Woehrden

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 54 ° 10 ′  N , 9 ° 0 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Schleswig-Holstein
Circle :	Dithmarschen
Office :	Parish Landgemeinde Heider Umland
Height :	2 m above sea level NHN
Area :	21.77 km 2
Residents:	1260 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	58 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	25797
Area code :	04839
License plate :	HEI, MED
Community key :	01 0 51 113
Office administration address:	Kirchspielsweg 6 25746 Heide
Website :	www.woehrden.de
Mayor :	Peter Schoof ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Wöhrden in the Dithmarschen district

Wöhrden , until May 1, 1978 Süderwöhrden , is a municipality in the Dithmarschen district in Schleswig-Holstein .

The city in the northern marshland was once a port city and was at times the heart of Dithmarschens . In particular, the St. Nicolai Church , which existed from 1319 to 1786, was, along with the Meldorfer Cathedral , the most splendid in the country . Since the 16th century, a gradual loss of importance began, which reduced Wöhrden to the status of a remote rural community.

geography

location

Wöhrden is located in the fertile Dithmarscher Nordermarsch . Lying directly on the North Sea coast and surrounded by tides until the 16th century , the coastline has meanwhile shifted about ten kilometers to the west through artificial land reclamation and natural silting.

The original place is built in the style of the oldest Wurtendörfer on a Wurt , in the middle of which is the church. A ring road runs around them, from which roads branch off radially. The Wurt is 6.24 m above sea level. one of the highest in Dithmarschen and probably dates from the 1st millennium. The thoroughfare from Meldorf to the Eider Barrage runs down at the edge of the Wurtrand.

Community structure

The community is made up of the districts of Wöhrden, Ketelsbüttel , Großbüttel, Büttlerdeich, Böddinghusen, Hochwöhrden, Neuenkrug , Neuenwisch, Bruhnsdorf, Nixdorf and Walle.

history

In 150 AD, the Greek geographer Ptolemy names three islands of Saxony off the mouth of the Elbe, probably Fahrstedt , Wöhrden and Büsum . For a long time, the settlement was almost completely enclosed by the sea and thus formed an important port as well as a relatively safe retreat when attempting to conquer the country. Around 1600 the historiographer Neocorus from Dithmarsch wrote about the settlement that it was one

ummeflatene patches, which alone make a change from east, otherwise all roads with bridges and bridges are suffered. (P. 53)

The Wurt , from which Wöhrden owes its name, was probably settled around 800. Around 1000, a Siddeldeich was built , which was later used as the first movable land connection, called Persenweg, and around 1100 the first sea ​​dike was built from Hochwöhrden via Wackenhusen, Wöhrden, Großbüttel , Reinsbüttel, Wesselburen , etc., back to the Geestrand behind Hemme.

It is not known exactly when the first church and thus an independent parish of Wöhrden came into being. When Bishop Adalbert II of Hamburg-Bremen first mentioned the Dithmarsch parishes in a document in 1140, Wöhrden was not yet among them. The place used to be the center of the parish of Süderwöhrden. The first written mention of it comes from May 7th 1281. In a contract between Hamburg and the Dithmarsch parishes, Worden appears as a sealing parish. It is historically controversial whether Wöhrden emerged as a spin-off from the Dithmarsch mother parish Meldorf or via the parish Wesselburen from the original parish of Weddingstedt .

Wöhrden in the Middle Ages

Neocorus reports how the Dithmarscher in 1319 in Wöhrden from Gerhard III. were besieged, holed up in the church and, in a desperate outbreak, finally defeated the Count of Schauenburg. Then the Wöhrdener built a new St. Nicholas of Myra , the patron saint of sailors, consecrated church with 46 meters long and 20 meters wide, which at that time was next to the Meldorfer Dom as a glorious church Dithmarschens. After the victorious battle in the Süderhamme in 1404 over Duke Gerhard VI. the Dithmarschers kept the two captured banners of the duke in the Wöhrden and Meldorfer churches. After the Battle of Hemmingstedt in 1500, the allegedly original captured Dannebrog was kept in it by the Danish knight Hans von Ahlefeldt who fell in the battle .

