Stift founded monastery forth. In the first half of the 15th century the main nave was completely destroyed. A makeshift addition was made in the late Gothic style, in which the two Romanesque east towers received their Gothic tops. The church building has been used by the Evangelical Lutheran community in Schöningen since the secularization of 1648. The building history of the church is not fully known. Archaeological investigations were carried out from 1992 with interruptions until 2003. Foundations were found between Romanesque walls that are of older date. A Carolingian Palatinate, which existed in the 8th century, has long been suspected as an outpost against the Slavs in the east.
Research Museum Schöningen
The museum, located not far from the site of the Schöninger Speere , which was opened as a palaeon in 2013 , is dedicated to interdisciplinary research into the Schöningen sites and the Pleistocene archeology in the former open-cast lignite mine. It presents the original finds in an experience-oriented exhibition. The transparent research and laboratory area as well as an interactive visitor laboratory are intended to link the research and museum areas. Landscape biotopes , including a pasture with wild horses , illustrate typical plant communities of the warm period on the 34- hectare outdoor area . The place is recognized as an extracurricular place of learning .
On July 1, 2019, the palaeon became the responsibility of the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation after losses in the millions .
The old fire station
The 1907 fire station across from the castle has been converted into a coffee roasting facility with a café since 2019. On November 8, 2014, the fire brigade ceremoniously moved into new premises. The old fire brigade had to be abandoned due to lack of space.
Sports
In Schöningen there are several sports clubs that mainly practice popular sports. The best-known clubs are the FC Schöningen 08 , whose first soccer team played in the highest amateur league in Lower Saxony for 13 years, and the Turnclub Schöningen (TC), which is one of the largest local sports clubs. The internationally known formation "Imagination" started successfully for the TC in 2005 in the 1st Bundesliga Jazz and Modern Dance in the German Dance Sports Association and has been internationally successful since 2008.
In addition to the larger Elmstadion, several halls can be used. There is also a swimming pool, the Negenborn bathing center . In the north of the city there is a golf course at the St. Lorenz Monastery .
The MTV Schöningen from 1861 is at 153 years the oldest and largest gymnastics club in the city and one of the oldest sports clubs in the former Duchy of Braunschweig . As a popular sports club with 1036 members (as of June 2014), it offers 26 sports and leisure activities. In addition to the well-known classic sports such as athletics, tennis, gymnastics, gymnastics, dancing, handball, judo, ju-jutsu , cycling and volleyball, there are also health and recreational sports offers . The MTV Schöningen is a sports club certified by the German Gymnastics Federation with the quality index "Pluspunkt Gesundheit" and a recognized sports club for rehabilitation sports. He also offers health and fitness programs. The club has an approximately 1.5 hectare sports facility with four tennis courts, running tracks, long jump facilities, a hard court and a beach volleyball facility, as well as a 150 m² practice room.
media
The popular special-interest print magazine "Neon Zombie - The magazine for fantastic cinema and cinematic pop culture!" Has been published in Schöningen since 2013 and distributed worldwide. The local reporting is taken over by the Braunschweiger Zeitung as well as the Helmstedter Sonntag . The latter is an advertisement-funded weekly newspaper.
Economy and Infrastructure
Public facilities
In 1998, the Helmstedt waste recycling plant was put into operation in the urban area .
Until 1973 Schöningen had its own local court. Since July 1, 1973, it has belonged to the jurisdiction of the Helmstedt District Court .
The Federal Intelligence Service (BND) operates a field office for telecommunications intelligence in Schöningen .
traffic
The city of Schöningen has a connection to the A 2 ( Hanover - Berlin ) via the federal highway 244 in the direction of Helmstedt . Furthermore, the federal highway 82 , which leads through the Harz to the junction Rhüden on the federal highway 7 (Hanover - Kassel ), begins on the outskirts of Schöningen. The German Alps – Baltic Sea holiday route also runs through Schöningen . The station Schöningen was on the railway line Jerxheim-Helmstedt , the railway-Schöningen Braunschweig and the railway Eilsleben-Schöningen , the station Schoningen South over the railway line Oschersleben Schoningen reach. All of these railway lines are closed.
schools
In the city of Schöningen there are secondary levels I and II (elementary, secondary, secondary, grammar school). This includes the Anna-Sophianeum grammar school . The special needs school Comeniusschule has moved to Büddenstedt .
youth hostel
A youth hostel of the German Youth Hostel Association is located west of the city, on the edge of the Elm. The street leading to it is named after Richard Schirrmann , the founder of the German Youth Hostel Association. The first youth hostel was built in Schöningen as early as 1935, and today's hostel was built next to it in 1975. Its official opening was on September 28, 1975. The Elmstübchen restaurant was located in the building of the first hostel for some time .
Personalities
literature
- Christof Römer : Schöningen - the eastern residential town of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (= contributions to the history of the district and the former University of Helmstedt. 5, ISSN 0175-4610 ). District of Helmstedt, Helmstedt 1982.
Web links
- Official homepage of the city of Schöningen
- Schöningen, in the Braunschweig region
- Media portal about Schöningen
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ^ History 1970 to 1979 on the website of the district of Helmstedt , accessed on February 25, 2018
- ↑ NSA: America's Big Ear , Der Spiegel, Issue 8/1989.
- ^ Günter Schwulera (ed.): Hötensleben. History of the place from 1016 to 2006 . Geiger, Horb 2007, ISBN 978-3-86595-224-0 , p. 58.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 271, 272 .
- ^ City of Schöningen: Local elections in the city of Schöningen (election to Schöningen City Council, overall result) , September 11, 2011.
- ^ City of Schöningen: Local election in the city of Schöningen (election to the Schöningen City Council, distribution of seats) , September 11, 2011.
- ↑ http://www.schoeningen.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Bekanntmachung_Erresult_Rat.pdf
- ^ City of Schöningen: Local election in the city of Schöningen (election to the Esbeck local council, overall result) , September 11, 2011.
- ^ City of Schöningen: Local elections in the city of Schöningen (election to the Esbeck local council, allocation of seats) , September 11, 2011.
- ↑ http://www.schoeningen.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Bekanntmachung_Erresult_ORE.pdf
- ^ City of Schöningen: Local elections in the city of Schöningen (election to the local council of Hoiersdorf, overall result) , September 11, 2011.
- ^ City of Schöningen: Local elections in the city of Schöningen (election to the local council of Hoiersdorf, distribution of seats) , September 11, 2011.
- ↑ Markus Brich: Schöninger Seilerei Museum is moving to the port of Hamburg. In: Helmstedter-Nachrichten.de. BZV Medienhaus GmbH, January 14, 2020, accessed on April 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Admire the oldest spears of mankind at ndr.de on May 19, 2020
- ^ District court Helmstedt : From the history of the district court Helmstedt
- ^ History 1970 to 1979 on the website of the district of Helmstedt , accessed on February 25, 2018
Bahrdorf | Beierstedt | Danndorf | Frellstedt | Gevensleben | Grafhorst | Grass life | Groß Twülpstedt | Helmstedt | Jerxheim | Königslutter am Elm | Teaching | Mariental | Querenhorst | Räbke | Rennau | Schöningen | Söllingen | Süpplingen | Süpplingenburg | Velpke | Warberg | Wolsdorf
Municipality-free areas in the Helmstedt
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Schöningen