Ohrum

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Ohrum
Ohrum
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Ohrum highlighted

Coordinates: 52 ° 7 '  N , 10 ° 34'  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Wolfenbüttel
Joint municipality : Oderwald
Height : 82 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.38 km 2
Residents: 626 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 75 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 38312
Area code : 05337
License plate : WF
Community key : 03 1 58 023
Association administration address: Bahnhofstrasse 6
38312 Börßum
Website : www.samtgemeinde-oderwald.de
Mayor : Martin Kokon ( SPD )
Location of the municipality of Ohrum in the Wolfenbüttel district
Sachsen-Anhalt Braunschweig Landkreis Goslar Landkreis Helmstedt Landkreis Hildesheim Landkreis Peine Salzgitter Am Großen Rhode Barnstorf-Warle Voigtsdahlum Voigtsdahlum Baddeckenstedt Börßum Börßum Burgdorf (Landkreis Wolfenbüttel) Cramme Cremlingen Dahlum Dahlum Denkte Dettum Dorstadt Elbe (Niedersachsen) Erkerode Evessen Evessen Flöthe Schladen-Werla Haverlah Hedeper Heere Heere Heiningen (Niedersachsen) Kissenbrück Kneitlingen Kneitlingen Ohrum Remlingen-Semmenstedt Roklum Schöppenstedt Sehlde Sickte Uehrde Vahlberg Veltheim (Ohe) Winnigstedt Wittmar Wolfenbüttelmap
About this picture

Ohrum is a municipality of the combined municipality of Oderwald (seat in Börßum ) in the Wolfenbüttel district and with Schöningen is the oldest historically documented settlement in Lower Saxony .

geography

location

Ohrum is located a few kilometers south of Wolfenbüttel on the eastern edge of the Oderwald , which slopes gently towards the Börßum-Braunschweiger Okertal . The valley of the Oker narrows at Ohrum to a few hundred meters and, until it was regulated in the 1950s, contained an extensive gravel ford, which represented a convenient crossing of the river. To the east, the terrain rises relatively steeply and reaches the Ösel and then the Asse . In terms of nature , this area belongs to the Okerrand heights of the East Brunswick hill country , which is very fertile with its loess soils .

Eastern neighbor locations are Kissenbrück that with the in the district Hedwigsburg located Fährmühle extends as far as the eastern shore of Oker, as well as the preferred Oesel Neindorf . Around 5.5 km to the south is the former Börßum railway junction ; in the north, halfway to Halchter, the Bungenstedter Tower with the neighboring windmill marks the former border between the Kingdom of Hanover , to which Ohrum belonged, and the Duchy of Braunschweig , which is also on the east bank extended.

Oker

The Oker , which flows from the Harz to the Aller , used to take up the similarly water-rich Harz river Ilse shortly before Pillowbrück , whose course is still present at Hedwigsburg as Alte Ilse . The Oker parted at Ohrum, with the eastern arm being used as a mill ditch for the ferry mill and the western ditch as free tide. The weir was located far above today's bridge. A bridge was first mentioned in 1381 (documented in 1535) and was probably built together with the ferry mill.

history

On the eastern slope of the Oderwald near the place, numerous Neolithic tools and utensils have been found in the past centuries , which date back to the 4th to 5th millennium BC. Were dated. There are similar discoveries from the eastern bank of the Oker, which were also assigned to the ceramic band culture . Many finds point to long-distance trading relationships in the Neolithic. Other finds come from the time of the Merovingians .

Ohrum was important in the Middle Ages because of the Okerfurt, which was part of the historical " Deitweg ", which is important for long-distance trade . It connected the Goslar region with Schöningen and led nationwide from the Rhine to the Elbe . Old fortifications were found on the Schmiedeweg, which runs through a ravine towards Cramme in the Oderwald . To the east, this path crossed the Oker to Pillowbrück. From the south a path led from Goslar over the Kaiserpfalz Werla , which presumably crossed the Oker in pre-Franconian times and continued on the east bank via Salzdahlum further north towards Lüneburg (later Bundesstraße 4).

The strategically significant transition was the scene of historical decisive battles: The town with Schöningen was first mentioned in the Franconian annals as "Orhaim" as early as 747 , because Pippin the Short fought for his inheritance here with his brother Grifo . Here Pippin's son Charlemagne subjugated the East Westphalian Count Hessi and carried out the traditional mass baptism. Ohrum is therefore one of the oldest places in Lower Saxony.

The importance of Ohrum consolidated in 1022, at a time when Bernward , Bishop of Hildesheim, was the local lord. The construction of the monasteries in Heiningen and Dorstadt along the north-south road to Goslar also fell during this period . The strategically important Oker crossing lost its importance when Wolfenbüttel was founded in the 12th century.

Until the Hildesheim collegiate feud in the 16th century, Ohrum belonged to the Hildesheim Monastery , then temporarily to the Duchy of Braunschweig and after the Thirty Years War again to the Hildesheim Monastery until 1803, then to the Kingdom of Hanover .

Origin of name

The first mention of Ohrhaim from 747 is in the Ohrumer Chronik u. a. interpreted with reference to flower to the effect that apart from the ending -heim the word aur is included. This is also accepted as part of the river name Ohre and derived from the Old Norse term for "gravel" and "sandbank". It is still available in various Scandinavian languages ​​and can be found, for example, as “-ör” in many place names on the Baltic Sea. In addition to other place names (see -büttel ) and historical finds ( Hünenburg near Watenstedt ), this would suggest a lively connection or migration between the region and Northern Europe in the pre-Franconian period.

  • View from Ohrum to the Oderwald

  • View of the place

  • Memorial stone for the baptism of Saxony by Charlemagne in 780 at Vaddernloch

  • View from the Ösel to Ohrum, the Oderwald and Neindorf in the foreground

  • The Hedwigsburger Okermühle on the east arm of the Oker

politics

Municipal council

Ohrum is represented by a nine-person council.

Mayor is Martin Kokon (SPD).

coat of arms

With its straight longitudinal and corrugated crossbar, it shows the intersection of a land road with a waterway - at the same time the cross stands for the first documented local lord and the local church, which was mentioned in 1022. The sheet testifies on the one hand the will to survive of the community, on the other hand the belonging to the community Oderwald. The colors red and yellow correspond to both the Hildesheim pen colors and the Braunschweig family coat of arms.

Blazon : In red a golden (yellow) cross covered with a red leaf with a wavy crossbar.

Culture and sights

  • A church in Ohrum is mentioned as early as 1022 in the founding document of the Michaelis monastery in Hildesheim.
  • In Ohrum, the Okerfurt was an important part of the trade and military route from the Rhine to the Elbe and between Goslar and Magdeburg.

Personalities

literature

  • Elisabeth Reifenstein, published by the municipality of Ohrum: Chronicle Ohrum 747 - 1997 , Wolfenbüttel 1997.

Web links

Commons : Ohrum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. ↑ a b c Elisabeth Reifenstein, ed. Municipality of Ohrum: Chronik Ohrum 747 - 1997 , Wolfenbüttel 1997.
  3. ^ Rolf Siebert: Fernstraßen between Oker, Lappwald, Harz and Aller up to the 9th century , Braunschweig 2001