The place, which today is about ten kilometers from the coast due to land reclamation , was a regionally important port city in the late Middle Ages. The parishes in the north of the country gained increasing influence over the more southern settlements. In 1373 the parishes of Wöhrden, Neuenkirchen, Wesselburen, Weddingstedt and Hemmingstedt set up their own market in competition with the one in Meldorf. With the Dithmarsch peasant republic , Heide replaced Meldorf as the capital of the country.

The country's important documents were no longer kept in the Meldorfer Dom , but in the churches of Wöhrden and Wesselburens. In the middle of the 14th century, the presbyter Bremensis described the Nordermarsch with Wöhrden and Wesselburen as cor terre Ditmarice - heart of Dithmarschens . (P. 54) Many of the leading regent families of the peasant republic came from Wöhrden. The most respected according to Neocorus, the Woldersmannen, at times made up five of the forty- eighters alone .

The city also maintained formal relationships with the Hanseatic League . An assistance and partnership agreement with the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg dates back to 1281 . This was officially confirmed and renewed by the Hamburg Senate in July 2007, but as such is not one of the official city ​​partnerships of the Hanseatic city, but is of symbolic importance.

In 1375, at the wedding of the Dithmarschen peasant republic, Lübeck merchants signed a contract in Wöhrden in which the Dithmarschers undertook to protect Lübeck's goods. The conflict between beach robbery on the one hand and good relations with the Hanseatic League on the other hand was one of the defining Dithmarsch conflicts of this time.

The material house , which is considered to be Dithmarschen's oldest house, was built in 1519 as a windowless warehouse. It is a typical march bourgeois house that can be found on large parts of the Schleswig-Holstein North Sea coast: one-room houses with half-timbered substructures and richly decorated gables.

Woehrden after the last feud

40 years later, in 1559, King Frederick II of Denmark , Duke Johann von Hardersleben and Duke Adolf von Holstein defeated the Dithmarschers in the last feud , after which the country was divided into three parts. After the death of Duke Johann (1580), Dithmarschen was divided into two parts in 1581. The arbitrary border now separated the parish of Wöhrden into Süderwöhrden and Norderwöhrden. The division separated the city from its economically important hinterland, the former central place suddenly lay on the periphery of Süderdithmarschens. At the same time, other cities such as Wesselburen, Marne and especially Heide increased in importance and soon surpassed the old heart of Dithmarschen.

The decline of the place continued when the area around Wöhrden increasingly silted up and in 1601 the Bütteler Feld was settled. The tidal creek to the North Sea silted up, the importance of the port declined. The formerly highly regarded church began to deteriorate; contemporaries of the 18th century saw it as an unnecessarily large building that, according to the deacon Johann Adrian Bolten at the time , would have been sufficient for three parishes of Wöhrden importance and size. It was demolished in 1786 and replaced by the current structure in 1788.

In 1875 the construction of the current School op de Wurth began . Electrification started in Wöhrden in 1922.

On March 7, 1929, the so-called Blood Night of Wöhrden by the Nazis , during which around 300 National Socialists and 100 Communists attacked each other with truncheons, pieces of steel, knives and daggers and three people died, marked the breakthrough of the NSDAP in the region. The Nazis succeeded in exploiting the events for national propaganda purposes.

New business park

On April 1, 1934, the parish district of Süderwöhrden was dissolved. All of their village communities, village communities and farmers became independent communities / rural communities. These were Großbüttel, Hohenwöhrden, Neuenkrug, Neuenwisch, Wackenhusen, Walle and Wöhrden. The merger of these municipalities to form the new municipality of Süderwöhrden took place on April 1, 1938.

In 1972, Süderwöhrden lost the municipal administration, and the office administration Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde Heide-Land was formed . On May 1, 1978, the name of the municipality Süderwöhrden was officially changed to Wöhrden . In 2001 a partnership with the Polish municipality of Sianów was concluded . In August 2006, Wöhrden celebrated its 725th anniversary with a week of festivities in the marquee, which was also attended by representatives of the Sianów community.

