St. Nikolai (Kiel)

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St. Nikolai
Logo of the Church of St. Nikolai

St. Nikolai is the main Protestant church and the oldest building in Kiel . It is on the old market .

history

The construction of the Nikolaikirche began shortly after the city was founded by Adolf IV von Schauenburg and Holstein around 1242. The Gothic hall structure was rebuilt a hundred years later based on the model of the Petrikirche in Lübeck and, with a long choir , completed as a brick hall church with a three-aisled, almost square nave and a single-nave choir. In 1486 it burned down by a lightning strike and was rebuilt. At the beginning of the 16th century, the tower was integrated into the building with the addition of the Council and Rantzau Chapel.

In 1526, Marquard Schuldorp (1495–1529) introduced the Reformation at the Nikolaikirche. In the following year Melchior Hofmann came to Kiel. His apocalyptic sermons and the accusations against the city's dignitaries for having enriched themselves on the church property caused unrest. The dispute was additionally fueled by the Catholic parish priest, the Augustinian canon Wilhelm Pravest from the Bordesholm monastery .

On February 2, 1771, during a service attended by Archdeacon Meißner as a visitor, the tower was struck by lightning, which drove into the church without igniting and injured the clergyman in his preacher's seat with brass bars so badly that he died a few days later. When there was a fire in the neighboring house at Schuhmacherstraße 7 in 1760 and the sparks flying over the Nikolaifriedhof caused a fire in the roof turret, this could be quickly extinguished by the pastor Konrad Bruns and his helpers. Since the water jet from the fire engines did not reach the tower, Bruns had a small syringe moved to the attic, where he himself extinguished the fire with the water pipe.

The Propstei Kiel was established in 1811. The provost's office was combined with a pastor's office at the Nikolaikirche in Kiel. In 1816 Claus Harms became archdeacon and in 1835 chief pastor and provost. From 1854 to 1866 Karl Friedrich Christian Hasselmann was senior pastor.

In the years 1877 to 1884 the church was redesigned in a neo-Gothic style. It received a new facade and was faced with machine bricks. The burial chapels built in the 17th century by the choir were demolished. Inside, the rood screen, galleries and chairs were removed and the church was painted in accordance with contemporary tastes.

During the Second World War , the church building was badly damaged in an Allied air raid on May 22, 1944. The burning spire and the roof structure penetrated all the vaults of the central nave and the south aisle. The north aisle was also damaged. The valuable interior had been salvaged in previous years. Due to a possible danger of collapse of the ruins, the choir walls and the ship piers were laid down in 1948. The reconstruction was carried out in 1950 by the architect Gerhard Langmaack , largely in modern forms and constructions, such as concrete pillars and a reinforced concrete ceiling. The old vaults were not rebuilt, instead the exterior was given a simple gable roof that encompasses all three naves. In 1986 the interiors were renovated by Peter Kahlcke, Kiel.

Furnishing

Interior with pulpit, altar, crucifix and choir organ

The ore baptism of Hans Apengeter from 1344 is the oldest of the surviving art monuments in the Nikolaikirche. The Kiel baptism came about after the Wismar baptism of 1331 and the Lübeck baptism of 1337. Other works of art that are part of the furnishings are

Spirit fighter

The spirit fighter

The ghost fighter was created by Ernst Barlach on behalf of the city of Kiel and was the first large-scale sculpture by the expressionist sculptor and graphic artist. In the sword-bearing angel on the wolf-like being, the sublimity and the victory of the spirit over evil is represented.

The bronze sculpture was unveiled in 1928 at the Heiligengeistkirche at the former Franciscan monastery ( Kiel monastery ) without a public celebration, as the work of art was initially largely rejected by the population. The nameless sculpture was called "Spirit Fighter" by the people of Kiel, a title that the artist soon adopted. In 1937 the National Socialists removed the sculpture as degenerate art . However, it was saved from melting down and was hidden in Schnega in the studio of Hugo Körtzinger , a friend of Ernst Barlach. The city bought the ghost fighter back after the war. In 1954 it found its place at the Nikolaikirche.

Further casts of the sculpture are in front of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts in Minneapolis , Minnesota , as well as in front of the Gethsemane Church (Berlin) .

Organs

The main organ

There are three organs in the Nikolaikirche . On the one hand, the parish has a small chest organ from the organ building company Babel, which is used as a continuo organ .

Main organ

In 1965 Detlef Kleuker ( Brackwede ) created today's main organ with three manuals and a pedal with 45 registers ( main work , swell , Rückpositiv , pedal ). The instrument has abrasive loading , Normal coupling, a mechanical tone contracture , an electrical key action, electrical coupling and four free combinations . The windchests were not made of wood, but of plastic, which, like the electrification, led to technical defects, so that the organ had to be completely renovated in 1998 by Ulrich Babel ( Gettorf ). Eppo Rynko Ottes (Barcelona) has re-intoned the organ. It is tuned equal tempered (a '440 Hz at 18 ° C). The organ has 3288 pipes . The lowest note with 16.35 Hz is »C« (the capital C) in the register »Untersatz 32 ′«, the highest note with 12.54 kHz is g ′ ′ ′ (the three-slashed g) in the register »Octave 1 ′« .

