-büttel
The place name ending -büttel comes from Low German or the older Germanic and has the meaning of "house and yard" or "settlement area". "Büttel localities" are only found in north-west Germany . The origin and founding time of these places is controversial among researchers. Other localities that have the expression "Büttel" in their name are not the subject of this article.
distribution
If one looks at the location and distribution of the Büttel localities, four main groups of Büttel settlements can be identified. The first large group of Büttel-places lies north of the Elbe in western Schleswig-Holstein ( Steinburg district , Dithmarschen ) and Hamburg . There are two smaller groups in the Elbe-Weser triangle and in the Lüneburg Heath . The densest grouping is in the Papenteich , north of Braunschweig . If you draw a connection from the Papenteich through the Lüneburger Heide to Dithmarschen, there are a few other Büttel places scattered on this connection line, but almost nowhere else in the German-speaking area, such as Wunderbüttel , Hankensbüttel and Bienenbüttel in the Lüneburg Heath. The city of Wolfenbüttel, about 13 km south of Braunschweig and 30 km north of the Harz Mountains, is the southernmost Büttel town .
Older writings mostly refer to a total of 164 "-büttel" locations, all of which are located in northern Germany . Of these 164 localities, 68 are located north of the Elbe, 12 on the Unterweser, 18 south of the Jadebusen , 18 in the Lüneburg Heath and 36 in the Braunschweig-Gifhorn area with a concentration in the Papenteich. In more recent studies on the topic of the Büttel localities, 222 Büttel place and field names are named and examined.
Papenteich
The Papenteich has the largest group of closely spaced Büttel villages, which is why this area is sometimes referred to as "Büttelei". Most of Papenteich's Büttel localities, together with a few Horst locations, form a spacious ring in the central Papenteich. The outer points of this ring are the villages of Isenbüttel , Allenbüttel , Allerbüttel , Harxbüttel and Rolfsbüttel . The presumably much older and presumably related villages of Meine , Rethen and Vordorf are located within the ring . Originally there were 31 Büttel locations, ten of which today only exist as desolations in the Papenteich .
Word origin
The Indo-European * bhu (to build, to be) with the meaning of "house, property, residence" is regarded as the root of the word "Büttel" . Another derivation is from the Old Saxon bodal (see also Odal ) with the meaning "house and yard" or "settlement area". Commonly modified forms are Old Saxon -gibutli, -gibudli, -butli , Middle Low German -bütle, -bötle and finally nine- Low German -büttel, -bötel . The final word before the ending “-büttel” is usually - if it can be determined - a personal name, for example for Adenbüttel (Adenebutle) “Ado” or for Ribbesbüttel (Ricbaldesgebutile) “Ricbald”.
These names have nothing to do with the much more recent job title “ Büttel ” ( bannwart ) as a court usher; However, there are a few southern places that have "Büttel" in their name, which refer to such a Büttel.
Theories of origin
Both the origin (the tribes involved in the establishment of the place) and the settlement period, the connection to the Jutland Büll places and the English bottle places as well as the overall distribution of the Büttel places has been controversial among researchers from various fields for decades and is intensively discussed. A solution was sought based on a historical, archaeological, name-based and settlement cartographic approach. A migration of settlers from south to north, from north to south, but also the theory that there was no connection at all between the Büttel villages were and are being discussed.
Language research
The first results of the linguistic research regarding the Büttel places come from Heinrich Wesche (1957). He tried to derive the settlement history from the regional Papenteich dialect. The Papenteicher Platt uses the ü (instead of u ) in a way that similarly only occurs in Jutland , North Schleswig and Friesland . He also assumes a connection to the English bottle places. He also found that there are no names of the great landlords of the Carolingian and Ottonian times in the Büttel locations. The only exception to this could be Brunsbüttel with regard to the Brunones . Therefore, he places the founding time of the corresponding places in the time of the departure of the Saxons and Angles to England in the 6th century. Fiesel (1972) contradicted this and said that all personal names used as a basic term were of Franconian origin.
