Johann Rantzau
Johann Rantzau (born November 12, 1492 in Steinburg , † December 12, 1565 in Breitenburg ), knight , lord of Breitenburg, Bothkamp , Sturenhagen and Mehlbek , was a "triple (Danish) kings supreme general and councilor" from the Rantzau family .
Life
Johann Rantzau was born in 1492 on the stone castle near Itzehoe, which was demolished after 1630, as the son of the local bailiff Heinrich Rantzau († 1497). After taking part in a campaign in the neighborhood as a 13-year-old, he embarked on a grand tour in 1516 that took him via England to Spain , to the tomb of St. Jakob in Compostela , on the Mediterranean countries to Jerusalem , where he the accolade for the Knight of the Golden Spur received, and back via Rome , where he Pope Leo X , made the Fußkuss by Italy , France led and Germany.
Then he was made court master of his son Christian III by Duke Friedrich I of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1471–1533), who later became King of Denmark . (1503–1559) and accompanied him to the Diet in Worms in 1521 , where Luther conducted his cause in front of the emperor and the empire . Impressed by Luther's defense, Rantzau and the Crown Prince became his staunch supporters and zealous supporters of the Reformation in Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark. For the duchies, the "Christlyke Kercken Ordeninge / Deyn den Fürstendömen Schleswig / Holsten etc. be given a shawl", on which Johannes Bugenhagen - a close confidante of Luther - played a decisive role, was introduced. It was adopted on March 9, 1532 by the state parliament in Rendsburg . In the same year Tilemann von Hussen was introduced as the first Protestant bishop.
In addition, Rantzau played an important role in securing the Danish royal throne for the Oldenburg dynasty . When Frederick I was elected King of Denmark instead of Christian II , Johann had a great influence on Frederick's decision to accept the crown. He led the army over the Belte in April 1523 , forced the surrender of Copenhagen on January 6, 1524 after a long siege and suppressed the peasant uprising under the leadership of Søren Norby in Skåne , April 1525. He also seems to have been instrumental in that later Christian II. in Sønderborg was imprisoned, at least it was handed over to the custody of the document in question from the August 3, 1532.
After the death of Frederick III (I), Christian succeeded him in the duchies, but the Danish councilors had postponed the election of the king. At first Christian only had one of the parties on his side, while another promoted the reinstatement of Christian II. At that time the union between Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark was concluded. The document, made out in German on December 5, 1533 in Rendsburg, bears the signature of Rantzau's knighthood as state court master and bailiff of Steinburg.
In the field, too, Rantzau tipped the balance in favor of Christian III. He made the storming of Aalborg on December 15, 1534 the Peasants' War in Jutland an end and beat Funen the Lubeck mercenaries and allies among Jürgen Wullenwever in the Battle of the Øksnebjerg , June 11, 1535. After the completion of these so-called. Count's Feud was Rantzau repeated in state affairs and embassies, also active as governor in Schleswig-Holstein. At the Reichstag in Speyer he concluded the peace treaty with which Emperor Charles V recognized the new order in the north, May 23, 1544.
Shortly afterwards he resigned all of his offices, as he was with the intended division of the duchies between Christian III. and his brothers Adolf and Johann the Elder (August 1544) did not agree. However, on behalf of these three sovereigns, he negotiated a contract with the imprisoned King Christian II, on July 14, 1546, after which he was allowed to spend the last years of his life in Kalundborg under easier prison conditions . His successor was Breide Rantzau .
After years of seclusion, Rantzau officiated as the bitterness of the Bordesholm monastery , which belonged to Duke Johann the Elder, and as bailiff of the Reinbek office , which belonged to Duke Adolf. It also seems that he was privy to Duke Adolf's plans against Dithmarschen from the start ; but he let his son Heinrich , the royal governor, persuade him that in the end he refused any participation in a one-sided enterprise. But when the three sovereigns Johann the Elder, Adolf and the young King Frederick II of Denmark had come to an agreement, he took over the supreme command. Under his leadership, the conquest of Dithmarschens, which was subordinate to the Archdiocese of Bremen-Hamburg, was completed in a few weeks, May to June 1559 ( see also last feud ).
