Bordesholm Monastery

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The monastery church seen from the east with a southern crypt annex

The Monastery Bordesholm was an Augustinian canons -Stift in the municipality Bordesholm in Rendsburg-Eckernförde in Schleswig-Holstein .

History of the monastery

The Canons' Monastery, founded by Vicelin in Neumünster in 1125, relocated to Bordesholm around 1330. The canons made an island in the Bordesholmer lake land-proof through three dams and built a church and monastery on it. For the construction begun in 1309 Otto Pogwisch from Bistenkesse (Bissee, later Bothkamp ) donated 300 Mk in his will in 1327, of which 100 Mk. For glass windows. He was the first of his family to be buried in the then unfinished choir of the monastery church.

Over time, the monastery developed into an important cultural and religious center. The parish church of St. Nikolai in Kiel was incorporated into the monastery soon after the relocation , which led to a dispute with the city council that lasted for decades. Until 1534, no other canon except the pastor was allowed to enter the city. The Church of Bruges was incorporated into the monastery in 1335. Other incorporated churches in which canons of the convent also worked as pastors were Flintbek , Neumünster, Neuenbrook and Breitenberg . The monastery also held the church patronage over the church in Bishorst , which was destroyed by a storm surge at the beginning of the 16th century . In Bordesholm the convent ran a hospital for the poor and pilgrims.

The income from pilgrims, foundations and donations made it possible to expand the church twice. A branch was located in Jasenitz near Stettin. It was there that Provost Reborch ended the Bordesholm Marienklage, which was first performed in Bordesholm the following year . In 1490 the Canon Monastery joined the Windesheim congregation . Duke Friedrich "spent a large part of his childhood in Bordesholm and the collegiate school because his mother, the Danish Queen Dorothea, wanted an education from the Augustinian Canons". A final economic upswing made it possible to start expanding the monastery church in the same year. Around 1500, 266 farms and other properties such as mills or fishing rights were under the monastery.

In 1528 the Kiel pastor, the canon Wilhelm Prävest, wrote to Martin Luther to complain about the lay preacher Melchior Hofmann . However, when it turned out that he was polemicizing against Luther at the same time, he had to retreat to Bordesholm. Protestant preachers took over the sermon and pastoral care in Kiel. Although the Reformation was officially introduced in Schleswig-Holstein in 1547, the monastery existed until 1566, when it was secularized by Duke Hans the Elder . The older canons were allowed to stay, the younger ones were obliged to take part in the lessons of the now Protestant Princely School, which moved into the building. Instead, the last five canons fled to the Windesheim monastery in Zwolle and litigated for eleven years - ultimately in vain - for the surrender of their property. The school of scholars was destroyed in the Thirty Years War and only reopened in 1662. But it was moved to Kiel as early as 1665 and, with its valuable library dating back to the time of the monastery, formed the basis of the newly founded university there . The monastery buildings fell into disrepair and were demolished in the 19th century. The last structure from the Bordesholm monastery time still preserved today is the monastery church.

Monastery church

The interior of the church; in the foreground the tomb of Duchess Anna († 1514)
Tendril painting in the belt arch (originally 1490, renewed)

Construction and building history

The Bordesholm monastery church is an elongated brick building. It is a three-aisled , six- bay long hall church with a five-eighth closing in the east. Support pillars are drawn deep into the building and are only visible outside as wall strips. The church has no tower, the high pitched roof supports a ridge turret . With its uniformly Gothic form, the church is one of the most beautiful buildings in the country.

The construction period for the first phase began in 1309. In 1332 the church was consecrated . Initially it had a three-bay central nave with accompanying side rooms.

Between 1450 and 1462 an extension yoke with narrow aisles was added to the west. This was followed by a two-bay extension section from 1490 to 1509, so that the entire building now consisted of six bays. In the baroque period , a crypt was added on the south side. The church has been preserved in this form to this day.

Inner space

The side walls in the eastern part of the central nave (first construction phase) are cut open in a pointed arch. At the top, the room is closed off by a late Gothic ribbed vault on round bar services. The extension yokes also have ribbed vaults. In the first spacious extension yoke there are cross-shaped pillars. The pillars in the two-bay second extension part are octagonal and rise higher in the central nave.

Furnishing

Choir stalls (1509)

Painting

The central nave belt arch between the 1st and 2nd extension part is painted with tendrils. The late Gothic painting, originally from around 1490, has been heavily renewed.