At the end of the 2005/2006 school year, the primary school was closed. Elementary school students from Wöhrden have been going to school in Hemmingstedt since then. At the beginning of the 2007/2008 school year, the Free Waldorf School in Wöhrden started teaching. Wöhrden thus has the only Waldorf school on the entire west coast.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1974, the previously independent municipality of Ketelsbüttel was incorporated into the municipality of Süderwöhrden. Süderwöhrden grew from 1600 to 2151 hectares, the population increased from 1058 to 1217.

politics

Community representation

Of the 13 seats in the municipal council, the CDU has had six seats since the 2013 local elections, the WGW electoral community four seats and the SPD three.

coat of arms

Blazon : “A green hill in silver, on it a red church with a silver base, covering two narrow blue wavy bars. Two crossed green swords at the top left. "

Attractions

St. Nicolai from the southwest

Dutch windmill "Germania" from 1847.

The list of cultural monuments in Wöhrden includes the cultural monuments entered in the list of monuments of Schleswig-Holstein.

The Wöhrden Church

The St. Nicolai Church is located on the highest point of the village. The Wöhrdener dedicated it to the earlier importance of the place according to the patron saint of boatmen and merchants. The church, built from 1786 to 1788 in the late Baroque style, is probably the third church building at this point.

In 2008 the roof of the church was renewed and it was covered with red tiles like in the old days, in the meantime the roof had become dark. However, the roof was leaking and therefore had to be replaced.

At the church are some of the oldest buildings in Dithmarschen.

Mill

The Germania windmill is striking on the outskirts. The Dutch mill was built in 1847 and the sail blades no longer turn today. Until 1955 it milled with wind, until an autumn storm destroyed parts of the wings and it no longer seemed economically sensible to change them. In 1962, the then miller completely changed the interior, replacing the old grinding gear with what was then a modern motor grinder. The interior of the mill has now been expanded into an apartment.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Neithard Bethke (* 1942), German church musician
• Erika Matthes
• Rainer Carstens
• Horst Ploog (posthumous)

Sons and daughters of the church

• Heinrich Scheidemann (1596–1663), German composer of the early Baroque
• Neithard Bethke (* 1942), German church musician

literature

• Horst Ploog: History of the community of Wöhrden. Published by the municipality of Wöhrden. Wöhrden, 1997. Without ISBN.
• Horst Ploog: Wöhrden vun nix op hüüt. Wöhrden from nothing until today. Berlin (Pro Business), 2008. ISBN 978-3-86805-238-1 .
• Peter Neuber: "Wöhrner Wöör". Low German dictionary from Dithmarschen. Standard German - Low German. Self-published , 2001. Without ISBN.

Web links

Commons : Wöhrden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Wöhrden municipality
• Private website about Wöhrden

Individual evidence

1. ↑ North Statistics Office - Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein 4th quarter 2019 (XLSX file) (update based on the 2011 census) ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein topography. Vol. 10: Timmaspe - Ziethen . 1st edition Flying-Kiwi-Verl. Junge, Flensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-926055-92-7 , p. 362 ( dnb.de [accessed on August 9, 2020]).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Reimer Hansen: The old Wöhrden church. In: Reimer Hansen: From a millennium historical neighborhood. Studies on the history of Schleswig, Holstein and Dithmarschen. Schleswig-Holsteinischer Geschichtsverlag, Malente 2005, ISBN 3-933862-37-X
4. ↑ Nis R. Nissen : 700 years of Wöhrden in: Blätter zur Heimatkunde , supplement to Dithmarschen (published by the Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde) issue no. 1/2, Heide 1981 [1]
5. ↑ Printed matter 18/6861 of the Hamburg citizenship Small written question of September 4, 2007 by the MP Alexander-Martin Sardina (CDU parliamentary group) and answer from the Senate
6. ↑ Materials house
7. ↑ State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): The population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein 1867-1970 . State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1972, p. 250 .
8. ↑ State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): The population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein 1867-1970 . State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1972, p. 237 .
9. ↑ ^{a b} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 181 .
10. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein's municipal coat of arms
11. ^ Wöhrden-online: "Die Windmühle Germania", accessed July 4, 2007
12. ↑ Catalog entry at the German National Library , accessed on August 3, 2016.
13. ↑ Catalog entry at the German National Library, accessed on August 3, 2016.