More theories
- Turning theory
According to Schröder, Büttel is an older name for a place in a swampy valley . The time of origin is around the 6th or 7th century. The localities were built as round villages and were designed as defensive positions against the Wends . However, this theory contradicts the fact that almost all settlements and residential areas of this time were built in the form of round villages as defensive positions, regardless of their name ending. Also in several areas of the Büttel places (for example in the Papenteich) there were never any fights with the Wende.
- Saxon tribal legend
According to an old tradition, the Büttel-Orte were created by a Duke Hadugoto who returned with his Saxon tribe from overpopulated England. From Hadeln , following a call for help from Theodorich, he went to fight against the Thuringians . As a reward, he received the land of today's Papenteich and founded the Büttel localities here. This tradition could meanwhile be classified in the area of Saxon tribal legends and comes from an epic poem .
- Saxon theory
A theory that has long been regarded as valid refers to the Roman historian Claudius Ptolemy , according to which the Saxons come from Holstein . From here, part of the fishing and warning tribe migrated to the south with the Saxons, with some settling down and establishing the Büttel localities. This theory contradicts the fact that there are no Büttel places in the main settlement areas of the Saxons.
- Frisian theory
As with the Saxon theory, the Frisians were accepted as the founders of the Büttel-Orte. The similarity between the Papenteich dialect and Frisian spoke in favor of this . But there are no Büttel places in the Frisian home countries either.
- Jutland origin
This theory is not limited to any particular people. The origin is placed in northwest Jutland . From here the area up to Dithmarschen was first settled. Two groups later moved on. The first group followed the coast to the mouth of the Weser , with a part settling here, while the other part moved on to England and founded the Bottle places there. The second group moved via Hamburg through the Lüneburg Heath to the Papenteich. These settlers would have left behind some small groups on the way, which would have founded the scattered places in the heather along the way. The majority, however, would have settled in the Papenteich, divided up the land there and founded more than 30 bodals . Here, after the fall of the Thuringian Empire, settlement area became free again.
List of the Büttel localities
literature
- K. Casemir: The place names on -büttel. (Namely information 19). Leipziger Univ.-Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-931922-75-8 .
- L. Fiesel: Research on place names and early medieval settlement in Lower Saxony. Niemeyer, Halle 1934, DNB 363592512 .
- Johann Ulrich Folkers: The origin of the place names on -büttel in Schleswig-Holstein. At the same time a contribution to the Rundling question. In: ZSHG . 62, pp. 1-84 (1934).
- Wolfgang Meibeyer : Settlement facts about the Papenteich and the question of its -büttel-places - The settlement of the old northern forest between Gifhorn and Braunschweig during the early Middle Ages. 2nd Edition. Gifhorn 2004, ISBN 3-929632-70-5 .
- Heinrich Wesche : Our Lower Saxony place names. Alfeld 1957, DNB 455481768 .
swell
- ^ A b Wolfgang Meibeyer: Settlement facts about the Papenteich and the question of its -büttel-places. Gifhorn 2004, ISBN 3-929632-70-5 .
- ^ Wolfgang Laur : Historical place-name dictionary of Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd Edition. Neumünster 1992, p. 190 f.
- ↑ Duden, Geographical Names in Germany: Origin and Meaning of the Names of Countries, Cities, Mountains and Waters. 2nd Edition. Mannheim 1999.
- ↑ Heinz Klose: Our "Büttelei". In: History from the Papenteich. Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-87040-029-3 , p. 57 ff.
- ^ H. Wesche: Our Lower Saxony place names. Alfeld 1957.
- ^ L. Fiesel: Franconia in the expansion of Saxon land. In: Lower Saxony Yearbook 1972.
- ^ E. Schröder: Book review about L. Fiesel. In Lower Saxony Yearbook 1934.
- ↑ K. Fiesel: Stories and Pictures from the Papenteich. Gifhorn 1897.
- ↑ JU Folkers: The origin of the place names on -büttel in Schleswig-Holstein. In: ZSHG . 62, pp. 1-84 (1934).
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