Choir stalls

The choir stalls from 1509 consist of 30 folding seats . The back wall is divided into fields, over which there is a canopy with a tracery front.

Triumphal cross

The late Gothic 2.20 m high triumphal cross was created in the first half of the 15th century.

Photo projection of the Brüggemann Altar in its original location

Main altar

After the death of his wife, Duke Friedrich donated a carved altar to the monastery church, which the artist Hans Brüggemann completed in 1521. This Brüggemann altar, also known as the Bordesholm Altar , was transferred from Bordesholm to Schleswig Cathedral in 1666 . In 1672 the St. John's Church in Bruges left a carved representation of the crucifixion of the Bordesholm Church, also attributed to Brüggemann or his workshop. This is now at Gottorf Castle .

Today's altar with a large, late baroque structure dates from 1727. In the base picture it shows the Lord's Supper, in the main picture the baptism of Christ. It is crowned with clouds and a halo of rays. The altar was donated by Duke Carl-Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf when the church was given a new use as a parish church after being vacant for decades.

Augustine altar

In the first south side room there is a late Gothic carved altar from around 1500. In the middle shrine it shows the figure of St. Augustine , entwined with branches .

Church fathers altar

In the first north side room there is a late Gothic three-winged picture altar with the church fathers . Augustine and Ambrosius are depicted in the middle, Gregorius and Hieronymus in the wings . All four figures are shown in front of brocade curtains in church rooms. The altar dates from around 1510 and shows Dutch design.

baptism

The cup-like baptism is made of copper and dates from 1737. The lid with a humped rim is crowned by a dove, the symbol of the Holy Spirit .

Later in the 18th century, four medieval bronze lions were used as supports for the baptismal font. They served as the bearer of the stone grave slab of Wolfgang Pogwischs and his wife Christina Munk, which is still in the church today . Wolfgang (Wulf) Pogwisch, a close confidante of Duke and King Friedrich I, raised claims to the monastery founded by his ancestors 200 years earlier even after the Reformation. He was buried in 1554 as the last of his family in the Bordesholmer Church. The lions were probably made earlier. They bear the coat of arms of the Pogwisch, Munk, Ahlefeld and Rosenkranz families in their paws after the parents of Wulf Pogwisch and his wife. The bronze lions were sold to Hamburg dealers in the course of a monastery church restoration in 1864 and have since been considered lost. In 2015 they reappeared and identified. The medieval works of art are in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam and the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg. A replica is to be set up in Bordesholm.

Tomb of Duchess Anna of Brandenburg († 1514)

In the center aisle between the first and the second extension part stands the bronze tumba with the reclining figures of the duke couple Anna of Brandenburg and Friedrich I of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp on a sandstone plinth . It is the most important late Gothic tomb in the country. The walls show reliefs of the coats of arms of the two dead, the Annunciation and the figures of the 12 apostles. In front of the corners stand four luminous angels as free figures.

The sarcophagus is empty, however. The Duchess is buried below the cenotaph in the vault of the nave, the Duke has his grave in the Schleswig Cathedral.

Russian chapel

The former sacristy is one of the few remaining unearthly remains of the Augustinian Canons' monastery outside the church. It is the burial chapel of Duke Carl Friedrich, who died in 1739 . The Duke was married to Anna Petrovna , the daughter of Peter the Great , and the father of the future Tsar Peter III. , hence the current name of the chapel.

In 1999 a late medieval wall painting depicting the flagellation of Christ was rediscovered and uncovered during renovation work.

organ

View of the organ

The organ was built in 1969 by the organ builder Paschen .

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Pointed flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Coupling flute 4 ′
Nassat 2 23
octave 2 ′
recorder 2 ′
Mixture V
Cymbal III
Dulcian 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
Wooden flute 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Beat 8th'
Transverse flute 4 ′
Fifth 2 23
octave 2 ′
third 1 35
Cornettino III
oboe 8th'
Vox Humana 8th'
Tremulant
III breast swelling C – g 3
Dumped 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
octave 2 ′
octave 1'
Sesquialtera II
Scharff IV – VI
Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
Principal 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
octave 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Night horn 2 ′
Back set IV
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
  • Coupling : II / I, II / II (sub-octave coupling), III / I, IIII / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

Muhlius Chapel

The Muhlius Chapel is located in the western half of the north aisle. This part of the building belongs to the oldest construction phase of the church (approx. 1327 to 1460). The ribbed vault was already established in the pre-Reformation period. Heinrich Muhlius (1666–1733) acquired the rights as an hereditary burial place during his lifetime. Today only the sarcophagus of the son Friedrich Gabriel Muhlius remains in the chapel.

