Saline Schöningen

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Saltworks buildings still preserved

The Schöningen saltworks was a saltworks in the Braunschweiger Land that had existed since the 8th century and operated until 1970. The former ducal saltworks belonged to the Norddeutsche Salinen-GmbH.

Geological map

location

The saline was located at the eastern foot of the Elm , formerly south of the town, now in Schöningen (area between Langer Trift and Salinentrift). To the east ( ⊙ ) and west ( ⊙ ) of the saltworks were the brine boreholes on the Langen Trift and its extension, Oscherslebener Strasse.

history

A 6% brine was obtained from the salt spring , from which vacuum salt was produced. The saline has been documented since the 8th century, but it is possible that salt or brine was extracted here much earlier, 4,000 years ago. Up to the middle of the 18th century, 200 to 300 tons of evaporated salt were boiled in 13 thatched salt cottages per year. In 1749, Duke Carl I had the old boiling huts torn down and replaced with larger ones. A graduation tower was built to enrich the brine . The ducal salt works from then on was called "Carlshall".

At the beginning of the 19th century, the salt works were leased to Heinrich Abich , who in 1825 had a soda , soda and iron vitriol factory built north of the old salt works , and in 1830 a soda soap factory.

In 1840 the production costs were 8 to 9  Rtl . / Quintals of salt, the annual production was 12,000 quintals of evaporated salt. It was fired with a brown / hard coal mixture in a ratio of 9: 1. In addition, brine was delivered to the chemical factory in Schöningen. Two brine wells, one 108 and the other 40  feet (about 33.9 and 12.5 m) deep, delivered about 0.9 cubic feet (about 28 liters) of 5.7% brine per minute. This brine was enriched in the graduation house, the degree of enrichment fluctuating strongly depending on the weather, between 15 and 27%.

At the end of the 19th century, in 1890, the salt works were described as the most important in the Braunschweig region. The brine wells had gone out of use due to insufficient discharge and were replaced by three holes in the rock salt , the first of which had already been made in 1848. This borehole reached a depth of 519 m. The 26% brine was lifted to the surface with an artificial tool , the impact water of which was taken from the Mühlbach, and boiled to salt in three boiling pans with 2 × 74 and one 55 m² area. The annual production was 2000 t (100,000 quintals) of salt.

Since 1902 the saltworks was connected to the Braunschweig-Schöningen Railway , which was given up after the saltworks were closed in 1970.

In 1901 table, cattle and industrial salt were produced.

In 1910 the new “Neuhall” salt works was built, which was the first to use concrete grain pans in Europe . The pans were heated with exhaust steam from the power plant built in 1909 for the planned but ultimately not realized electrification of the Braunschweig-Schöninger and Oschersleben-Schöninger railways. The power plant also served to power the town and the saltworks.

In 1918 the annual production was 22,000 t, 1938 with 19 employees and 191 workers 63,553 t, in 1948 150 to 200 t table salt were produced per day.

Between 1950 and 1953 vacuum systems were built that delivered 80,000 t of evaporated salt. In addition, a further 25,000 t was produced with the conventional boiling pans. In 1965 an own energy supply based on heating oil had to be built because the power station had since been shut down. In 1967 155,000 tons of salt were produced.

Shutdown

Neuhall belonged to the state-owned Niedersachsen GmbH, then came to Preussag and was finally privatized and sold to Norddeutsche Salinen-GmbH. The saltworks closed on August 31, 1970.

A model (diorama) of the salt boiling plant of the Carlshall saltworks in Schöningen is in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

literature

  • Karl Rose: History of the Schöningen salt works . Meyer, Braunschweig 1961.
  • Th. Voges (Hrsg.): Pictures from the country Braunschweig . Julius Zwißler, Wolfenbüttel 1890, 51. The salt works at Schöningen, p. 62–64 ( deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de [accessed July 31, 2017]).
  • Negotiations of the assembly of estates of the Duchy of Braunschweig: 1839/42 . 1839, IV. Consultation on the independent application regarding the equality of salt prices, p. 706–712 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Karl-Heinz Büchner: The consequences of near-surface brine extraction in Lower Saxony . Ed .: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials, and State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology (=  workbooks geology, building ground raw materials ). 2008, ISBN 978-3-510-95971-6 , Die Saline in Schöningen, p. 19–22 ( preview [accessed July 31, 2017]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Schöningen-Süd station as FREMOdul (Sng) - A small outline of the history of Schöningen-Süd station. In: spicher-online.de. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
  2. ^ Topographic map 1: 25000, sheet 3831 Schöningen. In: contentdm.lib.byu.edu. 1950, accessed October 31, 2018 .
  3. ↑ The history of the city of Schöningen - Brine drilling tower on the drilling field 1935. In: schoeninger-markt.de. Retrieved August 1, 2017 .
  4. ^ The history of the city of Schöningen. In: deutscher-gewerbemarkt.de. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
  5. ↑ according to other data in 1747
  6. ^ Schöningen - yesterday and today / Saline 1910. In: schoeninger-markt.de. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Günter Pinzke : The Mallißer brown coal mining: A contribution to the mining history of southwest Mecklenburg . Books on Demand, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7386-9803-9 , pp. 92 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. ↑ German Geological Society (ed.): Journal of the German Geological Society . VII. Volume. Hertz, Berlin 1855, ISBN 978-5-88144-181-4 , pp. 657 ( limited preview in the Google book search - Röper- und Butterbrunnen).
  9. ↑ Ch. Keferstein (Ed.): Teutschland: geognostically and geologically represented and explained with charts and average drawings . tape 2 . Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1822, 41.Schöningen Saline, p. 487 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ^ Negotiations of the assembly of estates of the Duchy of Braunschweig: 1839/42 . 1839, IV. Consultation on the independent application regarding the equality of salt prices, p. 708 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ↑ Technical highlights of southern Lower Saxony. Retrieved August 1, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Th. Voges (ed.): Pictures from the country of Braunschweig . Julius Zwißler, Wolfenbüttel 1890, 51. The salt works at Schöningen, p. 62–64 ( deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de [accessed July 31, 2017]).
  13. ↑ BSE. In: elm-asse-kultur.de. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
  14. ^ Bureau of the Chamber of Commerce for the Duchy of Braunschweig (ed.): The industrial products of the Duchy of Braunschweig and their manufacturing facilities . Braunschweiger Verlag for commercial education and economics, Braunschweig 1901 ( archive.org [PDF; 2.1 MB ; accessed on July 31, 2017]).
  15. ↑ Ludwig Schneider: The waste heat recovery in engine operation: with special consideration of the intermediate and exhaust steam recovery for heating purposes . 3rd illustrated edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1920, ISBN 978-3-662-26373-0 , p. 187 .
  16. ↑ Clara and Antonius Stockmann: The Saline "Gottesgabe" in Rheine. A contribution to the production and marketing of salt in Westphalia . Ed .: Geographical Commission for Westphalia (=  settlement and landscape in Westphalia . No. 25 ). Geographical Commission for Westphalia, Münster 1998, p. 100 ( lwl.org [PDF; accessed October 31, 2018]).
  17. ↑ In Hanover it is “nationalized”. In: zeit.de. September 25, 1958. Retrieved August 1, 2017 .
  18. ^ Edited by Werner Heeg: A visit to the salt mine. (PDF) Accompanying materials for courses in the Deutsches Museum - prepared by teachers. In: deutsches-museum.de. Deutsches Museum München, 2002, p. 4 , accessed on July 31, 2017 . *

Web links

Coordinates: 52 ° 7 ′ 51 ″  N , 10 ° 58 ′ 0.3 ″  E