On January 28, 1564, Rantzau sealed the division of the estate between King Friedrich II and his brother Johann the Younger . His influence is probably also due to the fact that the estates at the Flensburg state parliament (October 1564) refused to recognize Johann the Younger as the (fourth) sovereign as well and that at that time more detailed provisions on the leadership of the joint government in Schleswig, which alternated annually between the sovereigns -Holstein were hit.
Soon after, Johann Rantzau died in Breitenburg Castle .
He had established a large family estate in 1526 when he bought the lands of the Bordesholm monastery in the parish of Breitenberg an der Stör, which had been deserted by a flood, and built his castle Breitenburg here in 1531. The rule of Breitenburg was passed on to his son, the governor Heinrich, while the Bothkamp estate fell to the younger son Paul.
A memorial plaque for Johann Rantzau with a Latin inscription hangs in the Jakobikirche in Lübeck on the east side of the fourth north pillar. A similar plaque hangs in the Nikolai Church in Kiel .
Marriage and offspring
Johann Rantzau's wife was Anna Walstorp, who died in Itzehoe in 1582, daughter of Gert Walstorp and Catharine Rantzau. They had three children together:
- Heinrich Rantzau (born March 11, 1526 Steinburg ; † December 31, 1598 Breitenburg ), governor in Schleswig and Holstein
- Paul Rantzau, born October 16, 1527, died August 24, 1579
- Salome Rantzau, died 1586
ancestry
| Cai Rantzau (approx. 1310 - approx. 1377) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cai Rantzau (approx. 1383 - approx. 1411) | ||||||||||||||||
| Breide Rantzau (until approx. 1460) | ||||||||||||||||
| Hinrik Rantzau (approx. 1440–1497) | ||||||||||||||||
| Nicolaus Rathlow (approx. 1350 - approx. 1406) | ||||||||||||||||
| Emeke Rathlow (until approx. 1430) | ||||||||||||||||
| Drude von Rathlow (-1451) | ||||||||||||||||
| Johann Rantzau (1492–1565) | ||||||||||||||||
| Snote Buchwald (approx. 1330 - approx. 1410) | ||||||||||||||||
| Detlev Buchwald (approx. 1375 - approx. 1460) | ||||||||||||||||
| Detlev von Buchwald (1429–1487) | ||||||||||||||||
| Öllegaard Buchwald (1458–1538) | ||||||||||||||||
| Johann Hummersbüttel (approx. 1418 - approx. 1445) | ||||||||||||||||
| Hartwig Hummersbüttel (until approx. 1457) | ||||||||||||||||
| Magdalene Hummersbüttel (until 1501) | ||||||||||||||||
literature
- Gottfried Heinrich Handelmann: Rantzau, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, p. 280 f.
- Eckardt Opitz : Johann and Heinrich Rantzau In: Those who are our treasure and wealth. 60 portraits from Schleswig-Holstein . Christians, Hamburg 1990, pp. 15-21 ISBN 3-7672-1115-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Johann Rantzau . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 13 : Pelli – Reravius . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1899, p. 449 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
- ↑ a b c image of the inscription
- ↑ Complete text with explanation and translation by: Adolf Clasen: Verhabene Schätze - Lübeck's Latin inscriptions in the original and in German. Lübeck 2002, ISBN 3-7950-0475-6 , p. 124 ff.
- ^ Rantzau, Johan . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 13 : Pelli – Reravius . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1899, p. 458 (Danish, runeberg.org ). 1492–1565, Feltherre og Statsmand, Herre til Breitenburg, Bothkamp, Sturenhagen og Mehlbek
- ↑ Rantzau, Henrik . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 13 : Pelli – Reravius . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1899, p. 437 (Danish, runeberg.org ). 1526–1598, Statholder i Slesvig og Holsten
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rantzau, Johann |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German general |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 12, 1492 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Steinburg near Itzehoe |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 12, 1565 |
| Place of death | Breitenburg |