Saldern crypt

In 1768 the diplomat Caspar von Saldern acquired part of the cloister, which was later demolished, and had a two-story burial chapel built there for his family. In 1861 the chapel was walled up and only reopened and renovated in 2011. The stone sarcophagi of Saldern, his mother Anna Maria Saldern, geb. Kamphövener (1691–1775), his wife Catharina Lucia Thieden, who died in 1742, and their daughter Anna Maria, who died in 1774. Those later buried in wooden coffins on an iron frame above were reburied in the cemetery.

Library

The Canon Monastery had an extensive library which, when the monastery was dissolved in 1566, contained over 650 manuscripts and prints. The library then served the school of scholars and was taken over as a basic stock in the Kiel University Library when the Christian Albrechts University was founded in 1665 . 139 manuscripts and 163 volumes of pamphlets are preserved in Kiel today. "This is not only the most important medieval manuscript inventory in Schleswig-Holstein, but also a remnant of a pre-Reformation monastery library, which is rare nationwide in terms of size and cohesion" .

Parish

In addition to the monastery church, the Evangelical Lutheran parish in Bordesholm also includes the Christ Church in the center of the village.

Pastors

See also

literature

  • Art topography Schleswig-Holstein. Neumünster 1982, ISBN 3-529-02627-1 .
  • Johannes Hugo Koch: Schleswig-Holstein. Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7701-0936-8 .
  • Hilke Elisabeth Saggau, Nils Claussen: Bordesholm monastery church. Leaflet to the church.
  • Enno Bünz: Between Canon Reform and Reformation. Beginnings, heyday and decline of the Augustinian canons of Neumünster-Bordesholm and Segeberg (12th to 16th centuries). (= Series of publications of the Academy of Augustinian Canons of Windesheim. 7), Augustiner-Chorherren-Verlag, Paring 2002, ISBN 3-9805469-9-3 .
  • Kerstin Schnabel: "Liber sanctae Mariae virginis in Bordesholm ...". History of a Holstein monastery library (= Wolfenbüttel Medieval Studies 33), Wiesbaden 2018

Web links

Commons : Bordesholm Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Hans Wilhelm Schwarz: The will of the knight Otto Pogwisch from 1327 (pdf), accessed June 16, 2016
  2. a b Oliver Auge, Katja Hillebrand (Ed.): Monastery Book Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. Monasteries, monasteries and convents from the beginning to the Reformation. tape 1 . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7954-2896-9 , pp. 198 f .
  3. ^ Jan Friedrich Richter : The Bordesholmer Altar (1521) , Königstein i. Ts. 2019, p. 46
  4. ^ Auge / Hillebrand: Monastery book Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg . tape 1 , 2019, p. 197 .
  5. St. John's Church Bruges
  6. ^ Bieke van der Mark: Four north German bronze lions from Bordesholm . In: The Burlington Magazine . tape 157 , no. 1352 , 2015, p. 749-757 .
  7. Paul Steffen: The Pogwisch knight family and the Augustinian canons of Bordesholm (accessed June 16, 2016)
  8. Coat of arms ( Memento from August 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  9. Kieler Nachrichten, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany from November 13, 2016: Bordesholmer Klosterkirche - Treasures from the Middle Ages emerged / News from Rendsburg / News - KN - Kieler Nachrichten. In: www.kn-online.de. Retrieved June 16, 2016 .
  10. The lion returns . sh: z of June 10, 2016
  11. Information on disposition
  12. Wolfgang Bauch: The hereditary burial of the Muhlius family from Kiel in the Bordesholmer collegiate church. In: Communication from the Society for Kiel City History , Volume 89, Issue 2, pp. 76–89
  13. Saldern-Gruft  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.schleswig-holstein.de
  14. Andreas Ströbl, Regina Ströbl, Dana Vick: Bestatten, Bewiegen, Visiting - Examples for the proper handling of crypt inventories , in: OHLSDORF - Zeitschrift für Trauerkultur No. 122, III, August 2013
  15. DFG funds indexing of Bordesholm manuscripts , press release of August 20, 2013, accessed on August 21, 2013
  16. www.kirchebordesholm.de

Coordinates: 54 ° 10 ′ 34 ″  N , 10 ° 0 ′ 42 ″  E