Adolf I. (Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf)

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Adolf I (born January 25, 1526 on the Duburg in Flensburg ; † October 1, 1586 at Gottorf Castle ) was Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf from 1544 and the first regent of the Gottorf line in Schleswig-Holstein .

Duke Adolf in ceremonial armor , painting by an unknown artist, around 1586

Life

Adolf was the third son of King Frederick I of Denmark and his wife Sophia of Pomerania . Friedrich gave his son to the education of Landgrave Philipp von Hessen , to whom he remained connected throughout his life and with whom he spent four years in the count's palace in Kassel .

In 1544, Adolf, his brother Johann and their half-brother King Christian III. of Denmark the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein according to approximately the same tax power. As the youngest, Adolf had the first choice. Since he chose the area with Gottorf Castle, the line of the House of Oldenburg he founded was now called Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. First he traveled and had Johann Rantzau administer his land. Adolf took part in the Diet of 1548 , where he saw Emperor Charles V at the height of his power. He accompanied his heir to the throne Philip on the homage journey through the Spanish Netherlands and got to know a rich and blooming landscape there.

Although even a Protestant, he supported the emperor with two thousand horsemen and ten troop infantry, led as these wars to break the power of the Protestant princes. Nevertheless, he had a reputation among the other princes of northern Germany: They elected him commander in chief of the northern German troops; he became colonel of the North German Circle.

From 1553, Adolf turned back to his real home. In 1556 he took over the ecclesiastical property and the office of bishop of his deceased brother Friedrich, as he had ordered in his will. Thereupon he set out to avenge the disgrace of his ancestors in the battle of Hemmingstedt . Adolf wanted to expand his sphere of influence by laying hands on the then rich and independent peasant republic of Dithmarschen . He managed to convince his two co-regents to equip an army together.

In 1559 Adolf conquered the peasant republic of Dithmarschen with his brother Johann and his nephew King Friedrich II. Of Denmark in the last feud . The three rulers divided the peasant republic among themselves; Adolf received the northern part and thus a direct connection to his areas in Eiderstedt . When Adolf's brother Johann died in 1580, he and King Friedrich II divided Johann's shares in Schleswig and Holstein between them.

In terms of domestic politics, Adolf modernized the state: He separated house and state administration and also appointed civil, legally trained men to the administration. He had his rank and the associated political position of the young duchy expressed through various representative new buildings. As the client, he commissioned, among other things, the Reinbeker Castle , the Castle in front of Husum , the Tönninger Castle , the Trittau Castle and the Poor and Elderly Stift Gasthaus zum Ritter St. Jürgen . A significant expansion was also carried out at Gottorf Castle with the north wing.

From 1571 Adolf I belonged to the imperial Admiralswerk -ommission and hoped in vain for the appointment as Reichsadmiral until 1576 .

When Adolf died, his son Friedrich became Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.

ancestry

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dietrich von Oldenburg (1390–1440)
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christian I (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) (1426–1481)
King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Heilwig von Holstein (1400–1436)
Countess of Oldenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Frederick I (Denmark and Norway) (1471–1533)
King of Denmark and Norway
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Johann (Brandenburg-Kulmbach) (1406–1464)
Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dorothea of ​​Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1430–1495)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barbara of Saxony-Wittenberg (1405–1465)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Adolf I (1526–1586)
Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eric II of Pomerania (1425–1474)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bogislaw X. (Pomerania) (1454–1523)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophia of Pomerania (~ 1435–1497)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophia of Pomerania (1498–1568)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Casimir IV Jagiełło (1427–1492)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Anna Jagiellonica (1476–1503)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Elisabeth von Habsburg (1437–1505)
 
 
 
 
 
 

progeny

In 1564, Adolf married Christine von Hessen (* June 29, 1543; † May 13, 1604), the daughter of his tutor. He had the following children with her:

swell

  • Rolf Kuschert: The early modern times. In: Nordfriisk Instituut (Hrsg.): History of North Friesland. Boyens & Co, Heide 1995, ISBN 3-8042-0759-6 .

literature

predecessor Office successor
Christian III Duke of Schleswig
1544–1586 		Friedrich II.
Frederick of Denmark Bishop of Schleswig
1556–1586 		Ulrich of Denmark
personal data
SURNAME Adolf I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1526
PLACE OF BIRTH Duburg near Flensburg
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1586
Place of death Gottorf Castle