I main work
1. Dumped 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Gemshorn 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Coupling flute 4 ′
6th octave 2 ′
7th Sesquialtera II
8th. Mixture V
9. Zimbel III
10. Chamade 8th'
11. Trumpet 8th'
II Rückpositiv
12. Reed flute 8th'
13. Principal 4 ′
14th recorder 4 ′
15th octave 2 ′
16. Third flute 1 35
17th Chamois fifth 1 13
18th Scharff IV
19th Chamade 8th'
20th Krummhorn 8th'
21st shelf 4 ′
Tremulant
III swell
22nd Principal 8th'
23. Salicional 8th'
24. Beat 8th'
25th Wooden dacked 8th'
26th octave 4 ′
27. Reed flute 4 ′
28. Black viola 4 ′
29 Rohrnassat 2 23
30th Hollow flute 2 ′
31. octave 1'
32. Overtones III
33. Rauschpfeife II
34. Mixture III-V
35. Chamade 8th'
36. Dulcian 16 ′
37. oboe 8th'
Tremulant
pedal
38. Pedestal 32 ′
39. Principal 16 ′
40. Sub bass 16 ′
41. octave 8th'
42. Dumped 8th'
43. octave 4 ′
44. flute 4 ′
45. Night horn 2 ′
46. Mixture V
47. bassoon 32 ′
48. trombone 16 ′
49. Trumpet 8th'
50. Trumpet 4 ′
51. Chamade 8th'
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, small pedal / I, large pedal / I
    • Sub-octave coupling: I / I, II / II, III / III, Kleinpedal / I
    • Super octave coupling: II / I, III / I, III / III, III / P
  • Playing aid : Zimbelstern (adjustable)

Choir organ from Mutin

The choir organ

In the aisle there is a two-manual organ by Charles Mutin , the successor to the famous Aristide Cavaillé-Coll . It has 17 sounding registers and was acquired in 2003 after the church in Tourcoing in northern France was profaned in 1995 . The side-play with mechanical action can also be played electrically from the main organ.

I Grand Orgue C–
1. Bourdon 16 '
2. Montre 8th'
3. Bourdon 8th'
4th Préstant 4 '
5. Duplicate 2 '
6th Plein Jeu IV
tremolo
II Récit expressif C–
7th Cor de nuit 8th'
8th. Salicional 8th'
9. Voix céleste 8th'
10. Flûte octaviante 4 '
11. Octavine 2 '
12. Trumpet harm. 8th'
13. Basson-Hautbois 8th'
14th Voix humaine 8th'
Pedale C– 1
15th Sousbasse 16 '
16. Bourdon 8th'
17th Basses 4 '
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, II / II
  • Play aid : collective tongue pull

Pomeranian Chapel

The Pommernkapelle with the baptism in the center

In 1954, Schleswig-Holstein took over a sponsorship for the displaced Pomeranians . When the tower massif of Kiel's main church was rebuilt in the 1950s, the former council chapel was rededicated as the Pommernkapelle.

Floor mosaics show the province of Pomerania and the coats of arms of their cities. The tapestry produced by Else Mögelin and Brigitte Schirren from 1959 to 1961 illustrates with King Christian III. , at the same time Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, and the reformer Johannes Bugenhagen from Pomerania, the bond between Kiel and Stettin. It symbolically shows the handover of the church order from 1542 for the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein by Bugenhagen to the king.

Since 1957 there has been a memorial stone in the chapel for the Szczecin Cantor Carl Loewe , who spent his last three years in Kiel and performed the organ service in St. Nikolai. The Pomeranian Landsmannschaft donated two leaded glass windows. They were created by Lotte Usadel from Szczecin and inaugurated in 1957 and 1958. One shows Löwe's organ in the Stettin Jakobikirche . The other connects the suffering of flight and expulsion with the crucifixion of Christ .

Say

In Karl Viktor Müllenhoff's collection of sagas you can find: “In the Nikolaikirche in Kiel the choirboys played cards in a corner behind the organ during the sermon; one of them even cursed. Then the devil came and twisted his neck (or hit him in the ears) so that the blood spattered on the wall, and he took him out of the window. The blood stain can still be seen and cannot be removed by whitewashing. The window cannot be reinserted either; because in a moment it will be in two again. "

Motif

A representation of the Nikolaikirche was used as a motif on the Kiel Christmas mug 1996.

literature

  • Johannes Lorentzen : The bells of St. Nikolai. [A game of bells] , Kiel: Karl J. Rößler 1929
  • Johannes Lorentzen: 700 years of St. Nikolaikirche in Kiel. Mission bookshop, Breklum 1941
  • Johannes Habich : Nikolaikirche Kiel. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1980
  • Klaus Thiede: St. Nikolai in Kiel. A contribution to the history of the city church . Mühlau, Kiel 1960

Web links

Commons : Nikolaikirche (Kiel)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German biography: Schuldorp, Marquard.
  2. List of provosts in the provost office or in the parish of Kiel or Altholstein (online at archivnordkirche.de) ( Memento of the original from August 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.archivnordkirche.de
  3. ^ Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: Kriegsschicksale Deutscher Architektur. Volume I: North. Wachholtz, Neumünster n.d., p. 4.
  4. ^ Klaus Thiede: St. Nikolai in Kiel. Mühlau, Kiel 1960, pp. 8-12
  5. Lüchow-Dannenberg district : Turning times - turning times, 2010, p. 70
  6. ^ Homepage of the parish (see under Room > Organs ), viewed on November 29, 2010.
  7. On the disposition of the Mutin organ ( Memento from May 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  8. Marion Josephin Wetzel (Diss. Univ. Kiel 2007)
  9. Stephan Scholz: Displacement monuments: Topography of a German landscape of memory (2015)
  10. ^ Hans Herbert Thode: History of the Pommernkapelle in St. Nikolai, Kiel . Schleswig-Holstein. Monthly books for Heimat und Volkstum (1962), no. 3, p. 61.
  11. Jeffrey P. Luppes: To Our Dead: Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory . Dissertation University of Michigan (2010), pp. 229-231.
  12. ^ Karl Müllenhoff: Legends, fairy tales and songs of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Kiel 1845, p. 158.

Coordinates: 54 ° 19 ′ 22.1 ″  N , 10 ° 8 ′ 24 ″  E